April 1960

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April 1, 1960: TIROS I opens era of satellite weather images
April 21, 1960: The new city of Brasilia is dedicated
April 8, 1960: Radio telescope picks up signals from Epsilon Eridani

The following events occurred in April 1960:

April 1, 1960 (Friday)

  • The United States launched the first weather satellite, the 270-pound (120 kg) TIROS-1, from Cape Canaveral at 6:40 a.m. EST. The name was an acronym for Television Infra-Red Observation Satellite.[1][2] The same evening, satellite weather photos were introduced to the world, on television, for the first time. Taken from an altitude of 450 miles (720 km), the pictures of cloud cover confirmed the spiral pattern of winds in a storm.[3]
  • R Griggs & Co. began the production of Dr. Martens boots under licence in the UK. Known as style 1460, the original product is still in production today.[4][5]
  • The first
    Mercury spacecraft was delivered to NASA at Wallops Island for the beach-abort test.[6]
  • The
    1960 United States Census began. Officially, there were 179,323,175 United States residents on that day.[7]
  • Died:
    Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
    ; in office

April 2, 1960 (Saturday)

April 3, 1960 (Sunday)

  • The
    Van Nuys, California, that he had experienced Spirit baptism accompanied by speaking in tongues. The media soon covered the event as the intrusion of Pentecostalism into a main line church.[12]
  • Born: Marie Denise Pelletier, Canadian singer; in Montreal
  • Died:
    King of Cambodia since 1955. He had been preceded by, and was succeeded by, his son Norodom Sihanouk
    .

April 4, 1960 (Monday)

April 5, 1960 (Tuesday)

April 6, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • Alberto Lleras Camargo, the President of Colombia, addressed a joint session of Congress as part of a 13-day state visit to the United States. Lleras was given a ticker-tape parade in New York on April 11.[2]
  • The Short SC.1 VTOL aircraft made its first transition from vertical to horizontal flight and back.

April 7, 1960 (Thursday)

April 8, 1960 (Friday)

April 9, 1960 (Saturday)

  • South Africa's Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd was shot and seriously wounded by David Pratt, a white farmer, in Johannesburg.[21] Verwoerd survived, but would be stabbed to death in 1966.
  • The
    St. Louis Hawks 122–103. The Hawks had forced a seventh game two days earlier by beating Boston 105–102.[22]

April 10, 1960 (Sunday)

  • The last successful American
    Tyuratam. The S-75 Dvina missile batteries that could have downed the plane had not been alerted of the intrusion in time, and several Soviet senior commanders were fired. On May 1, a U-2 plane flown by Francis Gary Powers would be struck down.[23]

April 11, 1960 (Monday)

  • A fisherman in Masan, South Korea, discovered the mutilated body of Kim Chu Yol, a high school student who had been killed during March protests against the fraudulent presidential election. A police tear gas shell was visible in Kim's eye socket, and the outrage against the government's brutality triggered a riot. The violence in Masan was then followed by rioting in other South Korean cities.[24]
  • For Your Eyes Only, Ian Fleming's eighth James Bond novel, was first published by Jonathan Cape.[25]

April 12, 1960 (Tuesday)

April 13, 1960 (Wednesday)

April 14, 1960 (Thursday)

April 15, 1960 (Friday)

April 16, 1960 (Saturday)

  • The Sino-Soviet split widened as the Chinese Communist Party journal Red Flag published the editorial Long Live Leninism, an assertion that began with the premise that the Soviet Union had, by pursuing peaceful change, deviated from Lenin's thesis that "so long as imperialism exists, war is inevitable".[37]
  • The "New Realism" artistic movement was founded by art critic Pierre Restany with the publication of his Manifeste des Nouveaux Réalistes.[38]
  • Born:

April 17, 1960 (Sunday)

  • The
    Cleveland Indians
    game.
  • Died: Eddie Cochran, 21, American rock musician who wrote and recorded the classic "Summertime Blues", of injuries received the previous day when he, his fiancée Sharon Sheeley, and his fellow musician, Gene Vincent, were involved in a taxi accident. The three Americans were driving through the town of Chippenham, UK, when their car blew a tyre and crashed into a lamp post. Cochran, who would be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, would have a posthumous hit with the ironically-titled "Three Steps to Heaven".[39]

April 18, 1960 (Monday)

April 19, 1960 (Tuesday)

Seoul protesters

April 20, 1960 (Wednesday)

April 21, 1960 (Thursday)

  • After a week in which 6,000 East Germans fled to West Berlin, several DDR police crossed the border and began searching luggage at railroad stations. West Berlin police arrested two of the DDR police, while others fled. The exodus of thousands came after the East German government "collectivized" private farms and businesses and directed landowners and shopkeepers to become employees of state-owned cooperatives.[54]
  • Lucio Costa at a cost of ten billion dollars.[55]

April 22, 1960 (Friday)

  • The crash of a Belgian DC-4 airliner into a mountainside in Congo killed all 28 passengers and seven crew.[56] The flight had originated in Brussels the night before, with a final destination of Lubumbashi (at the time, called Elisabethville) with stops at Rome, Cairo and Bunia. The plane descended for its approach to Bunia through low clouds and impacted a peak in the Virunga Mountains.
  • France's President
    Charles De Gaulle was given an enthusiastic welcome by 200,000 people upon his arrival in Washington, D.C., on the fifth day of his tour of the Western Hemisphere. President De Gaulle spoke to a joint session of Congress on April 25, urging nuclear disarmament, and was cheered by more than a million people the next day at a ticker-tape parade in New York.[2]
  • Born:

April 23, 1960 (Saturday)

April 24, 1960 (Sunday)

  • When more than 100 black protesters marched on to a "
    whites only" beach in Biloxi, Mississippi, for a "wade-in" to force desegregation, they were attacked by several hundred white people, while Harrison County sheriff's deputies at the scene stood by. The violence then spilled over into the most violent riot in Mississippi history. A U.S. Department of Justice suit ended beach segregation the following month.[58][59]
  • One of the first widely publicized stories of
    Tampa, Florida, when Mrs. Florence Rogers, a 123-pound (56 kg) woman, lifted one end of a 3,600-pound (1,600 kg) car that had fallen off of a jack and onto her 16-year-old son, Charles Trotter. Mrs. Rogers, an LPN, fractured several vertebrae in the process.[60][61][62]
  • A fraudulent parliamentary election in Laos resulted in a landslide victory for the ruling CDNI Party.[63]
  • Died: Max von Laue, 80, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate; 16 days after his car was struck by a motorcyclist.[64]

April 25, 1960 (Monday)

April 26, 1960 (Tuesday)

President Rhee

April 27, 1960 (Wednesday)

Togo

April 28, 1960 (Thursday)

  • The construction of what would become Shea Stadium, at Flushing, Queens, was approved by New York City's Board of Estimate, 20–2, giving the proposed Continental League the chance to launch. The Continental League never played, but the stadium gave the National League the impetus to return to the city, with the New York Mets.
  • Born:
  • Died: Lee Ki-poong, former Vice-President of South Korea, died along with his wife and two sons as part of a suicide pact. Lee, and President Syngman Rhee, had resigned two days earlier in the wake of the April Revolution.

April 29, 1960 (Friday)

April 30, 1960 (Saturday)

References

  1. ^ "U.S. Puts Weather Satellite in Orbit". Oakland Tribune. April 1, 1960. p. 1.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Chronology—April 1960". The World Almanac and book of facts 1961. pp. 164–168.
  3. ^ "Space TV Spots Storm in Midwest—Scores Fabulous 'First'". The Independent. Long Beach, California. April 2, 1960. p. 1.
  4. ABC-CLIO
    . p. 98.
  5. ^ Hutchinson Encyclopedia
  6. ^ a b c d e f Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "PART II (B) Research and Development Phase of Project Mercury January 1960 through May 5, 1961". Project Mercury - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  7. ^ Census results
  8. ^ Steve Roper, Camp 4: Recollections of a Yosemite Rockclimber (Mountaineers, 1994), p108
  9. ^ "Awujale of Ijebuland", KingdomsOfNigeria.com
  10. ^ Britannica Online
  11. ^ "Police Halt March on Cape Town", Oakland Tribune, April 2, 1960, p1
  12. ^ Ben Lunis, Get Out of the Box (Xulon Press, 2003), p153
  13. ^ "Victory Adds Power To Kennedy Campaign". Oakland Tribune. April 6, 1960. p. 1.
  14. ^ "Grid Team Named 'Oakland Senors' [sic]". Oakland Tribune. April 5, 1960. p. 1.
  15. ^ "Now It's Hi, Raiders! (Bye, Senors) [sic]". Oakland Tribune. April 14, 1960. p. 1.
  16. University of Cape Town Press
    , 2001), p25
  17. Milwaukee Journal. April 7, 1960 – via Google News.[permanent dead link
    ]
  18. ^ "Science: Project Ozma". TIME. Archived from the original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  19. J. Wiley & Sons
    . pp. 154–155.
  20. ^ Strange Maps
  21. ^ "South Africa Prime Minister Shot Down by White Assassin", Oakland Tribune, April 9, 1960, p1
  22. ^ "1960 NBA Finals: Boston 4, St. Louis 3" Archived 2012-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, NBA Encyclopedia: Playoff Edition www.nba.com
  23. ISBN 978-1-84603-062-8
    .
  24. ^ John Kie-chiang Oh, Korean Politics: The Quest for Democratization and Economic Development (Cornell University Press, 1999), p41
  25. ^ "For Your Eyes Only". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  26. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
    . pp. 152–154.
  27. ^ Elston, Gene (2006). A Stitch in Time: A Baseball Chronology. Halcyon Press. p. 84.
  28. ^ "Grandson of Auto Tycoon Kidnapped". Oakland Tribune. April 13, 1960. p. 1.
  29. ^ "Huge Manhunt in Peugeot Kidnap-- Child Safe". Oakland Tribune. April 15, 1960. p. 1.
  30. ^ "U.S. Navigation Satellite in Orbit". Oakland Tribune. April 13, 1960. p. 1.
  31. ^ Van Sickle, Jan (2001). GPS for Land Surveyors. CRC Press. p. 88.
  32. ^ Arvid Nelson, Cold War Ecology: Forests, Farms, & People in the East German Landscape, 1945–1989 (Yale University Press, 2005), p.111
  33. ^ BroadwayMusicalHome.com
  34. ^ Robert McKenna, The Dictionary of Nautical Literacy (McGraw-Hill, 2001), p287
  35. ^ Arthur M. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 1701–2001 (Wayne State University Press, 2001), p198
  36. Continuum International
    . pp. 108–109.
  37. ^ K. R. Sharma, China: Revolution to Revolution (Mittal Publications, 1989), p34
  38. ^ "Neo-Dada Performance Art", by Gunter Berghaus, in Neo-avant-garde (Rodopi, 2006), p84
  39. ^ Richard Crouse, Big Bang, Baby: Rock Trivia (Hounslow Press, 2000), 79–80
  40. ^ Cannon, Lou (2003). Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power. PublicAffairs. p. 112.
  41. ^ Lawson, Edward (1996). Encyclopedia of Human Rights (2d. ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 488.
  42. ^ Steven Erlanger (September 15, 2012). "An American Ambassador Who Plunged Into Arab Life". New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  43. ^ "Korean Rioters Defy Rhee", Oakland Tribune, April 19, 1960, p1
  44. ^ Safety Network
  45. ^ Shri Ram Sharma, India-China relations: 1972–1991, p32
  46. ^ Alan Rake, African Leaders: Guiding the New Millennium (Scarecrow Press, 2001) p176
  47. ^ Edward Vernoff and Peter J. Seybolt, Through Chinese Eyes: Tradition, Revolution, and Transformation (CITE Books, 2007), p131
  48. ^ R. J. Bray, et al. Plasma Loops in the Solar Corona (Cambridge University Press, 2005), p17
  49. ^ "Boston Athletic Association". Archived from the original on 2002-03-29. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
  50. ISBN 9789004509931
    .
  51. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Brooks, Courtney G.; Ertel, Ivan D.; Newkirk, Roland W. "PART I: Early Space Station Activities -1923 to December 1962.". SKYLAB: A CHRONOLOGY. NASA Special Publication-4011. NASA. p. 11. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  52. Transaction Books
    . pp. 478–80.
  53. ^ Augustin, Ed (18 April 2018). "After six decades of Castro rule, Cubans greet end of era with a shrug". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  54. ^ "German Reds Try To Stop Exodus". Oakland Tribune. April 21, 1960. p. 1.
  55. ^ Burns, E. Bradford (1993). A History of Brazil. Columbia University Press. p. 404.
  56. ^ Aviation Safety Database
  57. ^ UnknownExploers.com
  58. Tucson Daily Citizen
    . April 25, 1960. p. 1.
  59. Greenwood Press
    . p. 32.
  60. Pacific Stars and Stripes
    . April 27, 1960. p. 3.
  61. Family Weekly
    . As told to John M. Ross. pp. 12–13.
  62. ^ David S. Goldstein, M.D. (2006). Adrenaline and the Inner World: An Introduction to Scientific Integrative Medicine. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 71.
  63. ^ Dommen, Arthur J. (2001). The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans: Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Indiana University Press. p. 386.
  64. ^ Samuelsson, Bergt; Sohlman, Michael, eds. (1998). Nobel Lectures: Physics 1901–1921. World Scientific. p. 359.
  65. ^ Naval Historical Foundation Archived April 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  66. ^ "Korean Mobs Riot, Celebrate As Rhee Agrees to Resign". Oakland Tribune. April 26, 1960. p. 1.
  67. ^ "Rhee Retires; Aide In Family Suicide". Oakland Tribune. April 28, 1960. p. 1.
  68. ^ Jacobs, Seth (2006). Cold war mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the origins of America's war in Vietnam. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  69. ^ "Togoland Proclaims Freedom". Pacific Stars and Stripes. April 28, 1960. p. 1.
  70. ^ U.S. Department of State
  71. ^ "Navy's First Killer A-Sub Launched". Oakland Tribune. April 27, 1960. p. 1.
  72. ^ USS Tullibee home page Archived 2020-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
  73. ^ "Paraguay Battles Invasion Forces", Oakland Tribune, April 30, 1960, p1
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