Tripterygium wilfordii
Tripterygium wilfordii | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Celastrales |
Family: | Celastraceae |
Genus: | Tripterygium |
Species: | T. wilfordii
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Binomial name | |
Tripterygium wilfordii |
Tripterygium wilfordii, or léi gōng téng (Mandarin) (Chinese: 雷公藤, Japanese: raikōtō), sometimes called thunder god vine but more properly translated thunder duke vine, is a vine used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Tripterygium wilfordii has been promoted for use in
Health effects
The United Kingdom government does not recommend the use of Tripterygium due to potential side effects.[1]
Birth control
Evidence is lacking that Tripterygium is either safe or effective as a method of
Rheumatoid arthritis
In China, T. wilfordii has historically been used as a treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).[6] The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health has noted tentative evidence that T. wilfordii may improve some RA symptoms.[7] Serious side effects, however, occur frequently enough to make the risks of taking it higher than the possible benefits.[7]
Other bioactive chemicals
Wilfortrine is a sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from T. wilfordii. It has
Side effects
At medicinal doses, T. wilfordii extract can have significant side effects,[7] including immunosuppression.
In August 2011, the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency published a drug safety bulletin advising consumers not to use medicines containing lei gong teng due to potentially serious side effects.[9]
China
A 2016 review found gastrointestinal symptoms in 13%, adverse reproductive outcomes in 12%, adverse skin reactions in 8%, hematologic events in 6.5%, cardiovascular events in 5%. Also irregular menstruation OR=4.6.[11]
A 2011 review stated that although T. wilfordii has toxic potential, careful extraction gives an acceptable frequency of adverse reactions, which are largely related to the gastrointestinal tract and amenorrhea. The review found that T. wilfordii extract is a useful remedy for postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis.[12]
Pharmacology
Tripfordines are bio-active sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids of T. wilfordii.[16]
To aid the investigation of pathways related to celastrol, a reference genome of T. wilfordii was sequenced, producing a 340.12 Mb genome with 31,593 structural genes (35 of them, CYP genes involved in the synthesis of the alkaloid active ingredients).[17]
Footnotes
- ^ a b "Traditional Chinese medicines containing lei gong teng (tripterygium wilfordii) Drug Safety Update". www.gov.uk. 8 August 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ S2CID 24106472.
- ^ PMID 33623031.
- S2CID 24660951.
- ^ "Illustrated Catalogue of Plants 植物名实图考长编_Learn Chinese Hujiang".
- ^ Gao J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu X, Huang L, Gao W. Triptolide: pharmacological spectrum, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and derivatives. Theranostics. 2021 May 24;11(15):7199-7221. doi: 10.7150/thno.57745. PMID 34158845; PMCID: PMC8210588.
- ^ a b c "Rheumatoid Arthritis and Complementary Health Approaches". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- PMID 2618700.
- ^ "Traditional Chinese medicines containing lei gong teng (tripterygium wilfordii)". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ^ 中医・我が愛しの上海へ/理想の中医学・漢方を求めて-
- PMID 27877128.
- S2CID 22419352.
- PMID 20226165.
- PMID 21255694.
- PMID 21278739.
- PMID 16989518.
- PMID 36967728.