Cocos Malay
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Indonesian. (January 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Malay. (January 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Cocos Islands Malay | |
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Basa Pulu Cocos/Basa Pulu Keling | |
Native to | Australia, Malaysia |
Region | Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Sabah |
Ethnicity | 4,000 in Malaysia (2000)[1] |
Native speakers | (1,100 in Australia cited 1987–2012)[1] |
Creole
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | coa |
Glottolog | coco1260 |
ELP | Cocos Islands Malay |
Cocos Malay is a post-creolized variety of Malay, spoken by the Cocos Malays of Home Island, Christmas Island, and those originally from the Cocos Islands currently living in Sabah.[1]
Cocos Malay derives from the Malay trade languages of the 19th century, specifically the
Characteristics
It has the following characteristics:
- Javanese influence: cucut "shark", kates "papaya", walikat "shoulderblade" etc.
- First-person and second-person singular "gua" "lu", from Hokkien.
- Causative verb "kasi".
- "Ada" not only means "there is ...", but also is the progressive particle.
- Possessive marker "punya".
- Third person indefinite "ong", from orang "person"[6]
Phonology
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | u | |
Mid | e | ə | o |
Low | a |
Consonants
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
affricate
|
p b | t̪ | d | tʃ dʒ | k g | (ʔ) | ||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
Fricative
|
s | ʁ | (h)2 | |||||
Approximant
|
w | j | ||||||
Lateral approximant |
l |
There are three ways in which Cocos Malay differs from Standard Malay and Indonesian:[7]
- The uvular [ʁ] which always occurs intervocalically is present in Coco Malay but not in Standard Malay or Indonesian.
- Certain consonants, [f v ʃ z], which occur in Standard Malay are not present in Cocos Malay.
- With regard to the [h] amongst the three languages, the [h] in Cocos Malay is often dropped, especially in word-initial position. Examples include:
Standard Malay Cocos Malay English Gloss [ˈhisap˺] [ˈisap˺] 'suck' [ˈhuta̪ n] [ˈuta̪ n] 'forest' [ˈhiduŋ] [ˈiduŋ] 'nose' [ˈhaus] [ˈaus] 'thirsty'
Sample text
Saban minggu orang tu kərja'an presa tu, raun tu. Kalo' aer kring bole mənyəbərang, aer bəsar bole bawa' jukung tu, ame' məngkali ada yu masu', ganggu nang di dalam situ tu, bunu tu. Itu macam-macam ikan ada situ tu. Emang dia punya pintu dua, jukung bole masu' emangnya.
"Every week people would go and check them, they would go on a round. At low tide one could walk over, at high tide one could take a boat, in order to take out or to kill, say, a shark, who had come into the pond and was disturbing the turtles and fish inside. Because there used to be all sorts of fishes in there. There were in fact two gates: boats could come in."
Further reading
- Soderberg, Craig D. (2014). "Cocos Malay". Illustrations of the IPA. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 44 (1): 103–107. , with supplementary sound recordings.
References
- ^ a b c Cocos Islands Malay at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Wurm, Mühlhäusler, & Tryon, Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas, 1996:686
- ISBN 0-08-044299-4.
- ISBN 978-1-84769-749-3.
- ^ Welsh, Alistair (2015). "Cocos Malay language since integration with Australia". Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures. 9 (1). Archived from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ Alexander Adelaar, 1996. "Malay in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1996".
- ^ .