Josef Priller

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Josef Priller
JG 26
Battles/wars
See battles

World War II

Awards
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Other workManager of the Riegele brewery

Josef "Pips" Priller (German:

fighter ace, he was credited with 101 enemy aircraft shot down in 307 combat missions. All of his victories were claimed over the Western Front, including 11 four-engine bombers and at least 68 Supermarine Spitfire
fighters.

Priller joined the military service in the

Army, he transferred to the Luftwaffe (Air Force) in 1936. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 334 (JG 334—334th Fighter Wing) and then to Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) on 1 May 1939. On 1 September 1939, the day when Germany invaded Poland, he was appointed squadron leader of the 6. Staffel of JG 51. He flew in the Battle of France and claimed his first aerial victory on 28 May 1940. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in October 1940 following his 20th aerial victory which he claimed during the Battle of Britain
.

In November 1940, Priller was transferred to

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. During Operation Bodenplatte on 1 January 1945, Priller led an attack on the Allied airfields at Brussels-Evere and Brussels-Grimbergen
. On 31 January 1945 Priller was appointed Inspekteur der Jagdflieger West (Inspector of Fighter Pilots West) and ceased operational flying. He held this position until the end of the war in May 1945.

Following the war, Priller managed the family brewery business. He died in 1961.

Early life and career

Priller, who was nicknamed Pips since his early youth, was born on 27 July 1915 in Ingolstadt in the Kingdom of Bavaria, a state of the German Empire. After he graduated with his Abitur (diploma) he joined the military service of the Wehrmacht as a Fahnenjunker (officer candidate) with Infantry-Regiment 20 in Amberg of the 10th Infantry Division on 1 April 1935. Against the will of his battalion commander he transferred to the Luftwaffe as an Oberfähnrich (officer cadet) on 1 October 1936.[1] He then received flight training at the pilot school in Salzwedel.[Note 1] On 1 April 1937, he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant).[3]

Following flight training, Priller was posted to the Jagdgruppe Wiesbaden, this unit was later designated I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 334 and then became I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 133 on 1 November 1938.[4][Note 2] He was then transferred to Bad Aibling, serving with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 135, a unit which on 1 May 1939 formed I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) and was commanded by Major Max Ibel.[5] With JG 51, he served as the Nachrichtenoffizier (communication officer) of I. Gruppe. In July 1939, he was posted to I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 71, which on 1 November was renamed to II. Gruppe of JG 51.[6][7] Priller was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 September 1939.[3]

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. At the time, II. Gruppe of JG 51 was based at Fürstenfeldbruck and still in its infancy of creation. It was made up of three Staffeln (squadrons) and according to the Luftwaffe nomenclature were named 4., 5. and 6. Staffel. Priller was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) on 20 October and tasked with forming of 6. Staffel (6th squadron) at Eutingen im Gäu.[8][9] On 5 November, 6. Staffel was officially created and became operational.[10] On 9 February 1940, II. Gruppe was moved to Böblingen Airfield where it was subordinated to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) and tasked with patrolling the Upper Rhine region during the Phoney War phase of World War II.[11]

On 11 May 1940, the second day of the

ground attack missions in the Alsace region. Following the German advance into Belgium and France, 6. Staffel was moved to Dinant on 26 May. That day, remnants of the French Army and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) were retreating towards Dunkirk. To save the BEF, the British under the cover of the Royal Air Force (RAF), had launched Operation Dynamo. On 28 May, Priller claimed his first two aerial victories. He was credited with shooting down two RAF fighters over the Dunkirk battle zone.[12] RAF Fighter Command reported eight Hawker Hurricanes shot down, four pilots killed in action and one as a prisoner of war on 28 May. Two Supermarine Spitfires were damaged in combat with Bf 109s.[13] German pilots claimed 26 British aircraft on this date.[14] For this achievement, Priller was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse) on 30 May 1940.[15] In total, Priller was credited with six aerial victories during the French campaign. This number includes a Spitfire and Hurricane claimed on 28 May, a Curtiss P-36 Hawk on 2 June, two Bristol Blenheim bombers on 8 June, and another Spitfire on 25 June.[16] This made Priller one of the leading fighter pilots of JG 51 during the Battle of France.[17] For this, he received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 10 July 1940.[15]

Battle of Britain

In July 1940, the Luftwaffe began a series of air operations dubbed

Flying Officer D. R. Gamblen. No. 56 Squadron lost Flight Sergeant C. J. Cooney killed.[21]

From 13 August—

Boulogne, France at 18:57 local time.[22] Sergeant P. T. Wareing, No. 616 Squadron, was reported missing at approximately 18:45, shot down over the French coast, reportedly near Calais. Wareing was captured.[29]

Priller filed no claims in September 1940 as the air battles reached a climax. On 7 October Priller claimed a victory in the morning and afternoon. Three JG 51 fighters were destroyed in combat with RAF fighters. One of these losses was inflicted by No. 501 Squadron. The British unit lost one pilot killed; Flying Officer N J M Barry. Another Spitfire was damaged in a collision with a Bf 109. During the day Fighter Command reported 14 fighters destroyed and three damaged.[30] On 15 October 1940, Priller claimed two fighters in the early afternoon.[22] No. 92 Squadron accounted for one of the JG 51's casualties, and lost one Spitfire in the engagement [two were lost in an early morning battle]. Pilot Officer J W Lund was rescued by naval craft. Fighter Command reported 15 fighters destroyed in combat with Bf 109s and two damaged.[31] A final 20th claim made by Priller on 17 October was his last of the Battle of Britain.[22] Pilot Officer H W Reilly, No. 66 Squadron, was killed in combat with JG 51 over Kent.[32] On 19 October 1940, Priller was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes).[33] He was the fourth pilot of JG 51 to receive this distinction.[34]

With Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"

Emblem of JG 26 "Schlageter"

In November 1940, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing), Adolf Galland, used his influence with the Ministry of Aviation (RLM—Reichsluftfahrtministerium) in Berlin and had Priller transferred to JG 26. JG 26 was named after Albert Leo Schlageter, a martyr cultivated by the Nazi Party. Priller arrived with JG 26 on 19 November, taking command of 1. Staffel, a squadron of I. Gruppe, as Staffelkapitän.[35] On 16 June 1941, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 13, targeting Boulogne with six Blenheim bombers, escorted by six squadrons of fighter escort from No. 11 Group. The RAF attack was countered by I. Gruppe and JG 26's Stabsschwarm. During this engagement, Priller claimed a Spitfire and a Blenheim from No. 59 Squadron shot down.[36]

Between 16 June and 11 July 1941, Priller claimed 19 RAF aircraft, including 17 Spitfires.[37] Priller's first claims of the year were made on 16 June.[18] Fighter Command reported six losses, although British sources credit the loss of four to JG 26.[38] Squadron Leader John Mungo-Park, commanding No. 74 Squadron, force-landed after combat. Pilot Officer D H Gage of No. 91 Squadron was killed over the Channel; both pilots were lost in action with an unstated unit. No. 1, No. 54 and No. 258 Squadrons reported one loss each. Sergeant A Nasswetter, a Czech pilot of the latter squadron, died of his wounds.[38]

On 7 July Priller claimed two Spitfires.

Rastenburg. Two other Luftwaffe officers were presented with awards that day by Hitler, Major Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn and Major Günther Lützow were also awarded the Oak Leaves.[43]

Group commander

On 22 November 1941,

General der Jagdflieger (General of the Fighter Arm), a staff position with the RLM in Berlin.[44] In consequence of this decision, on 6 December, Major Gerhard Schöpfel, Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of JG 26, and Priller was given command of III. Gruppe, and Oberleutnant Josef Haiböck took over 1. Staffel.[45] On 11 December, Priller was one of the first pilots to receive a then new Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-2 radial engine powered fighter aircraft, testing it on nineteen flights before year's end.[45]

Priller engaged in combat for the first time while flying the Fw 190 on 3 January 1942. On a test flight, he claimed a Hurricane shot down 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Calais.[46] On 1 May, Fighter Command ordered one "Circus" and four "Rodeos" to France. III. Gruppe was scrambled and attacked elements of the Kenley Wing near Calais. During this attack, III. Gruppe claimed four aerial victories, one of which by Priller who shot down a Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Calais.[47]

On 9 October, Priller for the first time encountered heavy bombers of the

VIII Bomber Command, later renamed to Eighth Air Force, had targeted Lille with 101 B-17s and B-24s.[50]

Wing commander

Priller was promoted to Major (major) on 1 January 1943.[15] On 8 January 1943, at a Luftwaffe conference in Berlin, General der Jagdflieger (General of the Fighter Arm) Galland informed Geschwaderkommodore Schöpfel that he was to be transferred to a staff position with Jagdfliegerführer Bretagne and that Priller would be replacing Schöpfel as Geschwaderkommodore of JG 26. Priller was also told that JG 26 was scheduled to be deployed on the Eastern Front.[51] On 10 January, Priller took over command of JG 26. His first task was to work out the plans for the transfer to the Eastern Front. The original idea was to transfer the various Gruppen of JG 26 in exchange for the Gruppen of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) which were planned to move west.[52] By March 1943, the first Gruppe to arrive on the Western Front had been III. Gruppe of JG 54. Since the combat conditions on the Western Front differed from those on the Eastern Front, a smooth transition of units proved to be more difficult than expected. Priller's reports to Galland were pessimistic of the idea and in consequence, on 27 March, Galland postponed the decision to exchange units, a plan that was later cancelled.[53]

B-17 Flying Fortress, was shot down over the Netherlands
by Priller on 19 August 1943.

On 19 August, VIII Bomber Command sent a number of B-17 bombers in an attack on Luftwaffe airfields at

56th Fighter Group, he led his flight in a frontal attack on the B-17 bombers which resulted in the destruction of two B-17s from the 305th Bombardment Group.[54]

On 20 October, Priller attacked a 96th Bombardment Group B-17 bomber during its mission to Düren and shot it out of formation. This Herausschuss (separation shot)—the damaged heavy bomber was forced to separate from its combat box—was counted as an aerial victory by the Luftwaffe.[55] In late 1943, in parallel to his obligations as Geschwaderkommodore, Priller served as interims Jagdfliegerführer 4, the commander of the fighter forces of Luftflotte 3.[56] Priller was promoted to Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) on 1 January 1944.[57]

On 6 June 1944 (

D-Day), Priller, accompanied by his wingman made a single strafing pass attack on Sword Beach in their Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-8s. This act was first brought to the world's attention by the book, then the film, The Longest Day. Contrary to popular belief, Priller and his wingman (Feldwebel Heinz Wodarczyk) were not the only Luftwaffe forces to attack the beachhead that day. Both Luftwaffe Hauptmann (Captain) Helmut Eberspächer, leading a ground-attack four-plane element of Fw 190s of Schnellkampfgeschwader 10, which downed a quartet of RAF Avro Lancasters at 05:00 over the invasion area, and the Luftwaffe bomber wing Kampfgeschwader 54 made several attacks on the British beachheads on D-Day.[58]

The

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 2 July 1944. He was the 93rd member of the German armed forces to be so honored.[41]

On 1 January 1945, he led JG 26 in the ill-fated mass attack on Allied airfields, in Operation Bodenplatte, (an operation that saw Wodarczyk killed). That day, Priller was promoted to Oberst (colonel).[57] On 28 January 1945, Priller left JG 26 and was replaced as Geschwaderkommodore of JG 26 by Major Franz Götz. Priller was appointed as Inspector of Day Fighters (West), a staff position with the Inspector of Fighters.[61]

After the war

Priller's grave (middle left) on the Westfriedhof in Augsburg.

After the war, Priller studied brewing at the Weihenstephan Science Centre for Life & Food Sciences, Land Use and Environment (WZW), a department of the Technical University of Munich. Following graduation, he became general manager of the Riegele brewery after his marriage to the owner, Johanna Riegele-Priller. He was one of several D-day combatants to advise on the making of the film The Longest Day, in which he was portrayed by Heinz Reincke.[62] He died on 20 May 1961 from a heart attack in Böbing, Upper Bavaria. He was buried at the Westfriedhof (western cemetery) in Augsburg.[63] The street "Josef-Priller-Straße" in Augsburg and Fürstenfeldbruck were named after him.[64][65][66] His oldest son Sebastian became head of the Riegele Brewery in 1991.[67]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

Priller flew 307 combat missions to claim 101 victories. All his victories were recorded over the Western Front, and consisted of 11 USAAF

heavy bombers, 68 Spitfires (the highest Luftwaffe ace's tally for this type), 11 Hurricanes, five medium bombers and five USAAF fighters. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 100 aerial victory claims, plus three further unconfirmed claims. All of his victories were claimed on the Western Front and includes ten four-engined bombers.[68]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 05 Ost ML-7". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15

minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[69]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Priller did not receive credit.
  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[70]
Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940
1 28 May 1940 13:07 Spitfire northwest of Dunkirk[16] 4 8 June 1940 19:05 Blenheim Abbeville[16]
2 28 May 1940 13:10 Hurricane northwest of Dunkirk[16] 5 8 June 1940 19:06 Blenheim Abbeville[16]
3 2 June 1940 21:15 Curtiss southwest of Dunkirk[16] 6 25 June 1940 18:20 Spitfire 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of Desvres[16]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[70]
Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June 1940 – 7 June 1941
7 14 July 1940 16:25 Hurricane southeast of Dover[18] 14 24 August 1940 14:10 Hurricane 2 km (1.2 mi) east of Margate[22]
8 20 July 1940 19:20 Hurricane 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Folkestone[18] 15 26 August 1940 18:57 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Boulogne[22]
9 29 July 1940 08:40 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Dover[18] 16 7 October 1940 11:35 Spitfire 20 km (12 mi) north of Canterbury[22]
10 14 August 1940 13:45 Spitfire northwest of Dover[22] 17 7 October 1940 17:40 Spitfire Thames Estuary[22]
11 15 August 1940 16:15 Hurricane 1 km (0.62 mi) east of Clacton[22] 18 15 October 1940 13:10 Hurricane 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Dover[22]
12 16 August 1940 13:35?[Note 3] Spitfire 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Canterbury[22] 19 15 October 1940 13:15 Hurricane 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Dover[22]
13 24 August 1940 13:55 Hurricane 7 km (4.3 mi) east of Margate[22] 20 17 October 1940 16:35 Hurricane Tunbridge Wells[22]
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[70]
On the Western Front — June 1941
21 16 June 1941 16:35 Spitfire west of Boulogne[71] 23 17 June 1941 19:42 Hurricane west of Cap Gris-Nez[71]
22 16 June 1941 16:45 Blenheim southwest of Boulogne[71] 24 21 June 1941 12:40 Spitfire southwest of Ramsgate[71]
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[68]
On the Western Front — 22 June – 31 December 1941
25 23 June 1941 13:35 Spitfire south of Somme Estuary[72] 42 22 July 1941 13:40 Spitfire northwest of Gravelines[73]
26 25 June 1941 13:00 Spitfire west of Gravelines[72] 43 23 July 1941 14:05?[Note 4] Spitfire 16 km (9.9 mi) north of Gravelines[73]
27 27 June 1941 22:00 Spitfire southwest of Gravelines[72] 44 24 July 1941 14:45 Spitfire northwest of Dunkirk[73]
28 30 June 1941 18:56 Spitfire 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Saint-Inglevert[72] 45 7 August 1941 11:30 Spitfire northwest of Calais[73]
29 2 July 1941 12:45 Spitfire 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Lille[72] 46 7 August 1941 18:20 Spitfire west of Calais[73]
30 4 July 1941 14:55 Spitfire 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Saint-Omer[72] 47 4 September 1941 17:30 Spitfire north of Béthune[74]
31 5 July 1941 13:40 Spitfire northwest of Dunkirk[72] 48 17 September 1941 15:35 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Calais[74]
32 7 July 1941 10:00 Spitfire north of Gravelines[75] 49 18 September 1941 16:25 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) west of
Dungeness[74]
33 7 July 1941 10:47 Spitfire west of Somme Estuary[75] 50 1 October 1941 14:57 Spitfire in the middle of the English Channel[74]
34 8 July 1941 15:30 Spitfire north of Saint-Omer[75] 51 1 October 1941 15:35 Spitfire west of Boulogne[74]
35 9 July 1941 14:00 Spitfire south of Aire[75] 52 12 October 1941 13:25 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Berck[76]
36 9 July 1941 14:10 Spitfire south of Calais[75] 53 13 October 1941 15:30 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Berck[76]
37 10 July 1941 12:30 Spitfire north of Saint-Omer[75] 54 21 October 1941 12:55 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Étaples[76]
38 10 July 1941 12:40 Spitfire northwest of Boulogne[75] 55 21 October 1941 13:05 Spitfire 15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Le Touquet[76]
39 11 July 1941 16:10 Spitfire west of Calais[75] 56 27 October 1941 13:15 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Watten[76]
40 14 July 1941 10:30 Spitfire south of Dunkirk[75]
1 km (0.62 mi) north of Ferques 		57 8 November 1941 12:50 Spitfire north of Béthune[76]
41 19 July 1941 14:35 Spitfire Dover[73] 58 8 November 1941 13:10 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) abeam of Gravelines[76]
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[77]
On the Western Front — 1 January – 31 December 1942
59 3 January 1942 15:38 Hurricane 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Calais[78] 71 9 May 1942 13:40 Spitfire 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Gravelines[79]
60 27 March 1942 16:40 Spitfire 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Ostend[78] 72 17 May 1942 11:35 Spitfire Guînes/Audembert[79]
61 28 March 1942 18:50 Spitfire Cap Gris-Nez/Cap Blanc-Nez[78] 73 1 June 1942 13:45 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Blankenberge[79]
62 4 April 1942 14:15 Spitfire Calais/Dover[78] 74 22 June 1942 12:15 Spitfire 30 km (19 mi) north of Gravelines[79]
—
 12 April 1942 13:20 Spitfire west of Boulogne[78] 75 15 July 1942 15:38 Spitfire 8 km (5.0 mi) northeast of Dover[79]
63 12 April 1942 13:45?[Note 5] Spitfire north of Gravelines[78]
—
 30 July 1942 19:00 Spitfire Gravelines[80]
64 16 April 1942 18:26 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Calais[78] 76 21 August 1942 11:10 Spitfire 50 km (31 mi) north of Gravelines[80]
65 25 April 1942 16:54 Spitfire 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Saint-Étienne[79] 77 29 August 1942 11:46 Spitfire 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Cap Gris-Nez[80]
66 27 April 1942 12:25 Spitfire south of Ardres[79] 78 9 October 1942 10:40 B-24 Lille[80]
southwest of Roubaix/Wevelgem
67 27 April 1942 12:30 Spitfire 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Gravelines[79] 79 4 December 1942 14:40 Spitfire 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Dover[81]
68 28 April 1942 11:55 Spitfire Gravelines[79] 80 6 December 1942 12:10 Spitfire 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Lille[81]
69 1 May 1942 19:30 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Calais[79] 81 20 December 1942 12:01?[Note 6] B-17 Seine Bend, northwest of Paris[81]
70 5 May 1942 15:40?[Note 7] Spitfire 11 km (6.8 mi) south of Ypres[79]
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[77]
On the Western Front — 1 January – 31 December 1943
82 20 January 1943 12:36?[Note 8] Spitfire north of Canterbury[82] 89 10 June 1943 18:55 Ventura west of Koksijde[82]
83 8 March 1943 14:15 Spitfire 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of Saint-Valery-en-Caux[82] 90 22 June 1943 09:32 B-17 Terneuzen[82]
84 5 April 1943 15:12?[Note 9] B-17 20 km (12 mi) west of Ostend[82] 91 26 June 1943 18:54 B-17 Dieppe/Le Tréport[82]
85 4 May 1943 18:43?[Note 10] Spitfire northwest of Antwerp[82] 92 17 August 1943 17:45 B-17 PQ 05 Ost ML-7[82]
north of Liège
86 13 May 1943 16:24 B-17 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Boulogne[82] 93 19 August 1943 19:00 B-17 Vlissingen[82]
vicinity of the Gilze-Rijen airfield
87 13 May 1943 16:46?[Note 11] Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Étaples[82] 94 21 September 1943 10:45 B-25 north of Saint-Pol[82]
88 16 May 1943 13:16?[Note 12] P-47 Knokke/Westkapelle[82] 95?[Note 13] 20 October 1943 13:45 B-17*[83] Arras/Cambrai[82]
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[84]
On the Western Front — 1 January – 31 December 1944
96 13 April 1944 17:10?[Note 14] B-17 Poperinge/north of Saint-Omer[85] 99 11 June 1944 15:35 P-38 northwest of Compiègne[86]
—
 13 April 1944
—
 B-17[87] 100 15 June 1944 07:10 B-24 west of Dreux/southwest of Chartres[88]
97 7 June 1944 13:50 P-51 PQ 15 West TU-7/8[87]
north of Caen[89] 		101 12 October 1944 11:25?[Note 15] P-51 south of Wunstorf[90]
98 7 June 1944 19:00 P-47 PQ 05 Ost UC-3/6[87]
Évreux[89]

Awards

Dates of rank

1 April 1937: Leutnant (second lieutenant)[3]
1 September 1939: Oberleutnant (first lieutenant)[3]
July 1941: Hauptmann (captain)[15]
1 January 1943: Major (major)[15]
1 January 1944: Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel)[57]
1 January 1945: Oberst (colonel)[57]

Publications

  • Geschichte eines Jagdgeschwaders. Das JG 26 (Schlageter) von 1937 bis 1945 [History of a Fighter Wing. The JG 26 (Schlageter) from 1937 to 1945] (in German). Heidelberg, Germany: Kurt Vowinckel Verlag. 1956.
    ISBN 978-3-87943-712-2
    .

Notes

  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations. For pilots destined to fly multi-engine aircraft, the training was completed with the Luftwaffe Advanced Pilot's Certificate (Erweiterter Luftwaffen-Flugzeugführerschein), also known as the C-Certificate.[2]
  2. ^ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  3. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:55.[70]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:06.[70]
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:50.[77]
  6. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:02.[77]
  7. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:45.[77]
  8. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:38.[77]
  9. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:12.[77]
  10. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:42.[77]
  11. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 16:48.[77]
  12. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:12.[77]
  13. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.[77]
  14. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 17:15.[77]
  15. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:23.[77]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Goss 2018, pp. 142–143.
  2. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  3. ^ a b c d Stockert 2012, p. 170.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2000a, p. 230.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2000a, p. 206.
  6. ^ Goss 2018, p. 143.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 285.
  8. ^ Aders & Held 1993, pp. 47–48, 249.
  9. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 287.
  10. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 253.
  11. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 48.
  12. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 53.
  13. ^ Franks 1997, pp. 34–35.
  14. ^ Franks 2006, p. 187.
  15. ^ a b c d e Stockert 2012, p. 171.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2000b, p. 285.
  17. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 59.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2002b, p. 62.
  19. ^ Franks 1997, pp. 35, 46.
  20. ^ Franks 1997, p. 48.
  21. ^ a b Franks 1997, p. 50.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Prien et al. 2002b, p. 65.
  23. ^ a b Franks 1997, p. 55.
  24. ^ Bungay 2000, p. 218.
  25. ^ Mason 1969, pp. 257, 260–261.
  26. ^ Mason 1969, pp. 269, 271.
  27. ^ Mason 1969, pp. 298–300.
  28. ^ Franks 1997, p. 62.
  29. ^ Mason 1969, p. 303.
  30. ^ Mason 1969, pp. 434–436.
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Bibliography

Military offices
Preceded by
Oberstleutnant Karl Vieck
 Commander of Jagdfliegerführer 2
11 January 1943 – 6 September 1943 		Succeeded by
Oberstleutnant Johann Schalk
Preceded by
Oberstleutnant Walter Oesau
 Commander of Jagdfliegerführer 4
6 September 1943 – 1 April 1944 		Succeeded by
Oberst
Hilmer von Bülow-Bothkamp
Preceded by Commander of Jagdgeschwader 26 Schlageter
10 January 1943 – 27 January 1945 		Succeeded by
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