April 1970

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April 17, 1970: Apollo 13 astronauts safely return after near-catastrophe
April 8, 1970: 34 children killed by Israeli air attack on Egyptian school
April 24, 1970: China launches its first orbital satellite
April 30, 1970: U.S. President Nixon announces that 2,000 U.S. troops have crossed into Cambodia, says "This is not an invasion."
April 19, 1970: AvtoVAZ introduces the Lada
April 1, 1970: AMC introduces the Gremlin

The following events occurred in April 1970:

April 1, 1970 (Wednesday)

April 2, 1970 (Thursday)

  • Francis W. Sargent signed the "War Bill" passed by both houses of the state legislature the day before.[8][9] The measure, which passed 127 to 92 in the state House and 29 to 3 in the state Senate[10] declared that no resident of Massachusetts "shall be required to serve outside of the territorial limits of the United States in the conduct of armed hostilities not an emergency and not otherwise authorized" by a declaration of war by the U.S. Congress.[11]

April 3, 1970 (Friday)

  • In
    Fukuoka, and the crew had landed at the Kimpo airfield outside of Seoul rather than acceding to the nine hijackers' demand that they be flown to North Korea. The jet then flew onward to the Pyongyang airport in North Korea with Yamamura and the crew of three.[13] Yamamura and flight crew Shinji Isida, Teiichi Esaki and Toshio Aihara were allowed to fly the Boeing 727 from Pyongyang back to Tokyo the next day.[14]
  • Died: Faysal al-Shaabi, 31, Prime Minister of South Yemen during 1969 until being ousted in a coup, was "shot while trying to escape" a week after being transferred from house arrest to a government detention camp.[15]

April 4, 1970 (Saturday)

Yuri Andropov, KGB Chairman
  • The disposal of the remains of Adolf Hitler was carried out at the Soviet Union's military base in Magdeburg, East Germany. Only the commander of the base was aware that the burnt skeletons of Hitler, Eva Braun, General Hans Krebs, Joseph Goebbels, Magda Goebbels and the Goebbels children, had been interred there. Hitler's skull had been sent to Moscow in 1945, where it was placed in the State Archives in Moscow.[16] In that the base was scheduled to be relinquished to East Germany, the commander consulted KGB Director Yuri Andropov for instructions. To prevent the site from becoming a shrine for neo-Nazis, Andropov ordered that the grave's contents be crushed, burned and scattered. The process was completed the next day at Schönebeck, and what was left over was dumped into the Elbe River. In 1995, the long secret story would be revealed in the book The Death of Hitler: The Full Story with New Evidence from Secret Russian Archives, by Ada Petrova and Peter Watson.[17]
  • In what the Professional Bowlers Association would rank in a 2018 poll as its most dramatic game, Don Johnson had perfection until a frustrating final moment in winning the PBA Tournament of Champions. Johnson had bowled 11 consecutive strikes, but on the 12th and final frame, the "300 game" was foiled when only nine of the 10 pins fell.[18] The #10 pin in the upper right corner remained, and although Johnson finished 299 to 268 ahead of his closest challenger, Dick Ritger, the failure to reach 300 cost him a $10,000 bonus and a new car.[19]
  • The 222nd and last original episode of the rural situation comedy Petticoat Junction was telecast, bringing and end to the show after seven seasons that began on September 24, 1963.
  • A group of 50,000 demonstrators picketed in Washington for what has been called "the era's largest pro-war demonstration", the "March for Victory", organized by fundamentalist radio evangelist Carl McIntire.[20] The marchers, mostly well-dressed, middle-aged white Americans, protested U.S. President Nixon's decision to reduce the American commitment rather than to take the war into North Vietnam.[21]
  • Citizens in the Stickney Township, west of Chicago, voted 4,071 to 1,552 to incorporate the new city of Burbank, Illinois.[22] The Chicago Tribune noted that "The new city is bounded by 77th and 87th streets and Cicero and Sayre avenues and will have a population of about 30,000 residents."[23]
  • Born: Barry Pepper, Canadian film and Emmy Award-winning television actor; in Campbell River, British Columbia

April 5, 1970 (Sunday)

April 6, 1970 (Monday)

  • PM.[40]
  • Photojournalists
    North Vietnamese Army, which had used Cambodia as a base for operations. In 1986, the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency would declassify a report that had concluded that Flynn and Stone "probably were executed in 1971 by an officer of the Khmer Rouge".[42]
The King and his Bentley
  • King Frederik IX of Denmark overturned his Bentley convertible automobile while driving on a Copenhagen street but was not seriously injured. After climbing out of his car, which skidded on a slippery street, hit the curb and landed on its side", the King rode part of the way back to the Amalienberg Palace in an ambulance, then asked the driver to stop, got out, and walked the rest of the way, "apparently wary that his arrival by ambulance might cause alarm."[43]
  • Died:
    • Dr. Sam Sheppard, 46, American neurosurgeon who had served 12 years in prison after being wrongfully convicted of murdering his wife; from encephalopathy associated with his consumption of alcohol.
    • El Deif Ahmed, 33, Egyptian comedian and film actor and part of the film trio Tholathy Adwa'a El Masrah; from a heart attack

April 7, 1970 (Tuesday)

John Wayne

April 8, 1970 (Wednesday)

April 9, 1970 (Thursday)

April 9, 1970: Jack Swigert, Jim Lovell and Fred Haise, the new crew of Apollo 13.
  • Only two days before the scheduled liftoff of the
    John L. Swigert Jr.[54] The alternative to lifting off on April 11 with a replacement crew member would have been to postpone the launch to the next favorable launch date, May 9. A pre-launch physical examination showed that Mattingly had contracted rubella (also called German measles) after exposure to the disease from another member of the backup crew, Charles M. Duke Jr.
    (who, in turn, had contracted the disease from one of his children).
  • With the switch of one state legislator's vote from "no" to "yes", the New York State House of Representatives cleared the way for legalized abortion in that U.S. state. The State Senate had previously voted, 31 to 26, to pass an even more wide-reaching bill. With 150 members, the State House required at least 76 votes to approve a bill, and the initial roll call vote was 74 to 74, with the House Speaker declining to cast a vote. At that point, Assemblyman George M. Michaels stood up and, crying, told the group that he was changing his vote, adding that "I cannot go back to my family and say George Michaels killed this bill. I fully appreciate that this is the termination of my career." With the vote now 75 in favor, 73 against, Speaker Perry B. Duryea Jr. then added the 76th vote, clearing the way for abortions during the first 24 weeks of pregnancy.[55] As Michaels had predicted, his yes vote did mean the end of his political career and he was never elected to another office.[56]

April 10, 1970 (Friday)

April 11, 1970 (Saturday)

The Baja California peninsula on April 11, 1970, taken with north oriented down during Apollo 13.

April 12, 1970 (Sunday)

April 13, 1970 (Monday)

Apollo 13 patch
  • At 9:08 in the evening Central Time (April 14 03:08 UTC), the Mission Control team at the
    undervoltage in two of the power-producing cells. After 93 minutes, Haise reported that oxygen pressure in the command module was dropping, and by 10:59 p.m., Mission Control determined that the three LM fuel cells had failed, that only 15 minutes of electrical power remained, and that the crew should transfer immediately to the lunar module.[71]
  • In the village of Xom Bien, a massacre of about 600
    Chrouy Changvar area near Phnom Penh and removed the men and boys, placed them on Vietnamese Navy riverboats, and shot them. Days later, hundreds of the corpses of the victims (which included more from outside of Xom Bien) were seen floating down the Mekong along South Vietnam[72]
  • SS La Jenelle, an idle luxury cruise ship which had formerly been called SS Bahama Star, capsized in a storm as it sat at anchor in the harbor of Port Hueneme, California, and would remain tilted at a 45 degree angle for the next two years before dismantling began in 1972. While stranded in low waters, the ship was boarded by thrillseekers, and the jetty that its remains "created [is] one of the best surf spots in California".[73]
  • At the Masters Tournament in Augusta, Georgia, Billy Casper shot a 69 to defeat Gene Littler in an 18-hole playoff to win the championship.[74]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • William H. Johnson
      , African-American expressionist painter
    • Merriman Smith, 57, American journalist and senior White House correspondent for United Press International, shot himself at his home
    • Hugh Francis Redmond, 50, American CIA agent who had been held captive in a prison camp in China since his arrest in 1951. China's news agency announced on July 10, 1970, that Redmond had slit his wrists with "a U.S.-made razor blade".[75]

April 14, 1970 (Tuesday)

April 14, 1970: Fellow astronauts and flight controllers work to bring Apollo 13 crew home.

April 15, 1970 (Wednesday)

April 16, 1970 (Thursday)

  • At 1:10 in the morning local time, an avalanche buried a tuberculosis sanatorium in the French Alps near Sallanches, killing 74 people. The avalanche, 600 ft (180 m) wide, swept down the Plateau d'Assy and struck the children's wing of the hospital and two nursing dormitories, with a 60 ft (18 m) wide wall of snow.[79] Most of the dead were boys under the age of 15, who were asleep when the disaster struck.[80]
  • Two Protestant ministers with views regarding majority rule in Northern Ireland, were elected to the Stormont, the House of Commons of Northern Ireland.[81] Reverend Ian Paisley and his assistant, Reverend William Beattie, both of the Unionist Party, defeated Labour candidates in a by-election to fill the vacancies.
  • The
    free agency for the players of a merged league.[82] Filed in the name of NBAPA President (and NBA point guard) Oscar Robertson against the 11 ABA and 17 NBA team owners, the lawsuit averred that a single 28-team league would prevent players from being able to negotiate with the highest bidder between the rival circuits. A partial merger would finally take place in 1976, after a court ruling to void the reserve clause in contracts that gave teams the first option to renew a player's contract, and an 18-team NBA would bring in four of the remaining ABA teams.[83]
  • Died: Richard Neutra, 78, Austrian-American architect

April 17, 1970 (Friday)

April 17, 1970: Splashdown of Apollo 13.
  • Apollo 13 splashed down safely in the South Pacific Ocean near American Samoa, and was recovered by the amphibious assault ship USS Iwo Jima.[84] Astronauts Jim Lovell, Jack Swigert and Fred Haise reported that they were exhausted because the intense cold during the return trip had prevented them from sleeping.
  • Born: Redman (stage name for Reginald Noble), American rap artist; in Newark, New Jersey
  • Died: Alexius I, Patriarch of Moscow and all of Russia (b. Sergei Vladimirovich Simansky), 92, Russian Orthodox cleric and the highest ranking religious leader authorized by the Soviet Union from 1945 until his death. He was succeeded on a temporary basis by the Metropolitan of Leningrad, Patriarch Pimen I, whose election would be made permanent in 1971.

April 18, 1970 (Saturday)

  • The day after their safe return to Earth following a near disaster in space, the three Apollo 13 astronauts were presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Nixon at a ceremony in Honolulu. Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert were told by Nixon, "You did not reach the Moon but you reached the hearts of millions of people on Earth by what you did."[85]
  • Born:
    • Saad Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon from 2009 to 2011 and again from 2016 to 2020; as the son of Lebanese politician (and later Prime Minister) Rafic Hariri in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    • Heike Friedrich, East German swimmer who held the women's record for the 200m freestyle from 1986 to 1994; winner of two gold medals in the 1988 Summer Olympics and four in the 1986 world championships
  • Died:
    neo-Marxian economics
    theorist

April 19, 1970 (Sunday)

East Berlin's Lenin Monument

April 20, 1970 (Monday)

  • U.S. President Nixon announced that he would order the withdrawal of 150,000 American troops from South Vietnam over the next 12 months as part of the process of turning conduct of the Vietnam War over to the South Vietnamese people.[93] Ten days after declaring that "The decision I have announced tonight means that we have in sight the just peace we are seeking", Nixon reversed the decision and announced that troop strength would not be decreased and that the war would expand into Cambodia.[94] Hanoi and the Viet Cong had been given ample warning that they ran the risk of South Vietnamese and United States military action in Cambodia if they continued to mount attacks from neutral Cambodia as well as threatening the Lon Nol government.[95]
  • A new comic strip,
    witch as its title character, the strip is still drawn by cartoonist Russell Myers more than 49 years later. While Sunday, April 19, 1970, is sometimes listed as the date of the first strip, the appearance was limited to an advertisement in the Sunday comics section of the Chicago Tribune
    where Broom-Hilda told readers "My friends and I will be in the Tribune every day, starting tomorrow. Come and see us."
  • The New York Knicks overwhelmed the Milwaukee Bucks, 132 to 96, to win Game 5 of a best-4-of-7 semifinal and to earn the right to face the Los Angeles Lakers in the National Basketball Association championship series. The Lakers had won the NBA's Western Division crown the day before against the Atlanta Hawks.
  • Less than two weeks after the U.S. Senate declined to approve his nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court, G. Harrold Carswell resigned his lifetime appointment as a federal judge, apparently confident that he could win office as a United States Senator for Florida.[97] Carswell failed to become the Republican Party nominee, losing by a wide margin in the September 8 primary to Congressman William C. Cramer.
  • Born:
    • Adriano Moraes, Brazilian professional bull rider with four world titles in professional rodeo; in Quintana, São Paulo
    • Shemar Moore, American television actor known for The Young and the Restless; in Oakland

April 21, 1970 (Tuesday)

  • All 36 people on Philippine Airlines Flight 215 were killed in a crash caused by a bomb explosion in the aircraft's restroom at an altitude of 10,500 feet (3,200 m).[98] The Hawker Siddeley HS-748 had departed from Cauayan on a 174 mi (280 km) flight to Manila.[99]
  • Leonard Casley, a disgruntled wheat farmer in the state of Western Australia, declared his 18,500-acre (7,500 ha) farm to be the "Hutt River Province", and would contend for the rest of his life that his 29 sq mi (75 km2) of territory had seceded from Australia and was no longer subject to national or state laws. A little more than a year later, Casley began making money by arranging to have postage stamps printed for sale to collectors and tourists.[100] Funded by tourism for his micronation, Casley began referring to himself as "Prince Leonard of Hutt River" and expanded to minting coins and printing currency.[101] Casley died on February 13, 2019, two years after abdicating his throne to his son Graeme Casley.[102]
  • Born:
    • Rob Riggle, American comedian known for Saturday Night Live; also a Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Marines reserve; in Louisville, Kentucky
    • Nicole Sullivan, American comedian and actress known for MADtv and for The King of Queens; in Los Angeles

April 22, 1970 (Wednesday)

  • Earth Day was celebrated in the United States for the first time. The Associated Press reported the next day, "Across the nation, trash was gathered, streets swept, ponds and parks cleaned, trees and flowers planted" as "youth joined hands with age across the generation gap".[103]
  • In a secret meeting at the White House of his
    Spiro T. Agnew made the argument for committing U.S. troops to Cambodia, the decision that Nixon ultimately adopted.[104]
  • A non-violent protest created
    San Diego, California, when college student Mario Solis saw construction crews preparing to clear a popular gathering place to build a new California Highway Patrol station in a majority Hispanic-American section of the city, Barrio Logan. Much of the neighborhood had already been razed to build Interstate Highway 5 and the San Diego–Coronado Bridge. Solis quickly organized the occupation of the site by 300 neighborhood residents,[105] and the city of San Diego and the state relented after a 12-day standoff, allowing the residents to build their own park[106]
  • Born: Regine Velasquez, best-selling Philippine singer and award-winning actress; in Manila

April 23, 1970 (Thursday)

Andorra

April 24, 1970 (Friday)

People's Republic of China
Republic of China
  • The
    People's Republic of China became the sixth nation to launch a satellite into Earth orbit, as the spacecraft Dong Fang Hong 1 was sent up using the Changzheng-1 (CZ-1) rocket (named for the Long March).[109] The 346 lb (157 kg) spacecraft, named for revolutionary song "The East Is Red", which it transmitted continuously while making an orbit of the Earth every 114 minutes.[110]
  • Chiang Ching-kuo, the future President of the Republic of China (on the island of Taiwan), was shot at by a would-be assassin as he entered the Plaza Hotel in New York City.[111] A plainclothes officer of the New York City Police Department struck the assassin's arm and the deflected shot struck the hotel's revolving door as Chiang was preparing to enter. The shooter, Peter Huang Wen-hsiung, was a Ph.D. candidate at Cornell University. He and his brother-in-law, Cheng Tzu-tsai, were arrested at the scene. Chiang, the son, and eventual successor, of Taiwanese President Chiang Kai-shek was the Vice-Premier of the island republic at the time. Cheng and Huang fled the United States after being released on bail and, after Chiang Ching-kuo's 1988 passing, would return to Taiwan in 1996.[112]
  • The West African nation of
    Gambia became a republic shortly before midnight, after certification of the results of a four day long referendum; Gambian voters approved the measure by more than the required two-thirds needed under the former British colony's constitution, with 84,968 in favor and 35,638 against[113]
  • The 452nd and final episode of the American western anthology series Death Valley Days was shown on syndicated television, bringing an end to the program after 18 seasons.[114] The series had been broadcast at different times by American television stations since October 1, 1952.

April 25, 1970 (Saturday)

  • A mutiny of the Trinidanian Army came to a peaceful end after five days, when the government of Trinidad and Tobago negotiated a surrender of the mutineers in return for amnesty.[115] On Tuesday, soldiers in Chaguaramas had seized the Teteron Barracks in the small Caribbean nation.
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning, to 400,000 owners of the "Relaxacizor", that the machine, marketed as an electrical weight-loss device, could seriously injure or even kill its users because of its process of "exercising" specific muscles with electric shocks to stimulate muscle contraction.[116] On April 14, a federal court had issued an injunction to the Eastwood General Corporation, prohibiting future sales unless the Relaxacisor was prescribed by a physician, but the order did not affect the units already sold.[117][118]
  • Born: Jason Lee, American actor, photographer, and former professional skateboarder, in Santa Ana, California
  • Died: Anita Louise, 55, American film and television actress, died suddenly at her home of a stroke[119]

April 26, 1970 (Sunday)

April 27, 1970 (Monday)

  • A five-member team of physicists at the
    californium-249
    (an isotope of element number 98) with ions of an isotope of nitrogen and concluded that it had created an isotope of 105.
  • An unidentified 58-year-old woman became the first person to receive a heart pacemaker to be powered by an atomic battery, in a four-hour operation at the Hôpital Broussais in Paris. The battery, powered by 150 micrograms of plutonium, reportedly had a life span of 10 years[124]

April 28, 1970 (Tuesday)

April 29, 1970 (Wednesday)

  • In
    FA Cup in a replay of the final, after having tied Leeds United, 2 to 2, in the 86th minute of the April 11 game. The replay, watched by a record television audience and played at Old Trafford stadium in Manchester, saw Leeds U. take a 1–0 lead in the first half, until Chelsea's Peter Osgood tied the score in the 78th minute for a 1–1 score at the end of regular play. In the 30 minute extra time period, David Webb headed the ball in at the 104th minute, after a long throw from Ian Hutchinson (whom a reporter said "can throw a ball farther than some men can kick it")[127]
  • Later in the day, England's
    Football League Cup in March to qualify, while Zabrze had taken their third straight Puchar Polski
    in the spring.
  • Born:
    • Andre Agassi, American professional tennis player, winner of eight men's Grand Slam event titles, and ATP-ranked #1 in the world six times between 1995 and 2003; in Las Vegas
    • Uma Thurman, American film actress and model; in Boston
  • Died: Charles R. Chickering, 78, American freelance artist whose designs included many of the postage stamps issued by the U.S. Department of the Post Office.

April 30, 1970 (Thursday)

  • In a nationally televised address, U.S. President Nixon announced that he had sent 2,000 American combat troops into Cambodia and was ordering U.S. B-52 bombers to begin airstrikes. In addition, Nixon reversed an April 20 announcement that he would withdraw 150,000 troops from Vietnam over the next year, in effect providing that there would again be a need to draft young American men to maintain the current level. Despite appearances, Nixon told viewers, "This is not an invasion of Cambodia." Instead, Nixon explained, the attacks were upon territory in Cambodia that were "completely occupied and controlled by North Vietnamese forces." By the time the President's speech started at 9:00 in the evening Washington time, the U.S. operations in Cambodia had already been underway for two hours.[129][130]
  • Born: Halit Ergenç, Turkish TV, film and stage actor; in Istanbul
  • Died: Inger Stevens, 35, Swedish-born American film and TV actress; of suicide by barbiturate overdose[131]

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