Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Europe)
Albania
Guantanamo Bay detainees
After accepting five
Austria
Foreign policy
U.S. diplomats criticised the Austrian government—and especially Austria Chancellor Werner Faymann, and minister of defence Norbert Darabos—for the lack of interest in foreign policy. Foreign minister Michael Spindelegger is criticised for only caring about the expansion of the Austrian economy.[2]
Secret business deals with North Korea and Iran
Further contacts between Austrian banks and Iran and North Korea are criticised.[3] Austrian companies supplied Iran with high-tech equipment for its nuclear program. At the same time government officials helped disclose the deals by secretly passing on that information to the U.S. embassy.[4]
Baltic countries
Operation Eagle Guardian
The three
Belgium
Defense
Mails from the American embassy in
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Office of the High Representative
- The French government pushed for the closure of the Office of the High Representative despite conditions not being met, in opposition to the U.S.[8]
- The United Kingdom nominated Sir Emyr Jones Parry as the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.[9][10]
Use of the term "genocide"
U.S. and Turkish officials pressured Haris Silajdžić, a former member of the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to ease his rhetoric and desist from using the word "genocide" in relation to Serbs.[11]
Ahtisaari plan
Bulgaria
Soccer clubs owned by the Mafia
According to a cable from the
Croatia
S-300 missile
A cable written by the
Czech Republic
Missile Defense
The missile defense system that America was thinking about putting in the Czech Republic would not have been able to shoot down Russian nuclear missiles.[16]
Denmark
Roj TV
Former
France
Mistral-class helicopter carrier
Sarkozy's deal to sell the high-tech Mistral-class helicopter carrier model to Russia was met with criticism from US analysts, who stated that "bad political signal [which] detracted from President Sarkozy's personal engagement to resolve the Georgian crisis of 2008."[18]
Industrial espionage
Of all countries, France conducts the most industrial espionage on European countries, causing more economic damage to the German economy than espionage from China or Russia.[19]
Germany
Data sharing[clarification needed]
A number of cables from the U.S. embassy in
Guido Westerwelle
U.S. embassy personnel were very critical of German foreign minister Guido Westerwelle. American diplomats have criticized his ineffectiveness, stating that "he's no Genscher".[23] An embassy cable sent from Berlin on 22 September 2009 describes Westerwelle as having an "exuberant personality" and calling him an "enigma" who "remains sceptical about the US".[24]
Khalid El-Masri
American officials warned Germany in 2007 not to enforce arrest warrants for
Cabinet Merkel II
It is revealed that the U.S. had an informant in the coalition talks between the
Iceland
WikiLeaks played a major role during the
Ireland
Shannon Airport and the United States armed forces
A 2006 memo on Ireland featured when on 1 December 2010 it was revealed that American diplomats discussed the Irish government's attempts to oppose American military use of Shannon Airport before Ireland's 2007 general election. After this release Amnesty International asked the Irish government to tighten its legislation to control the use of Irish airspace by the Americans. Colm O'Gorman, the organisation's executive director in Ireland, observed that concerns expressed by Irish citizens over the misuse of the airport by the Americans was "a problem to be managed rather than something to be taken seriously".[29]
According to a 2006 diplomatic cable sent from the U.S. embassy in Ireland, "the Irish Government has informally begun to place constraints on US military transits" at Shannon Airport. The Irish government attempted to limit the transfer of weapons from the U.S. to Israel via the Shannon Airport.
Murphy Report
The
Gerry Adams
A cable sent from Dublin suggested that the Irish Government had "rock solid evidence" that Gerry Adams was a member of the IRA military command structure, and Bertie Ahern believes Adams had advance knowledge of the 2004 Northern Bank robbery; claims that Mr Adams has continually denied.[34][35][36]
Italy
Italy-Russia relations
American officials voiced concerns over Silvio Berlusconi's relationship with Vladimir Putin, "including 'lavish gifts,' lucrative energy contracts and a 'shadowy' Russian-speaking Italian go-between". Diplomats consider him "to be the mouthpiece of Putin" in Europe.[25]
Italy–Kosovo relations
Berlusconi is alleged to have not supported
Natural gas pipelines
The
Foreign policy
Berlusconi's foreign policy is seen as chaotic, meddling with critical themes and "complicating international efforts" in matters such as Iranian nuclear crisis, relationship with Russia and G8 policies.[39]
Narcotics
The Italian mafia, particularly the Camorra, sell drugs manufactured in Afghanistan. Some of these drugs are sold in America. Some of the profits from these drug sales support terrorists groups in Afghanistan.[40]
Netherlands
American nuclear weapons
Although considered an open secret, it has been established by WikiLeaks that the U.S. has
Communications infrastructure
The Port of Rotterdam and the coastal towns of Beverwijk and Katwijk are seen as part of many critical points in a logistic chain. In Beverwijk, the Atlantic Crossing cable number 1 (AC-1), a cable that transports speech and data traffic between the U.S., the U.K., the Netherlands and Germany, meets shore, while in Katwijk the TransAtlantic Telephone cable number 14 (TAT-14), meets shore. The latter is mostly vital for data and internet traffic.[42]
Narcotics
Criminals transport drugs, in particular cocaine, into Europe through the Netherlands. They also produce extensive quantities of amphetamines and MDMA ("ecstasy") in the Netherlands. That output is both consumed within the Netherlands and exported to other countries. One of the export targets is America. Excluding domestic production, America imports nearly all of its ecstasy from the Netherlands.[43]
Norway
Surveillance Detection Unit
The Surveillance Detection Unit row, caused by US embassy personnel conducting secret surveillance on host country citizens and inhabitants.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
F-35 contract: lobbying for the Lockheed Martin plane and with an eye on further contracts, the US Ambassadors to Sweden and Norway recommended export license blocks and high-level advocacy, warning that an adverse decision would 'weaken one of the strongest pillars of our bilateral relationship' and damage Norway's long-term interests.[44][45] In the aftermath of the decision, the Norwegian Deputy Defense Minister said it would be 'very helpful' if the US government were to confirm there had been no political pressure to buy the plane.[46][47]
Poland
MIM-104 Patriot
The diplomatic cables reveal the U.S. army
Portugal
- According to a 28 July 2008 diplomatic cable from the U.S. Embassy in Lisbon, nuclear and/or radiological materials allegedly stolen from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant were thought to be in possession of an unidentified ex-Russian general living in Portugal. The cable reports, "The walk-in stated he was approached two months ago by a part-time business associate named Orlando to help sell 'Uranium plates' owned by an unidentified ex-Russian General living in Portugal."[50]
Romania
- Former European Commissioner for External Relations Chris Patten was quoted saying in 2004 that Croatia was probably far more prepared for E.U. membership than either Bulgaria or Romania, adding that Romania, in particular, was a "feral nation".[51]
- The U.S. Embassy in Paris informs about a talk between Pierre Moscovici and Victoria Nuland, U.S. Ambassador to NATO. The 2006 cable reads that Moscovici said that Romania and Bulgaria will join the EU in 2007 but the joining will be accompanied by heated debates.[52]
- A 2007 cable presents a discussion among American and French diplomats. One of the French diplomats comment that Russians could argue that American military bases in Bulgaria and Romania are destined not only for trainings but also for new implementations. The comment is not explained nor commented.[52]
- A 2009 cable presents information for FBI director Robert Mueller reading that France is a destination of "prostitute victims"[clarification needed] and Romania appears as a supplier of prostitutes[52]
- On 5 February 2009 Hillary Clinton meets French Foreign Affairs Bernard Kouchner and talks include a mention that Romania and Poland were completely cut off from the energy policy.[52]
Russia
- A diplomatic cable reports on alleged links between the Russian government and
- Diplomats were highly skeptical of Putin's claim that he knew nothing about Alexander Litvinenko's poisoning.[citation needed]
- U.S. dispatches had apparently reported as early as 2007 that Russia had provided
- Russian leaders, in response to the Holodomor, a massive famine in Ukraine that killed millions that some attribute to allegedly deliberate policies by the Soviet government at the time, sent a letter by Medvedev to Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev telling him that if Azerbaijan supported the designation of the Bolshevik artificial famine in Ukraine as "genocide" at the U.N., "then you can forget about seeing [the break-away republic of] Nagorno-Karabakh ever again."[58]
- Russian prison system: in a 2008 cable, the US ambassador summarized the status quo: 'The Russian prison system combines the country's emblematic features—vast distances, harsh climate, and an uncaring bureaucracy—and fuses them into a massive instrument of punishment.'[59]
- Yukos/Khodorkovsky trial: suggesting that the legal process was only 'gloss', the US has described his trial as 'lipstick on a political pig'.[60]
- Serbian government officials have privately told American diplomats in Belgrade that Russia may be withholding vital information about the whereabouts of the fugitive Bosnian Serb general and genocide suspect, Ratko Mladić.[61]
- At the 4 April 2008,
- In a January 2009 US diplomatic cable (then) Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko as someone perhaps not that he can trust, but with whom he can deal.[63]
Chechnya
- Reports that Ramzan Kadyrov, the Chechnyan leader, "showered" his friends at a wedding with gold.[64]
- Reports from an unnamed, non-Chechen source in Moscow that the Kremlin-appointed Chechen leadership was "lacking experts to develop programs for economic recovery, is simply demanding and disposing of cash from the central government."[65]
- Chris Patten, the former European Commissioner for External Relations, apparently said of Putin, "He seems a completely reasonable man when discussing the Middle East or energy policy, but when the conversation shifts to Chechnya or Islamic extremism, Putin's eyes turn to those of a killer."[citation needed]
Dagestan
- Reports on the lavish lifestyle of the Dagestani elites.[65]
- Concerns about increasing levels of Islamic fundamentalism.[65]
Serbia and Kosovo
- In 2009, French diplomat Jean-David Levitte said that EULEX Kosovo has diplomatic issues with the Kosovo government and public, and that Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić, "makes promises that he never keeps". He also criticised Jeremić for inaction in encouraging "Serb return or participation in the Kosovo government".[citation needed]
- The U.S. had sent a team of U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation experts in fugitive recovery to Belgrade to help the manhunt for Mladić and assess the Serbian operations.[66]
- The Guardian suggested that cables regarding Serbia awaiting publication could refer to reasons why
Slovenia
- According to the cables, the U.S. State Department ordered diplomats to spy on their War in Afghanistan.[68]
- According to another cable documents written in October 2009 and signed by Hillary Clinton, the U.S. was pressuring Slovene officials to hurry with the negotiations and allow Croatia to enter NATO, and threatened that in opposite scenario United States are going to "pour wrath upon Slovenia".[69]
Spain
- U.S. officials tried to pressure Spain into dropping court investigations into the CIA's extraordinary rendition, torture at Guantanamo Bay, and the 2003 killing of José Couso, a Spanish journalist, in Iraq by American troops.[70][71] Moreover, politicians such as the former Deputy Prime Minister María Teresa Fernández de la Vega and the former Minister of Foreign Affairs Miguel Ángel Moratinos, the Attorney General Cándido Conde-Pumpido and Audiencia Nacional judge Javier Gómez Bermúdez, among others, also collaborated with U.S. officials in the above cases and in forcing the downfall of Audiencia Nacional judge Baltasar Garzón.
- Former KGB and FSB agent and Putin critic Alexander Litvinenko, who was poisoned in London in 2006, tipped off Spanish authorities on several organised crime bosses with links to Spain.[72]
Sweden
- According to U.S. Ambassador to Sweden, writes in the leaked cable that this cooperation would not pass a parliamentary hearing, and that it could be unconstitutional. Nevertheless, he recommended to stick with the secret practice. Swedish Minister for Justice Beatrice Ask claimed she had no knowledge of this type of cooperation.[73]
- The U.S. government was very concerned about file-sharing-related issues in Sweden. The U.S. Embassy actively worked with the Swedish authorities to reduce file-sharing-related threats, including The Pirate Bay, a Swedish website, which was raided in 2006 following U.S. pressure. The diplomatic cables reveal how the U.S. pressured Sweden, despite the Swedish prosecutors' claim that there had been no political interference.[74][75]
- The Surveillance Detection Unit row, caused by US embassy personnel conducting secret surveillance on host country citizens and inhabitants. Shortly after the initial report in Norway, the Swedish government confirmed[76] that similar secret surveillance of residents of Stockholm had been sponsored by the U.S. Embassy there, and Justice Minister Beatrice Ask said that the authorities had yet to be adequately informed.[77] She described the situation as "very serious".[78] The Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat referred to 2000 Swedes under surveillance by the US Embassy's SDU in Stockholm.[78]
- Saab Gripen fighter contracts: lobbying successfully for the Lockheed Martin F-35 against the Gripen for the Norwegian Air Force, and with an eye also on further contracts with the Danish Air Force, the US Ambassador rehearsed the Swedish case for the release and installation of a US radar system in its planes (involvement in Afghanistan, Kosovo, Iraq; enhanced cooperation with NATO) before recommending an export license block be placed on the new system prior to the Norwegian decision.[47][79]
Switzerland
- According to cables[Uighurs.[80] The negotiations took place in foreign ministers meeting February 2009 and it was also agreed that the Swiss government would shut down Swedish engineering firm Colenco's commercial activities out of concern for nuclear proliferation in Iran.[81]
Turkey
Exclusion of India in meetings
Turkey did not invite India for a meeting on Afghanistan to appease Pakistan, reflecting Islamabad's insistence at every international forum that India be kept out of any meeting on Afghanistan.[82][83]
Roj TV
Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York
Turkey complained to British diplomats that Sarah, Duchess of York wanted to ruin Turkey's chances to join the European Union by filming a documentary revealing the plight of disabled children in Turkey. The U.K. foreign secretary responded by saying that "as a private citizen, her activities could not 'be controlled'".[84]
Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI wanted Muslim Turkey kept out of E.U. The Pope is responsible for the Vatican's growing hostility towards Turkey joining the E.U., previously secret cables sent from the U.S. embassy to the Holy See in Rome claim. The U.S. diplomat noted that the Pope "clearly understands that allowing a Muslim country into the E.U. would further weaken his case for Europe's Christian foundations".[85]
Azerbaijan-Turkey relations
Claim of weapons to Iraq cable
Prior to the initial WikiLeaks cable release,
Predator drones
Turkish military officials have pressured the U.S. for
Incirlik Air Base
Turkey's Incirlik Air Base was used by the CIA to move Muslim detainees under Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan's watch.[89]
Ukraine
- At the 4 April 2008, NATO-Russia Council Summit in Bucharest, Romania, Vladimir Putin, President of Russia, "implicitly challenged" the territorial integrity of Ukraine.[62]
- In an 8 December 2008 meeting with Semyon Mogilevich to do business in Ukraine during the lawless 1990s; Firtash has denied the remarks.[90] Allegedly, Gazprom, a Russian natural-gas extraction company, had asked Mogilevich to oversee natural-gas deliveries from Russia to Ukraine via gas intermediary RosUkrEnergo. All parties deny connections with Mogilevich.[90] Firtash also claimed to be friends with Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine.[91]
- Other cables said Firtash and Mogilevich were linked through ostensible offshore company vehicles either by joint ownership through former spouses or through Firtash heading companies in which Mogilevich's former spouse was the shareholder.[92] It was also suspected that Raiffeisen Zentralbank, an Austrian-based bank, was a front to legitimize RosUkrEnergo.[92]
- The U.S. is fighting a constant battle to stop the flow of arms from Ukraine and other Eastern European countries to terrorists in the Middle East[citation needed] and Southern Sudan.[93]
- According to a former tenders.[94] Tymoshenko's Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc (BYuT) and Party of Regions have been long-time political rivals.[95]
- In a January 2009 US diplomatic cable (then) Ambassador of Ukraine to Russia Kostyantyn Gryshchenko stated that Kremlin leaders wanted to see a totally subservient to Moscow regency in Ukraine and that Putin "hated" then-President Yushchenko and had a low personal regard for Viktor Yanukovych but saw then-Prime Minister Tymoshenko as someone perhaps not that he can trust, but with whom he can deal.[96]
United Kingdom
Diego Garcia and Chagos Islanders
Cluster bombs
U.K. Foreign Office officials concealed from
Rapid Action Battalion
The United Kingdom has assisted in training the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) an elite anti-crime and anti-terrorism unit of Bangladesh Police which is described by the Human Rights Watch as a "government death squad". It was held responsible for more than 1000 extrajudicial killings. The British training was involved in "investigative interviewing techniques" and "rules of engagement" and conducted by serving British police officers, working under the auspices of the National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA). However, the U.S. has been aware of this training sessions but its government was constrained by RAB's "alleged human rights violations, which have rendered the organisation ineligible to receive training or assistance [by U.S.]".[101]
Iraq Inquiry
The
Sri Lankan Civil War
RAF Akrotiri
The U.S. dismissed U.K. concerns about the use of RAF Akrotiri to stage U-2 spy plane flights.[104]
Lockerbie bombing
The British government secretly supported the early release of
Finsbury Park Mosque
A group of U.S. officials took a tour of the Finsbury Park Mosque on November 6, 2007. The membership of that mosque became radicalized sometime around the year 2000. According to one official at the mosque, Abu Hamza al-Masri was able to turn the mosque into a safe haven for extremists. In an attempt to rectify the situation, the mosque gave him an eviction notice, but al-Masri refused to leave. The mosque also informed the police of the situation, but much to their chagrin, the police did nothing about it until 2003 when they arrested al-Masri.[108]
Vatican City/Holy See
U.K.–Vatican relations
Relations between the U.K. and the Vatican "were facing their worst crisis in 150 years" because of Pope Benedict XVI's invitation to convert followers of the Church of England who opposed female priests.[109]
Accession of Turkey to the European Union
According to
Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance, and Research
The Vatican withdrew from a written agreement to join
2007 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel
U.S. diplomats believed the Pope was instrumental in securing the release of 15 British sailors captured and held by Iran in 2007.[114]
Murphy report
Vatican officials were offended when their fellow priests were summoned from Rome to testify before an Irish commission investigating the
Communication technology
Vatican communication technology within the Pope's inner circle is not up to modern standards, as evident by several communication mishaps during Benedict's papacy. Few Vatican officials have e-mail accounts, and only one has a BlackBerry. "Most of the top ranks of the Vatican, all men, generally in their seventies, do not understand modern media and new information technologies" reported Julieta Valls Noyes, the Deputy Chief of Mission of the U.S. Embassy to the Holy See.[118][119]
Pope Benedict XVI
After the election of Pope Benedict XVI, US diplomats recommended that the US Department of State seek to 'help shape his approach as he begins to grapple with the world beyond the Vatican's walls'.[120]
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite news}}
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(help)
External links
- Secret US Embassy Cables by WikiLeaks
- The US embassy cables by The Guardian
- State's Secrets by The New York Times
- WikiLeaks Diplomatic Cables Archived 2010-12-01 at the Wayback Machine by Der Spiegel
- Dedicated News Website
- Dutch Wikileaks Mirror by WikiLeaks
- Cablesearch.org Full text search of released cables.