May 1922

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May 30, 1922: U.S. President Harding dedicates the Lincoln Memorial
May 24, 1922: Soviet Communist Party leader Vladimir Lenin debilitated by first of several strokes
Sculpture of Lincoln unveiled [1]

The following events occurred in May 1922:

May 1, 1922 (Monday)

  • Deruluft (Deutsch-Russische Luftverkehrs A.G.), an international air carrier started jointly by the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union, flew for the first time, with a flight from the Soviet city of Moscow to the German Prussian city of Königsberg, with stops in the Russian city of Smolensk and the Lithuanian city of Kaunas.[2]
  • It was Budget Day in the United Kingdom. Chancellor of the Exchequer Robert Horne estimated a surplus of £38 million and cut 1 shilling off income tax and 4 pence off a pound of tea, as well as lowering postal and telephone rates.[3][4]
  • Korean children's author
    Bang Jeong-Hwan and seven other people established the first "Children's Day" in Japanese-occupied Korea. After Korea's liberation from Japan, observance of Eorininal (어린이날) the occasion would be moved to May 5, and would become a South Korean national holiday
    beginning May 5, 1975.
  • CKOC, the oldest continuously operating radio station in Canada, went on the air in Hamilton, Ontario.[5]
  • Born:

May 2, 1922 (Tuesday)

May 3, 1922 (Wednesday)

General Zhang Zuolin
General Wu Peifu

May 4, 1922 (Thursday)

  • The city of Austin, capital of the U.S. state of Texas, was hit by two different tornadoes in the space of half an hour.[10] The first one, an F2 storm, passed through a largely rural area on the west side of Austin, and largely distracted people from the formation of a second, more powerful F4 storm that swept through the eastern half of the city, and killed at least 12 people.[11]
  • Outside of
    posse to hunt down the assailant under the assumption that she had been killed by a black person.[12][13][14]
  • Born:
    • Eugenie Clark, American ichthyologist, conservationist and marine biologist, in New York City (d. 2015)
    • Philip Lett, American mechanical engineer who oversaw the development of the M1 Abrams tank
      (d. 2014)
    • Odette L. Shotwell, American organic chemist and handicapped polio survivor who developed the antibiotics azacolutin and duramycin; in Wiley, Colorado (d. 1998)
Kingissep

May 5, 1922 (Friday)

  • Around Kirvin, Texas, an African-American suspect was arrested in connection with the Ausley murder. The county sheriff attempted to drive the suspect to Waco, but a gathering lynch mob blocked the road so he drove him to the county jail in Fairfield instead. There the suspect allegedly confessed and implicated two other African-American men who were also arrested. The white mob soon gathered around the Fairfield jail and demanded the prisoners be handed over.[12][13]
  • Born:

May 6, 1922 (Saturday)

  • The First Zhili–Fengtian War appeared to have ended in a Zhili clique victory. Wu Peifu ordered the arrest of several prominent officials, including Liang Shiyi.[15][16]
  • Snap Curry, Mose Jones and Johnny Cornish. the three African-American suspects in the murder of a 17-year-old white girl, Eula Ausley Ausley murder were taken from the Fairfield County jail by a white lynch mob (accounts vary as to whether the police handed them over willingly or not) and brought back to Kirvin. They were then burned alive in the middle of the town square at about 5:00 in the morning.[17] Several weeks of race-related violence and murders ensued.[12][13][14] Burning at the stake was carried against other accused African-Americans during the month, including May 18 and May 20.[18]
  • The construction of Yankee Stadium began in New York.[19][20]
  • KZN in Salt Lake City, went on the air.[21]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Maharaja of Kolhapur, a princely state that is now part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. He was succeeded by his son, who became the Maharaja Rajaram III
      .
    • Henry P. Davison, 54, American banker, philanthropist and financier who oversaw the raising of donations to the American Red Cross during World War I, died while undergoing surgery to remove a brain tumor.[22][23]

May 7, 1922 (Sunday)

May 8, 1922 (Monday)

  • Eight Russian priests, two laymen and a woman, all in the town of
    resisting the state confiscation of church property and for alleged participation in disturbances.[25] Although Vladimir Lenin demanded execution and Leon Trotsky concurred, Soviet Communist Politburo member Lev Kamenev intervened in the sentence, saving the lives of the three laypersons and three of the priests.[26]
  • Born:
  • Died: Vincent Morrelli (Vincenzo Terranova), 45, Italian-born American gangster and underboss of the Morello crime family in New York City, was shot to death in a drive-by shooting near his home in Manhattan.[28]

May 9, 1922 (Tuesday)

May 10, 1922 (Wednesday)

May 11, 1922 (Thursday)

May 12, 1922 (Friday)

May 13, 1922 (Saturday)

  • The Council of the League of Nations voted to assume a protectorate over Albania after the government of the Balkan nation requested the League to take responsibility for its international affairs.[48]
  • The Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes, now both events in the Triple Crown of thoroughbred horse racing in the United States, were run on the same day for the second (the other one was in 1917), and last time.[49] Morvich won the Derby [50] and Pillory won the Preakness.
  • Romantic film leading man
    Winifred Hudnut, the art director in his film Camille, were married in Mexico in Mexicali. Although Valentino had gotten a divorce from his first wife, Jean Acker, Valentino was arrested for bigamy because California law at the time required parties to wait one year after a divorce decree before getting remarried.[51]
  • L'horizon chimérique, the last full concert work by French composer Gabriel Fauré, premiered in Paris at the Société nationale de musique, as a four-act song cycle sung by baritone Charles Panzéra, accompanied on the piano by his wife, Magdeleine Panzéra-Baillot. The event was preceded by the premiere of Fauré's Second Cello Sonata, based on the funeral march composed by Fauré to mark the centennial of the 1821 death of Napoleon.
  • Polish composer Karol Szymanowski's opera Hagith premiered at the Teatr Wialki, the opera theater in Warsaw.
  • Born:
    • Otl Aicher, German graphic designer known for his design of symbols used in airports and in sports; in Ulm, (d. 1991)
    • Bea Arthur, Emmy Award-winning American TV actress known for Maude and The Golden Girls; as Bernice Frankel, in New York City (d. 2009)
    • William Duff, Scottish banker and a chief financial advisor to the ruler of Dubai, Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum in the economic growth of the United Arab Emirates; as William MacDuff in Singapore, British Straits Settlements (d. 2014)
    • Gladys Heldman, American tennis player and publisher who founded World Tennis magazine and campaigned for the promotion and advancement of women's professional tennis; as Gladys Medalie in New York City (d. 2003)

May 14, 1922 (Sunday)

  • Italian Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini fought a sword duel with a rival newspaper editor over differences arising in their respective newspapers. Mussolini was declared the victor.[52]
  • Tusko, billed by the Al G. Barnes Circus as "the largest elephant ever in captivity" as well as "The Meanest Elephant", escaped from the circus an hour before its show was to begin in the town of Sedro-Woolley, Washington, and went on a rampage, knocking down telephone poles, wrecking automobiles, uprooting trees and knocking down fences.[53] Damages were estimated at the time as $20,000 (equivalent to about $325,000 in 2021).[54]
  • Copa del Rey Final
    .
  • In the only season that Italy's soccer football system was split between two rival leagues, both the
    Sampierdarenese
    , who had played a 0–0 draw on the first leg of their series, played another 0–0 draw. In the tiebreaker on May 21, Novese beat Sampdoria to win the CIGC title, 2 to 1.
  • Born: Franjo Tuđman, the first President of Croatia (1990 to 1999); in Veliko Trgovišće, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (d. 1999)
  • Died: Eugenie Blair, 50, American stage actress, died moments after completing her performance of the role of "Marthy Owen, the water woman" in the play Anna Christie, at the Cort Theatre in Chicago. Blair appeared despite feeling unwell, and delivered her lines at the beginning of the play. She complained of a terrible headache, and the star, Pauline Lord, offered to call a doctor and send an understudy to substitute for Blair, who said that she would "stick it out" and make the second appearance in the play. "Gamely she went back before the footlights, and though her face twitched with pain, went through the lines", The New York Times wrote. After she came off stage, she sat down in a chair and died.[55]

May 15, 1922 (Monday)

May 16, 1922 (Tuesday)

RMS Majestic

May 17, 1922 (Wednesday)

  • The British Army formally handed over possession of its Portobello Barracks, in the Dublin suburb of Rathmines, to the Irish Free State Army in a ceremony at 3:00 in the afternoon, bringing a formal end to Britain's military presence in southern Ireland.[64] On behalf of the British, Major Clarke of the Worcestershire Regiment handed the document of transfer to Commandant-General Tom Ennis and said "This is your show now."[65] The barracks now houses the Irish Military Archives for Ireland's Department of Defence.
  • The British city of Manchester was introduced to radio as the Metropolitan-Vickers Company began broadcasting from station 2ZY. It would begin regular broadcasting on November 15, 1922, and is now BBC Radio Manchester.[66]
  • The periodic Comet Grigg–Skjellerup, initially observed by New Zealand astronomer John Grigg was "rediscovered" and confirmed as periodic by Frank Skjellerup, an Australian-born telegraph operator in South Africa who was also an amateur astronomer.[67]
  • Kenelm Lee Guinness established a new land speed record of 133.75 miles per hour (215.25 km/h) driving a 350 hp Sunbeam car at Brooklands.[68]
  • Died:
    • Dorothy Levitt, 40, British race car driver and aviator who became known as "The Fastest Girl on Earth" for the fastest speed driven by a woman in 1906 in reaching 86 miles per hour (138 km/h). Levitt was found dead at her home from what was deemed an accidental overdose ("death by misadventure") of morphine.[69]
    • Manuel Granero, 20, Spanish bullfighter already famous in Spain for his success, was killed by the bull "Pocapena" in Madrid.[70] According to witnesses, Granero was thrown against the wall of the bullring, then gored three times by the bull's horns, with the third goring tearing through his right eye into his skull. Ernest Hemingway would make reference to the incident in his 1932 book Death in the Afternoon,[71] and Georges Bataille would make it a feature in his novel Story of the Eye.[72]

May 18, 1922 (Thursday)

President Harding on the radio

May 19, 1922 (Friday)

Representatives of nations at the Genoa Conference
A group of Young Pioneers in 1983

May 20, 1922 (Saturday)

May 21, 1922 (Sunday)

The route of Mallory, Norton and Somervell upper left side [96]

May 22, 1922 (Monday)

  • William J. Twaddell, a member of parliament for Northern Ireland, was shot and killed by the Irish Republican Army while walking to work. Three men followed the M.P. as he walked along Garfield Street in Belfast toward his drapery business on North Street and, "When he was within fifty yards of his premises", the three assailants fired at him with their revolvers, then fled while firing at any pursuers.[101] His death resulted in the arrest of 350 known IRA members during the investigation, but the only person put on trial would be acquitted of all charges.
  • London recorded its hottest May temperature in 50 years with a mark of 32.8 degrees Celsius (91 degrees Fahrenheit).[3][102]
  • An attempt by rebels to overthrow the government of Nicaragua failed after an intervention by U.S. Marines occupying the Central American nation. The rebels, led by General Arcenio Cruz, seized La Loma, a fortress overlooking the capital of Managua but the commander of a detachment of Marines encamped at Campo de Marte approached Cruz and warned him that "the marine force would not hesitate to use its artillery for the protection of American interests, the American Legation and the city" [103] Within eight hours, the rebels surrendered after the American Minister to Nicaragua worked out an agreement with the government to pardon any civilians who had participated in the rebellion and to limit punishment of members of the military to no more than 30 days imprisonment.
  • Born:
  • Died: Ada Jones, 48, English-born American singer and (starting in 1893) one of the first recording artists in the world, died of kidney failure.[104]

May 23, 1922 (Tuesday)

  • Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Soviet Union's Communist Party and premier of the USSR, suffered the first of three strokes, and was rendered paralyzed on his left side and unable to speak. A confirmation was made by the Soviet government on June 3, with a statement from Lenin's physicians that Lenin's illness was a minor disorder of the blood circulation which, however, within the next few days, began to improve."Lenin suffered a second stroke on June 1, prompting officials to return from a conference in Berlin to Moscow.[105][106] He would remain inactive until October.[3]
  • On the day after the assassination of Northern Ireland M.P. William Twaddell, the government of Northern Ireland, led by Sir James Craig, issued a declaration outlawing the Irish Republican Army, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Irish Volunteers and the women's and youth's society Cumann na mBan and warned that persons joining any of the four organizations advocating independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland would be liable to be arrested and prosecuted. At the same time, Sinn Féin was outlawed in the six Irish counties that constituted Northern Ireland[3] and the Ulster government began a roundup of Sinn Féin members, serving arrest warrants on 300 people between midnight and dawn and imprisoning them.[107]
  • Abie's Irish Rose, the most popular Broadway theatre play of the 1920s, was premiered at the Fulton Theatre in New York City with the first of 2,327 performances. Closing on October 21, 1927, Abie's Irish Rose would hold the record for the longest-running Broadway show until surpassed by Tobacco Road.[108]
  • Harry Greb won the American light heavyweight boxing championship from the previously undefeated Gene Tunney in what was literally one of the bloodiest bouts in boxing history. Despite bleeding profusely from a gash over his left eye, and having his nose broken, Tunney continued to fight for the full 15 rounds, and refused to quit. Referee Kid McPartland refused to stop the fight without Tunney's approval and the ring at Madison Square Garden was spattered as Tunney lost an estimated two quarts of blood.[109]
  • Geoffrey Bruce, the lead mountaineers on the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition, became the first persons to climb to an altitude of more than 27,000 feet and more than 8,000 meters, reaching 27,300 feet (8,300 m) on the north ridge of Mount Everest, and coming within less than 2,000 feet or 550 meters of the summit of the world's tallest (29,031.7 feet (8,848.9 m)) mountain.[110]
  • WDAY of Fargo, North Dakota, the first licensed radio station in that state, went on the air.[30]
  • Born:
    Microeledone mangoldi (the "sickle-tooth pygmy octopus") and the whip-lash squidAsperoteuthis mangoldae
    are named in her honor.
  • Died: Leona Dare (stage name for Leona Adelaire Stewart), 67, American trapeze artist and acrobat who was popular worldwide in the 19th century during the 1870s and 1880s for her daring feats, including performing on a trapeze while at high altitude after ascending by balloon.[111]

May 24, 1922 (Wednesday)

  • The first use of binding arbitration in the United States, as a substitute for a civil trial in court, took place at a conference room of the New York City Lawyers' Club at 115 Broadway as the state of New York's Arbitration Act went into effect. The very first case was a dispute between business partners Benjamin H. Lee and Jesse M. Barrymore over the amount of $130, which The New York Times described as "so small that it would be eaten up in court costs and lawyers' fees no matter how quickly it was decided." The first arbitrator, agreed upon by the parties, was a private attorney, Alexander Rose, and was notable for requiring no lawyers to represent the parties and costing only $10 for a 75-minute hearing.[112]
  • Italy and Soviet Russia signed a two-year commercial treaty in Rome. Russia later refused to ratify it.[113][114][115]
  • Eucharistic Congress in Rome with 30,000 people taking part in the opening ceremony.[116]
  • Ten German Navy sailors aboard the torpedo boat T-18 were killed when the boat collided with the battleship Hannover.[117]
  • The unlucky Green Star Steamship freighter SS Eurana arrived back in New York after departing in September 1920 to Baltimore and then toward Singapore, stopping for major problems with turbines and boilers at Honolulu for three months, then Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Indonesia and Sri Lanka (where feed pumps and condenser tubes slowed the ship) then to Aden for more repairs before going through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean and finally to the Atlantic and a return to New York.[citation needed]
  • Died: John B. Rae, 83, U.S. labor leader and the first President of the United Mine Workers of America, from 1890 to 1892

May 25, 1922 (Thursday)

  • A general strike was called in Rome in protest against the disorders in San Lorenzo. Thousands of pilgrims attending the Eucharistic Congress had to walk to St. Peter's Basilica to hear the Mass because all public transportation was shut down.[118]
  • Babe Ruth was ejected for the first time from a baseball game as a member of the New York Yankees. Only six days after returning from a five-week suspension, Ruth was playing against the Washington Senators (which the Yankees won, 6 to 4) at the Polo Grounds. He had thrown dirt in the face of umpire George Hildebrand after being called out at second base while trying to stretch a single into a double. Ejected from the game, Ruth was heckled by a fan the way to the dugout, and "in a flash he vaulted to the roof of the dugout, clambered through a box filled with people and started up the aisle in the direction of his tormentor" who "put several rows between him and the Babe and from this point of safety listened to a series of scathing remarks from the irate player." After Ruth left, the Pullman conductor who shouted the remarks and refused to give his name, left the park after being asked by the Yankees' management to go.[119] Ruth was fined $200 and suspended for one game.[120]
  • Born: Enrico Berlinguer, Italian Communist Party leader from 1972 until his death; in Sassari (d. 1984)
  • Died: Roy Redgrave, 49, English stage actor and Australian silent film actor, and the first member of the Redgrave acting dynasty as father of Michael Redgrave, grandfather of Vanessa Redgrave, Lynn Redgrave and Corin Redgrave, and great-grandfather of Liam Neeson died in Australia after deserting his family.

May 26, 1922 (Friday)

May 27, 1922 (Saturday)

May 28, 1922 (Sunday)

May 29, 1922 (Monday)

May 30, 1922 (Tuesday)

President Harding addressing the crowd
  • The Lincoln Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., on Memorial Day, with U.S. President Warren G. Harding praising President Abraham Lincoln. Construction of the building, designed by architect Henry Bacon, had started in 1912 and then was halted by World War I before resuming. "For ten years this white marble shrine with its massive Doric columns", The New York Times noted, "has been slowly rising on the banks of the Potomac at the western end of the Mall, where once there was a dismal, marshy waste."[135][136] Robert Todd Lincoln, the late President's 78-year-old son and only surviving descendant, appeared as a special guest at the dedication.[137] As part of the ceremony, the Memorial's centerpiece, sculptor Daniel Chester French's large marble statue of President Lincoln was unveiled to the public. Carved by the Piccirilli Brothers per French's design, the statue of Lincoln in an armchair is 19 feet (5.8 m) in height and sits on an 11 feet (3.4 m) high pedestal for a total height of 30 feet (9.1 m).
  • Germany mourned the loss of its territory in Upper Silesia by lowering flags outside the Reichstag Building to half mast, and most of the members of parliament wore black as they met to vote in favor of ratifying the German treaty with Poland. "It was the blackest day in the Reichstag's history today", Cyril Brown wrote in The New York Times, adding "This is a historic day, for Germany's eastward revanche dream dates from it officially."[138]
  • The Latvian government and the Vatican signed a concordat in which the Latvian government agreed to allow freedom for the Roman Catholic Church in Latvia, in return for instructions from the Vatican to all Catholic bishops. The treaty was signed in Rome by Latvian Foreign Minister Zigfrids A. Meierovics and the Vatican's treasurer, Cardinal Pietro Gasparri.[139]
  • Jimmy Murphy won the Indianapolis 500. Murphy set a new record for the race, averaging 94.484 miles per hour (152.057 km/h) in driving 500 miles in 5 hours, 17 minutes and 30.79 seconds and breaking the 1915 record set by Ralph DePalma by more than 16 minutes.[140]
  • Born:

May 31, 1922 (Wednesday)

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  7. .
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