Bima language
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Not to be confused with
Bima language (Bantu)
.| Bima | |
|---|---|
| Nggahi Mbojo | |
.svg){kind=small} Aksara Mbojo in Bima (Mbojo) script | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sumbawa |
| Ethnicity | Bimanese |
Native speakers | (500,000 cited 1989)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin, Lontara script (Mbojo variant) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bhp |
| Glottolog | bima1247 |
| ELP | Bima |
The Bima language, or Bimanese (Bima: Nggahi Mbojo,
Bugis and the Malay language indifferently.[2]
Classification
Long thought to be closely related to the languages of Sumba Island to the southeast, this assumption has been refuted by Blust (2008), which makes Bima a primary branch within the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian subgroup.[3]
Distribution
Bima is primarily spoken on the eastern half of
Dialects
According to Ethnologue, dialects of the language include Kolo, Sangar (Sanggar), Toloweri, Bima, and Mbojo.
Donggo, spoken in mountainous regions to the west of Bima Bay, such as in Doro Ntika of the Doro Oromboha area, is closely related to the main dialect of Bima. It is spoken by about 25,000 people who were formerly primarily Christians and animists; many have converted to Islam, mostly as a result of intermarriages.[5]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n
|
ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t
|
tʃ | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d
|
dʒ | ɡ | ||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||
| Lateral | l
|
|||||
| Trill | r
|
|||||
Approximant
|
w | j | ||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
Vowels /i e o u/ can have shortened allophones as [ɪ ɛ ɔ ʊ].[6]
References
- ^ Bima at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ASIN B0041T3N9G.
- S2CID 144311741.
- ^ Ethnologue
- ^ Just, P. (2001). Dou Donggo Justice: Conflict and Morality in an Indonesian Society. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
- ^ Tama, I Wayan; Sukayana, I Nengah; Partami, Ni Luh; Z.M., Hamidsyukrie (1996). Fonologi Bahasa Bima. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Further reading
- Jonker, J. C. G. (1893). Bimaneesche Texten [Bima Texts] (in Dutch). Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.
- Jonker, J. C. G. (1896a). Bimaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek [Bima-Dutch Dictionary] (in Dutch). Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.
- Jonker, J. C. G. (1896b). Bimaneesche Spraakkunst [A Grammar of Bima] (in Dutch). Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.
External links
- Paradisec has a collection of open access recordings of Bima from a 2005 language documentation class, as well as some recordings from Robert Blust.
- Kaipuleohone also has an open-access collection of Robert Blust's materials including a recording of Bima.
- https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22150-biima-script.pdf
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Authority control databases: National  |
|---|
.jpg){kind=small} | This Austronesian languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |