Saharan Spanish
| Saharan Spanish | |
|---|---|
| Español saharaui | |
| Pronunciation | [espaˈɲol sa(a)ˈɾawi] |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | |
Spanish alphabet) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Saharan Spanish (
variety of the Spanish language spoken in Western Sahara and adjacent regions. This non-native variety is heavily influenced by both Spanish cultural links and a strong expatriate community who live in Spain and Hispanic America, particularly Cuba
.
History
Western Sahara and former colonial power Spain (above) and frequent source of expatriate education Cuba (mid). A sign welcomes visitors to the People's Liberation Army Museum, a military museum in the Sahrawi refugee camps, in Arabic and Spanish.
Although the native and dominant languages in
Arabic and some Berber languages, Spanish was introduced by settlers in Spanish West Africa and Spanish Sahara in the 19th century. Older Sahrawis who went to school in the time of the Spanish colonization (up to 1975) are typically competent in the language, and in addition Spanish is taught to the new generations in the Sahrawi refugee camps near Tindouf
, Algeria. In the Moroccan-ruled parts of the country, the foreign language taught in school is typically French, rather than Spanish.
Current usage and legal status
Spanish still influences Sahrawi society today and is the preferred
Cervantes Institute estimates that there are 22,000 second-language speakers, 5% of the population, in Western Sahara, plus a larger number in the refugee camps in Algeria.[4]
Spanish vocabulary has entered Hassaniya, particularly in fields related to agriculture, automobiles, diet, and sanitation.[5] These loanwords are reinforced due to Sahrawis studying abroad in Hispanic lands and returning to either Western Sahara or the Sahrawi refugee camps.[5]
Lexicon
Regarding the lexicon, the preference for Hispanisms in the framework of technique and tools has been documented, just as other countries have opted for solutions of the colonizing language such as English or French.
| Lexical field | Originating loanword |
|---|---|
| Tools | enchufe destornillador tornillo martillo muelle |
| Automobiles/Transportation | coche caja de cambio tubo de escape chapa furgoneta motor volante |
| Sport | defensa extremo gol |
| Furniture | mueble cuna mesa cama |
| Health/Medicine | dispensario pomada venda jeringuilla receta |
| Education | biblioteca recreo lápiz |
| Food | pera manzana helado tortilla zumo queso |
| Clothing | chaqueta falda blusa |
Gallery of Spanish in Saharawi society
-
Sahrawi woman teaching Spanish in one of the Tindouf refugee camps. -
School inBir Lehlu. -
National Sahrawi Police. -
Emergency room. -
Sale of products in a Dajla pharmacy with posters in Spanish. -
Coins of 2 Sahrawi pesetas with inscriptions in Spanish.
See also
References
- ISBN 978-3-8233-6317-0.
- ^ "Western Sahara profile". BBC. 14 May 2018.
- ^ "About Us". Sahara Press Service. 26 February 2016.
- ^ Table 2, p. 12
- ^ a b Budda, Abdurrahaman (2012). "El español en África". Association of Academies of the Spanish Language.
- ^ [ El español en los países árabes en Fiape: I Congreso internacional, Toledo (2005)]
Further reading
- Aaiún, gritando lo que se siente : poesía saharaui contemporánea. Revista Exilios. 2006. ISBN 8461117220.
- Awah, Bahia Mahmud (2008). Literatura del Sahara Occidental. Breve estudio. Bubok. ISBN 978-84-612-8912-7.
- Awah, Bahia Mahmud (April 2016). Tiris, rutas literarias. Última Línea. ISBN 9788416159239.
- Awah, Bahia Mahmud (2007). Versos refugiados. Universidad Alcalá De Henares. ISBN 978-84-88754-26-4.
- Awah, Bahia Mahmud; Moya, Conchi (2009). El porvenir del español en el Sahara Occidental. Bubok. ISBN 978-84-613-0943-6.
- Budda, Abdurrahaman (2012). Huellas del castellano en el dialecto del hassaniyya saharaui. AACHE. ISBN 9788415537083.
- Gil, Victoria (2011). Retratos saharauis. ISBN 9788461472062.
- San Martin, Pablo; Bollig, Ben, eds. (2011). Los colores de la espera: Antología de nueva poesía sahraui. Colección El Extremo Sur-Espacio Hudson. ISBN 978-987-24042-5-3.
- Treinta y uno, Thirty-One : Antología poetíca. Sandblast. 2007. ISBN 978-84-8053-474-1.
- Um Draiga: Poesía sahraui contemporánea. Zaragoza: Um Draiga. 2007. OCLC 746799119.
- Iselmu, Alí Salem (2016). VerSahara: Antología 2016. Centro Canario de Estudios Caribeños "El Atlántico". ISBN 978-84-617-6174-6.
External links
Saharan Spanish at Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from Commons
Phrasebook from Wikivoyage
Data from Wikidata
- Um Draiga, a Sahrawi expatriate organization in Spain that publishes Spanish-language Sahrawi literature and poetry (in Spanish)