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	Musk speaks of his early business experience during a 2014 commencement speech at USC on YouTube

Elon Musk
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Elon Musk FRS
	Musk in 2022
Born	Elon Reeve Musk; June 28, 1971 (age 52); Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa
Citizenship	South Africa; Canada; United States;
Education	University of Pennsylvania (BA, BS)
Title	Founder, CEO, and chief engineer of SpaceX; CEO and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; Owner and CTO of Twitter; President of the Musk Foundation; Founder of The Boring Company, X Corp., and xAI; Co-founder of Neuralink, OpenAI, Zip2, and X.com (part of PayPal);
Spouses	Justine Wilson (m. 2000; div. 2008); Talulah Riley (m. 2010; div. 2012) (m. 2013; div. 2016);
Partner	Errol Musk Maye Musk;
Family	Musk family
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Elon Reeve Musk (/ˈiːlɒn/ EE-lon; born June 28, 1971) is a business magnate and investor. Musk is the founder, chairman, CEO and chief technology officer of SpaceX; angel investor, CEO, product architect and former chairman of Tesla, Inc.; owner, chairman and CTO of X Corp.; founder of the Boring Company; co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI; and president of the Musk Foundation. He is the wealthiest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$226 billion as of September 2023^[update], according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, and $249 billion according to Forbes, primarily from his ownership stakes in both Tesla and SpaceX.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Musk was born in

city guide software company Zip2. The startup was acquired by Compaq for $307 million in 1999, and with $12 million of the money he made, that same year Musk co-founded X.com, a direct bank. X.com merged with Confinity in 2000 to form PayPal

.

In 2002,

brain–computer interfaces—and the Boring Company, a tunnel construction company. In 2022, he acquired Twitter for $44 billion. He subsequently merged the company into newly created X Corp. and rebranded the service as X the following year. In March 2023, he founded xAI

, an artificial-intelligence company.

conspiracy theories. His Twitter ownership has been similarly controversial, including laying off a large number of employees, an increase in hate speech on the platform and changes to Twitter Blue verification were criticized. In 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

(SEC) sued him for falsely tweeting that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla. To settle the case, Musk stepped down as the chairman of Tesla and paid a $20 million fine.

Early life

Childhood and family

Elon Reeve Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in

Errol Musk, is a South African electromechanical engineer, pilot, sailor, consultant, and property developer, who partly owned a Zambian emerald mine near Lake Tanganyika.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17] Musk has a younger brother, Kimbal, and a younger sister, Tosca.^[13]^[18]

Musk's family was wealthy during his youth.

Bellanca airplane.^[19]^[20]^[21] After his parents divorced in 1980, Musk chose to live primarily with his father.^[9] Musk later regretted his decision and became estranged from his father.^[22] He has a paternal half-sister and a half-brother.^[19]^[23]

Maye Musk has said of her son that he "was shy and awkward at school" and "didn't have many friends".[24] At age ten, he developed an interest in computing and video games, teaching himself how to program from the VIC-20 user manual.^[25] At age twelve, he sold his BASIC-based game Blastar to PC and Office Technology magazine for approximately $500.^[26]^[27]

Education

An ornate school building — Musk graduated from Pretoria Boys High School in South Africa.

Musk attended Waterkloof House Preparatory School, Bryanston High School, and Pretoria Boys High School, from where he graduated.^[28] Musk applied for a Canadian passport through his Canadian-born mother,^[29]^[30] knowing that it would be easier to immigrate to the United States this way.^[31] While waiting for his application to be processed, he attended the University of Pretoria for five months.^[32]

Musk arrived in Canada in June 1989 and lived with a second cousin in Saskatchewan for a year,^[33] working odd jobs at a farm and lumber mill.^[34] In 1990, he entered Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario.^[35]^[36] Two years later, he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), where he completed studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics and a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from the Wharton School.^[37]^[38]^[39]^[40] Although Musk claims he earned the degrees in 1995, UPenn maintains it awarded them in 1997.^[41] He reportedly hosted large, ticketed house parties to help pay for tuition, and wrote a business plan for an electronic book-scanning service similar to Google Books.^[42]

In 1994, Musk held two internships in

Internet boom, dropping out two days after being accepted and applied for a job at Netscape, to which he reportedly never received a response.^[47]^[29]

Business career

Zip2

In 1995, Musk, his brother Kimbal, and Greg Kouri founded

CitySearch;^[53] however, Musk's attempts to become CEO were thwarted.^[54] Compaq acquired Zip2 for $307 million in cash in February 1999,^[55]^[56] and Musk received $22 million for his 7-percent share.^[57]

X.com and PayPal

Later in 1999, Musk co-founded X.com, an online financial services and e-mail payment company with $12 million of the money he made from the Compaq acquisition.^[58] X.com was one of the first federally insured online banks, and over 200,000 customers joined in its initial months of operation.^[59] Even though Musk founded the company, investors regarded him as inexperienced and replaced him with Intuit CEO Bill Harris by the end of the year.^[60]

In 2000, X.com merged with online bank Confinity to avoid competition,^[52]^[60]^[61] as the latter's money-transfer service PayPal was more popular than X.com's service.^[62] Musk then returned as CEO of the merged company. His preference for Microsoft over Unix-based software caused a rift among the company's employees, and eventually led Confinity co-founder Peter Thiel to resign.^[63] With the company suffering from compounding technological issues and the lack of a cohesive business model, the board ousted Musk and replaced him with Thiel in September 2000.^[64]^[b] Under Thiel, the company focused on the money-transfer service and was renamed PayPal in 2001.^[66]^[67]

In 2002, PayPal was acquired by eBay for $1.5 billion in stock, of which Musk—PayPal's largest shareholder with 11.72% of shares—received $175.8 million.^[68]^[69] In 2017, more than 15 years later, Musk purchased the X.com domain from PayPal for its "sentimental value".^[70]^[71] In 2022, Musk discussed a goal of creating "X, the everything app".^[72]

SpaceX

In early 2001, Musk became involved with the nonprofit

Kosmotras; however, Musk was seen as a novice^[74] and the group returned to the United States empty-handed. In February 2002, the group returned to Russia with Mike Griffin (president of In-Q-Tel) to look for three ICBMs. They had another meeting with Kosmotras and were offered one rocket for $8 million, which Musk rejected. He instead decided to start a company that could build affordable rockets.^[74] With $100 million of his own money,^[75] Musk founded SpaceX in May 2002 and became the company's CEO and Chief Engineer.^[76]^[77]

SpaceX attempted its first launch of the

with the ISS, a first for a commercial spacecraft.^[84]

F9R Dev1

debris in 2014

Working towards its goal of

super-heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to replace the Falcon 9 and the Falcon Heavy.^[90] In 2020, SpaceX launched its first crewed flight, the Demo-2, becoming the first private company to place astronauts into orbit and dock a crewed spacecraft with the ISS.^[91]

Starlink

In 2015, SpaceX began development of the Starlink constellation of low-Earth-orbit satellites to provide satellite Internet access,^[92] with the first two prototype satellites launched in February 2018. A second set of test satellites, and the first large deployment of a piece of the constellation, occurred in May 2019, when the first 60 operational satellites were launched.^[93] The total cost of the decade-long project to design, build, and deploy the constellation is estimated by SpaceX to be about $10 billion.^[94]^[c] Some critics, including the International Astronomical Union, have alleged that Starlink blocks the view of the sky and poses a collision threat to spacecraft.^[97]^[98]^[99]

During the

Starlink terminals to Ukraine to provide Internet access and communication.^[100] However, Musk refused to block Russian state media on Starlink, declaring himself "a free speech absolutist".^[101]^[102] In October 2022, Musk stated that about 20,000 satellite terminals had been donated to Ukraine, together with free data transfer subscriptions, which cost SpaceX $80 million. After asking the United States Department of Defense to pay for further units and future subscriptions on behalf of Ukraine,^[103] Musk publicly stated that SpaceX would continue to provide Starlink to Ukraine for free, at a yearly cost to itself of $400 million.^[104]^[105]^[106]

Tesla

Roadster product design but was not deeply involved in day-to-day business operations.^[109]

Following a series of escalating conflicts in 2007, and the

financial crisis of 2007–2008, Eberhard was ousted from the firm.^[110]^{[page needed]}^[111] Musk assumed leadership of the company as CEO and product architect in 2008.^[112] A 2009 lawsuit settlement with Eberhard designated Musk as a Tesla co-founder, along with Tarpenning and two others.^[113]^[114] As of 2019, Musk was the longest-tenured CEO of any automotive manufacturer globally.^[115] In 2021, Musk nominally changed his title to "Technoking" while retaining his position as CEO.^[116]

Tesla began delivery of an electric sports car, the Roadster, in 2008. With sales of about 2,500 vehicles, it was the first

serial production all-electric car to use lithium-ion battery cells.^[117] Tesla began delivery of its four-door Model S sedan in 2012.^[118] A cross-over, the Model X was launched in 2015.^[119] A mass-market sedan, the Model 3, was released in 2017.^[120] The Model 3 is the all-time bestselling plug-in electric car worldwide, and in June 2021 it became the first electric car to sell 1 million units globally.^[121]^[122] A fifth vehicle, the Model Y crossover, was launched in 2020.^[123] The Cybertruck, an all-electric pickup truck, was unveiled in 2019.^[124] Under Musk, Tesla has also constructed multiple lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle factories, named Gigafactories.^[125]

Since its

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New York City, suggesting that he might be interested in investing in India "as soon as humanly possible".^[136]

SEC and shareholder lawsuits regarding tweets

In 2018, Musk was

tweet claiming that funding had been secured for potentially taking Tesla private.^[137]^[d] The lawsuit characterized the tweet as false, misleading, and damaging to investors, and sought to bar Musk from serving as CEO of publicly traded companies.^[137]^[141]^[142] Two days later, Musk settled with the SEC, without admitting or denying the SEC's allegations. As a result, Musk and Tesla were fined $20 million each, and Musk was forced to step down for three years as Tesla chairman but was able to remain as CEO.^[143] Musk has stated in interviews that he does not regret posting the tweet that triggered the SEC investigation.^[144]^[145] In April 2022, the shareholder who sued Musk over the tweet, along with several Tesla shareholders, said that a federal judge had ruled that the tweet was false, although the ruling in question has not been unsealed.^[146] In February 2023, the jury found Musk and Tesla not liable.^[147]

In 2019, Musk stated in a tweet that Tesla would build half a million cars that year.

imo") violated the agreement.^[151]^[152] FOIA-released records showed that the SEC itself concluded Musk has subsequently violated the agreement twice by tweeting regarding "Tesla's solar roof production volumes and its stock price".^[153]

SolarCity and Tesla Energy

SolarCity solar-panel installation vans in 2009

Musk provided the initial concept and financial capital for

factory started in 2014 and was completed in 2017. It operated as a joint venture with Panasonic until early 2020.^[157]^[158]

Tesla acquired SolarCity for over $2 billion in 2016 and merged it with its battery unit to create Tesla Energy. The deal's announcement resulted in a more than 10% drop in Tesla's stock price. At the time, SolarCity was facing liquidity issues.^[159] Multiple shareholder groups filed a lawsuit against Musk and Tesla's directors, claiming that the purchase of SolarCity was done solely to benefit Musk and came at the expense of Tesla and its shareholders.^[160]^[161] Tesla directors settled the lawsuit in January 2020, leaving Musk the sole remaining defendant.^[162]^[163] Two years later, the court ruled in Musk's favor.^[164]

Neuralink

In 2016, Musk co-founded

spinal cord injuries.^[168]

In 2019, Musk announced work on a device akin to a sewing machine that could embed threads into a human brain.^[165] He is listed as the sole author of an October 2019 paper that details some of Neuralink's research,^[169] although Musk's being listed as such rankled the Neuralink team's researchers.^[170] At a 2020 live demonstration, Musk described one of their early devices as "a Fitbit in your skull" that could soon cure paralysis, deafness, blindness, and other disabilities. Many neuroscientists and publications criticized these claims,^[171]^[172]^[173] with MIT Technology Review describing them as "highly speculative" and "neuroscience theater".^[171] During the demonstration, Musk revealed a pig with a Neuralink implant that tracked neural activity related to smell.^[168] In 2022, Neuralink announced that clinical trials would begin by the end of the year.^[174]

Neuralink has conducted further

animal cruelty. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine has alleged that Neuralink's animal trials have violated the Animal Welfare Act.^[175] Employees have complained that pressure from Musk to accelerate development has led to botched experiments and unnecessary animal deaths. In 2022, a federal probe was launched into possible animal welfare violations by Neuralink.^[176]

The Boring Company

In 2017, Musk founded the Boring Company to construct tunnels, and revealed plans for specialized, underground, high-occupancy vehicles that could travel up to 150 miles per hour (240 km/h) and thus circumvent above-ground traffic in major cities.^[177]^[178] Early in 2017, the company began discussions with regulatory bodies and initiated construction of a 30-foot (9.1 m) wide, 50-foot (15 m) long, and 15-foot (4.6 m) deep "test trench" on the premises of SpaceX's offices, as that required no permits.^[179] The Los Angeles tunnel, less than two miles (3.2 km) in length, debuted to journalists in 2018. It used Tesla Model Xs and was reported to be a rough ride while traveling at suboptimal speeds.^[180]

Two tunnel projects announced in 2018, in Chicago and West Los Angeles, have been canceled.

Fort Lauderdale, Florida.^[185]

Twitter

Elon Musk Twitter

@elonmusk

I made an offer
https://sec.gov/Archives/edgar...

April 14, 2022^[186]

Musk expressed interest in buying Twitter as early as 2017,^[187] and had previously questioned the platform's commitment to freedom of speech.^[188]^[189] In January 2022, Musk started purchasing Twitter shares, reaching a 9.2% stake by April,^[190] making him the largest shareholder.^[191]^[e] When this was publicly disclosed, Twitter shares experienced the largest intraday price surge since the company's 2013 IPO.^[193] On April 4, Musk agreed to a deal that would appoint him to Twitter's board of directors and prohibit him from acquiring more than 14.9% of the company.^[194]^[195] However, on April 13, Musk made a $43 billion offer to buy Twitter, launching a takeover bid to buy 100% of Twitter's stock at $54.20 per share.^[191]^[196] In response, Twitter's board adopted a "poison pill" shareholder rights plan to make it more expensive for any single investor to own more than 15% of the company without board approval.^[197] Nevertheless, by the end of the month Musk had successfully concluded his bid for approximately $44 billion.^[198] This included about $12.5 billion in loans against his Tesla stock and $21 billion in equity financing.^[199]^[200]

Tesla's stock market value sank by over $100 billion the next day in reaction to the deal, causing Musk to lose around $30 billion of his net worth.

Chancery Court of Delaware for breaching a legally binding agreement to purchase Twitter.^[208] In October 2022, Musk reversed again, offering to purchase Twitter at $54.20 per share.^[209] The acquisition was officially completed on October 27.^[210]

Immediately after the acquisition, Musk fired several top Twitter executives including CEO Parag Agrawal;^[210]^[211] Musk became the CEO instead.^[212] He instituted a $7.99 monthly subscription for a "blue check",^[213]^[214]^[215] and laid off a significant portion of the company's staff.^[216]^[217] Musk lessened content moderation,^[218] and in December, Musk released internal documents relating to Twitter's moderation of Hunter Biden's laptop controversy in the leadup to the 2020 presidential election.^[219] The Southern Poverty Law Center noted that Twitter has verified numerous extremists,^[220] and a study of millions of tweets following the acquisition indicated that hate speech on the platform has become "more visible" under Musk's leadership.^[221]

Within the first weeks of ownership, Musk made a series of decisions and changes that he quickly reversed, including the paid blue checkmark,^[222] creating an "official" label^[223] and forbidding linking to one's profiles on other social media platforms.^[224] Under Musk's management, Twitter experienced several large scale outages.^[225]

In April 2022, The Washington Post reported that Musk privately claimed that supposed censorship on the platform, including the banning of accounts such as The Babylon Bee, had prompted him to begin the acquisition. The New York Post revealed that Musk's ex-wife Talulah Riley had encouraged Musk to purchase Twitter, specifically citing the Bee's ban.^[226] Following the acquisition, he made reinstatement of accounts like the Bee an immediate priority.^[227] The Independent reported that Musk has "appealed to far-right activists and influencers and unleashed a wave of hate speech and abuse aimed at LGBT+ people" since taking control of Twitter.^[228]

On December 18, Musk posted a poll to his Twitter account asking users to decide whether he should step down as the head of Twitter, with 57.5% out of the more than 17.5 million votes supporting that decision.^[229] Musk stated that he would resign as CEO "as soon as I find someone foolish enough to take the job".^[230] In 2023, Musk stepped down from CEO and placed former NBCUniversal executive Linda Yaccarino in the position.^[231]

xAI

On July 12, 2023, Elon Musk launched an artificial intelligence company called xAI, which aims to develop a generative AI program that competes with existing offerings like ChatGPT. The company has reportedly hired engineers from Google and OpenAI.^[232]

Leadership style

Musk is often described as a

micromanager and has called himself a "nano-manager".^[233] The New York Times has characterized his approach as absolutist.^[234] Musk does not make formal business plans;^[234] instead, he says he prefers to approach engineering problems^{[non sequitur]} with an "iterative design methodology" and "tolerance for failures".^[235] He has forced employees to adopt the company's own jargon and launched ambitious, risky, and costly projects against his advisors' recommendations, such as removing front-facing radar from Tesla Autopilot. His insistence on vertical integration causes his companies to move most production in-house. While this resulted in saved costs for SpaceX's rocket,^[236] vertical integration has caused many usability problems for Tesla's software.^[233]

Musk's handling of employees—whom he communicates with directly through mass emails—has been characterized as "carrot and stick", rewarding those "who offer constructive criticism" while also being known to impulsively threaten, swear at, and fire his employees.^[237]^[238]^[239] Musk said he expects his employees to work for long hours, sometimes for 80 hours per week.^[240] He has his new employees sign strict non-disclosure agreements and often fires in sprees,^[241]^[242] such as during the Model 3 "production hell" in 2018.^[242] In 2022, Musk revealed plans to fire 10 percent of Tesla's workforce, due to his concerns about the economy.^[243] That same month, he suspended remote work at SpaceX and Tesla and threatened to fire employees who do not work 40 hours per week in the office.^[244]

Musk's leadership has been praised by some, who credit it with the success of Tesla and his other endeavors,

Power Play contains anecdotes of Musk berating employees.^[246] The Wall Street Journal reported that, after Musk insisted on branding his vehicles as "self-driving", he faced criticism from his engineers for putting customer "lives at risk", with some employees resigning in consequence.^[247]

Other activities

Musk Foundation

Musk is president of the Musk Foundation he founded in 2001,[248]^[249] whose stated purpose is to: provide solar-power energy systems in disaster areas; support research, development, and advocacy (for interests including human space exploration, pediatrics, renewable energy and "safe artificial intelligence"); and support science and engineering educational efforts.^[250]

As of 2020, the foundation has made 350 donations. Around half of them were made to scientific research or education nonprofits. Notable beneficiaries include the Wikimedia Foundation, his alma mater the University of Pennsylvania, and his brother Kimbal's non-profit Big Green.^[251] From 2002 to 2018, the foundation gave $25 million directly to non-profit organizations, nearly half of which went to Musk's OpenAI,^[252] which was a non-profit at the time.^[253]

In 2012, Musk took the

X Prize Foundation, including $100 million to reward improved carbon capture technology.^[255]

Vox said "the Musk Foundation is almost entertaining in its simplicity and yet is strikingly opaque", noting that its website was only 33 words in plain-text.^[252] The foundation has been criticized for the relatively small amount of wealth donated.^[256] In 2020, Forbes gave Musk a philanthropy score of 1, because he had given away less than 1% of his net worth.^[251] In November 2021, Musk donated $5.7 billion of Tesla's shares to charity, according to regulatory filings.^[257] However, Bloomberg News noted that all of it went to his own foundation, bringing Musk Foundation's assets up to $9.4 billion at the end of 2021. The foundation disbursed $160 million to non-profits that year.^[258]

Hyperloop

In 2013, Musk announced plans for a version of a

Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area, at an estimated cost of $6 billion.^[262] The proposal, if technologically feasible at the costs cited, would make Hyperloop travel cheaper than any other mode of transport for such long distances.^[263]

In 2015, Musk announced a

design competition for students and others to build Hyperloop pods, to operate on a SpaceX-sponsored mile-long track, for a 2015–2017 Hyperloop pod competition. The track was used in January 2017, and Musk also announced that the company had started a tunnel project, with Hawthorne Municipal Airport as its destination.^[264] In July 2017, Musk claimed that he had received "verbal government approval" to build a hyperloop from New York City to Washington, D.C., with stops in both Philadelphia and Baltimore.^[265] Mention of the projected DC-to-Baltimore leg was removed from the Boring Company website in 2021.^[266] The tunnel project to Hawthorne was discontinued in 2022 and is cited to be converted into parking spots for SpaceX workers.^[267]

Biographer Ashlee Vance has noted that Musk hoped Hyperloop would "make the public and legislators rethink the high-speed train" proposal current in California at the time and consider more "creative" ideas.^[268]

OpenAI

In 2015, Musk co-founded OpenAI, a not-for-profit artificial intelligence (AI) research company aiming to develop artificial general intelligence intended to be safe and beneficial to humanity.^[269] A particular focus of the company is to democratize artificial superintelligence systems, against governments and corporations.^[22] Musk pledged $1 billion of funding to OpenAI.^[270] In 2023, Musk tweeted that he had ended up giving a total of $100 million to OpenAI. TechCrunch later reported that, according to its own investigation of public records, "only $15 million" of OpenAI's funding could be definitively traced to Musk. Musk subsequently stated that he had donated about $50 million.^[271]

In 2018, Musk left the OpenAI board to avoid possible future conflicts with his role as CEO of Tesla as the latter company increasingly became involved in AI through Tesla Autopilot.^[272] Since then, OpenAI has made significant advances in machine learning, producing neural networks such as GPT-3 (producing human-like text),^[273] and DALL-E (generating digital images from natural language descriptions).^[274]

Tham Luang cave rescue and defamation case

In July 2018, Musk arranged for his employees to build a mini-submarine to assist the rescue of children trapped in a flooded cavern in Thailand.^[275] Richard Stanton, leader of the international rescue diving team, urged Musk to facilitate the construction of the vehicle as a back-up, in case flooding worsened.^[276] Engineers at SpaceX and the Boring Company built the mini-submarine from a Falcon 9 liquid oxygen transfer tube in eight hours and personally delivered it to Thailand.^[277]^[278] By this time, however, eight of the 12 children, had already been rescued, the rescuers employing full face masks, oxygen, and anesthesia; consequently, Thai authorities declined to use the submarine.^[275] In March 2019, Musk was later one of the 187 people who received various honors conferred by the King of Thailand for involvement in the rescue effort.^[279]

Soon after the rescue, Vernon Unsworth, a British recreational caver who had been exploring the cave for the previous six years and played a key advisory role in the operation, criticized the submarine on CNN as amounting to nothing more than a public relations effort with no chance of success, maintaining that Musk "had no conception of what the cave passage was like" and "can stick his submarine where it hurts". Musk asserted on Twitter that the device would have worked and referred to Unsworth as a "pedo guy".^[280] He deleted the tweets,^[280] and apologized,^[281] and he deleted his responses to critical tweets from Cher Scarlett, a software engineer, which had caused his followers to harass her.^[282] In an email to BuzzFeed News, Musk later called Unsworth a "child rapist" and said that he had married a child.^[283]^[284]

In September, Unsworth filed a defamation suit in the District Court for the Central District of California.^[285]^[286] In his defense, Musk argued that "'pedo guy' was a common insult used in South Africa when I was growing up ... synonymous with 'creepy old man' and is used to insult a person's appearance and demeanor".^[28] The defamation case began in December 2019, with Unsworth seeking $190 million in damages.^[287] During the trial Musk apologized to Unsworth again for the tweet. On December 6, the jury found in favor of Musk and ruled he was not liable.^[288]^[289]

2018 cannabis incident

In 2018, Musk was interviewed on an episode of The Joe Rogan Experience podcast, during which he sampled a cigar laced with cannabis. In 2022, Musk said that he and other Space-X employees had subsequently been required to undergo random drug tests for about a year following the incident, as required by the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 for Federal contractors.^[290] In a 2019 60 Minutes interview, Musk had said, "I do not smoke pot. As anybody who watched that podcast could tell, I have no idea how to smoke pot."^[291]

Music

In 2019, Musk, through Emo G Records, released a rap track, "RIP Harambe", on SoundCloud. The track, which refers to the killing of Harambe the gorilla and the subsequent Internet sensationalism surrounding the event, was performed by Yung Jake, written by Yung Jake and Caroline Polachek, and produced by BloodPop.^[292]^[293] The following year, Musk released an EDM track, "Don't Doubt Ur Vibe", featuring his own lyrics and vocals.^[294] While Guardian critic Alexi Petridis described it as "indistinguishable... from umpteen competent but unthrilling bits of bedroom electronica posted elsewhere on Soundcloud",^[295] TechCrunch said it was "not a bad representation of the genre".^[294]

Private jet

In 2003, Musk said his favorite plane he owned was an

fossil fuel usage has received criticism.^[297]^[299]

His flight usage is tracked on social media through ElonJet. The Twitter version of the account was blocked in December 2022, after Musk claimed that his son X AE A-XII had been harassed by a stalker after the account posted the airport at which his jet had landed.[300]^[301]^[302] This led to Musk banning the ElonJet account on Twitter, as well as the accounts of journalists that posted stories regarding the incident, including Donie O'Sullivan, Keith Olbermann, and journalists from The New York Times, The Washington Post, CNN, and The Intercept.^[303] Musk equated the reporting to doxxing.^[304] The police do not believe there is a link between the account and alleged stalker.^[305] Musk later took a Twitter poll on whether the journalists' accounts should be reinstated, which resulted in reinstating the accounts.^[306]

Wealth

Net worth

Musk made $175.8 million when PayPal was sold to eBay in 2002.^[307] He was first listed on the Forbes Billionaires List in 2012, with a net worth of $2 billion.^[308]

At the start of 2020, Musk had a net worth of $27 billion.^[309] By the end of the year his net worth had increased by $150 billion, mostly driven by his ownership of around 20% of Tesla stock.^[310] During this period, Musk's net worth was often volatile. For example, it dropped $16.3 billion on September 8, the largest single-day plunge in Bloomberg Billionaires Index's history at the time.^[311] In November of that year, Musk passed Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg to become the third-richest person in the world; a week later he passed Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates to become the second-richest.^[312]

In January 2021, Musk, with a net worth of $185 billion, surpassed Amazon founder Jeff Bezos to become the richest person in the world.^[313] Bezos reclaimed the top spot the following month.^[314] On September 27, 2021, after Tesla stock surged, Forbes announced that Musk had a net worth of over $200 billion, and was the richest person in the world.^[315] In November 2021, Musk became the first person to have a net worth of more than $300 billion.^[316]

On December 30, 2022, it was reported that Musk had lost $200 billion from his net worth due to declining stock values in Tesla, becoming the first person in history to lose such a large sum of money.^[317]^[318] In January 2023, Musk was recognized by Guinness World Records for experiencing the "largest loss of personal fortune in history" with regards to his financial losses since November 2021, which Guinness quoted a Forbes estimate of $182 billion.^[319]

Musk's personal wealth is managed by his family office called Excession LLC, formed in 2016 and run by Jared Birchall.^[320]^[249]

Sources of wealth

Around 75% of Musk's wealth derived from Tesla stock in November 2020,^[312] a proportion that fell to about 37% as of December 2022,^[f] after selling nearly $40 billion in company shares since late 2021.^[321] Musk does not receive a salary from Tesla; he agreed with the board in 2018 to a compensation plan that ties his personal earnings to Tesla's valuation and revenue.^[310] The deal stipulated that Musk only receives the compensation if Tesla reaches certain market values.^[322] It was the largest such deal ever done between a CEO and a company board.^[323] In the first award, given in May 2020, he was eligible to purchase 1.69 million Tesla shares (about 1% of the company) at below-market prices, which was worth about $800 million.^[323]^[322]

Musk paid $455 million in taxes on $1.52 billion of income between 2014 and 2018.^[324] According to ProPublica, Musk paid no federal income taxes in 2018.^[325] He claimed his 2021 tax bill was estimated at $12 billion based on his sale of $14 billion worth of Tesla stock.^[324]

Musk has repeatedly described himself as "cash poor",^[326]^[327] and has "professed to have little interest in the material trappings of wealth".^[326] In May 2020, he pledged to sell almost all physical possessions.^[327] Musk has defended his wealth by saying he is accumulating resources for humanity's outward expansion to space.^[328]

Personal views and Twitter (later X) usage

Since joining Twitter (now known as X) in 2009,

Mauricio Garcia's apparent interest in Nazism could have been planted as part of a psyop.^[336] Allegations of him being transphobic appeared as well in response to actions taken by Twitter under his guidance.^[337]^[338] The Israel government and several media outlets accused Musk of antisemitism due to him spreading George Soros conspiracy theories,^[339] although some Israeli officials defended Musk.^[340]

Existential threats

Musk has been described as believing in

autonomous weapons.^[346] Musk's AI stances have been called alarmist and sensationalist by critics such as computer scientist Yann LeCun and Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg,^[347]^[348] and led the think tank Information Technology and Innovation Foundation to award Musk its Annual Luddite Award in 2016.^[349]

Musk has described climate change as the greatest threat to humanity after AI,^[350] and has advocated for a carbon tax.^[351] Musk was a critic of President Donald Trump's stance on climate change,^[352]^[353] and resigned from two presidential business advisory councils following Trump's 2017 decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement.^[354]

Musk has long promoted the

risks to human civilization.^[362]

Politics

Musk with Senator Dianne Feinstein at the opening of the Tesla Fremont Factory (2010), and with Vice President Mike Pence at the Kennedy Space Center before SpaceX's Crew Dragon Demo-2 launch (2020)

While often described as

left-right political framework".^[363] Historically, Musk has donated to both Democrats and Republicans,^[364] many of whom are in states in which he has a vested interest.^[363] Beginning in the late 2010s, Musk's political contributions have shifted almost entirely to supporting Republicans.^[365]

Musk voted for

Twitter Spaces event.^[374]^[375]^[376] As of May 2023, Musk was declining to endorse any specific candidate.^[375]

Musk opposes a "billionaire's tax",^[377] and has argued on Twitter with more left-leaning Democratic politicians such as Bernie Sanders,^[378]^[379] Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,^[380] and Elizabeth Warren.^[381] He has raised questions about the Black Lives Matter protests, partially based on the fact that the phrase "Hands up, don't shoot" was made up.^[382]^[383] Musk also promoted a baseless theory relating to the attack of Speaker Nancy Pelosi's husband, but Musk deleted his tweet.^[384]

Musk has praised China and has been described as having a close relationship with the Chinese government, allowing access to its markets for Tesla.

Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[392]^[393] It was reported that Musk allegedly spoke with Russian President Vladimir Putin prior to the proposal, which Musk denied.^[394]^[395]^[396]^[397]

COVID-19

Musk was criticized for his public comments and conduct related to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[398]^[399] He spread misinformation about the virus, including promoting a widely discredited paper on the benefits of chloroquine and claiming that COVID-19 death statistics were inflated.^[400]

In March 2020, Musk stated, "The coronavirus panic is dumb."^[401]^[402] In an email to Tesla employees, Musk referred to COVID-19 as a "specific form of the common cold" and predicted that confirmed COVID-19 cases would not exceed 0.1% of the U.S. population.^[398] On March 19, 2020, Musk predicted that there would be "probably close to zero new cases in [the U.S.] by end of April".^[399] Politico labeled this statement one of "the most audacious, confident, and spectacularly incorrect prognostications [of 2020]".^[403] Musk also claimed falsely that children "are essentially immune" to COVID-19.^[404]^[405]

Musk condemned

unemployment benefits might be jeopardized, if they did not report to work.^[409] In December 2022, Musk called for prosecution of former National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases director Anthony Fauci.^[410]^[411]

In March 2020, Musk promised that Tesla would make

CPAP machines, which are devices that support respirations of someone able to breathe on their own, rather than the much more expensive and sought-after mechanical ventilator machines that are able to breathe for a patient entirely.^[414]^[415]

In September 2020, Musk stated that he would not get the

Karen," which then trended on Twitter.^[418]^[419]

In December 2021, Musk revealed that he and his eligible children had received the vaccine, saying that the science behind the COVID vaccines was "unequivocal" but expressing his opposition to COVID

vaccine mandates.^[420]

Finance

Musk said that the U.S. government should not provide

carbon credits granted to the company, by both the European Union Emissions Trading System and the Chinese national carbon trading scheme.^[426]^[427]^[428]^[429]

Musk, a longtime opponent of short-selling, has repeatedly criticized the practice and argued it should be illegal.^[430]^[431] Wired magazine speculated that Musk's opposition to short-selling stems from how short sellers have an incentive to find and promote unfavorable information about his companies.^[432] In early 2021, he encouraged the GameStop short squeeze.^[433]^[434]

In December 2022, Musk sold $3.6 billion of his stock in Tesla, equal to 22 million shares in the company,^[435] despite pledging earlier in the year that he would not sell any additional shares.^[436]

Technology

Musk has promoted

Bitcoin transactions until the environmental issues are solved.^[441]^[442]

Despite the Boring Company's involvement in building mass transit infrastructure, Musk has criticized public transport and promoted individualized transport (private vehicles).

urban areas is more economical, more energy efficient, and requires much less space than private cars.^[444]^[446]^[445]

Personal life

From the early 2000s until late 2020, Musk resided in California, where both Tesla and SpaceX were founded.[447] In 2020, he relocated to Texas, saying that California had become "complacent" about its economic success.^[447]^[448] While hosting Saturday Night Live in May 2021, Musk revealed that he has Asperger syndrome.^[449] Musk is also a practitioner of Brazilian jiu-jitsu.^[450]

Relationships and children

Musk has 10 surviving children.

sudden infant death syndrome at the age of 10 weeks.^[453] After his death, the couple decided to use IVF to continue their family.^[454] They had twins in 2004 followed by triplets in 2006.^[454] The couple divorced in 2008 and shared custody of their children.^[455]^[456] In 2022, one of the twins (his eldest child) officially changed her name to reflect her gender identity as a trans woman and to use Wilson as her last name because she no longer wished to be associated with Musk.^[457] Musk blamed the estrangement of his daughter on what the Financial Times characterized as "the supposed takeover of elite schools and universities by neo-Marxists."^[458]

In 2008, Musk began dating English actress Talulah Riley.^[459] They married two years later at Dornoch Cathedral in Scotland.^[460]^[461] In 2012, the couple divorced, before remarrying the following year.^[462] After briefly filing for divorce in 2014,^[462] Musk finalized a second divorce from Riley in 2016.^[463] Musk then dated Amber Heard for several months in 2017;^[464] he had reportedly been pursuing her since 2012.^[465] Johnny Depp later accused Musk of having an affair with Heard while she was still married to Depp.^[466]^[467] Musk and Heard both denied the affair.^[466]

In 2018, Musk and Canadian musician

Grimes revealed that they were dating.^[468] Grimes gave birth to their son in May 2020.^[469]^[470] According to Musk and Grimes, his name was "X Æ A-12" (/ɛks æʃ eɪ ˈtwɛlv/); however, the name would have violated California regulations as it contained characters that are not in the modern English alphabet,^[471]^[472] and was then changed to "X Æ A-Xii". This drew more confusion, as Æ is not a letter in the modern English alphabet.^[473] The child was eventually named X AE A-XII Musk, with "X" as a first name, "AE A-XII" as a middle name, and "Musk" as surname.^[474] In December 2021, Grimes and Musk had a second child, a daughter named Exa Dark Sideræl Musk (nicknamed "Y"), born via surrogacy.^[1] Despite the pregnancy, Musk confirmed reports that the couple were "semi-separated" in September 2021; in an interview with Time in December 2021, he said he was single.^[475]^[476] In March 2022, Grimes said of her relationship with Musk: "I would probably refer to him as my boyfriend, but we're very fluid."^[1] Later that month, Grimes tweeted that she and Musk had broken up again but remained on good terms.^[477] In September 2023 it was revealed that the pair had a third child, a son named Techno Mechanicus "Tau" Musk.^[3]

In July 2022, Insider published court documents revealing that Musk had had twins with Shivon Zilis, director of operations and special projects at Neuralink, in November 2021.^[478] They were born weeks before Musk and Grimes had their second child via surrogate in December. The news "raise[d] questions about workplace ethics", given that Zilis directly reported to Musk.^[479] Also in July 2022, The Wall Street Journal reported that Musk allegedly had an affair with Nicole Shanahan, the wife of Google co-founder Sergey Brin, in 2021, leading to their divorce the following year.^[480] Musk denied the report.^[481]

Legal matters

In May 2022,

Barron's wrote "...some investors considered key-man risk – the danger that a company could be badly hurt by the loss of one individual."^[487]

In April 2023, the government of the

U.S. Virgin Islands sought to subpoena Musk for documents in a lawsuit alleging that JPMorgan Chase profited from Jeffrey Epstein's sex trafficking operation.^[488] In May, a judge granted the U.S. Virgin Islands' request to serve Musk electronically through Tesla after the U.S. territory had difficulty locating him.^[488] The efforts to subpoena Musk for documents do not implicate him in any wrongdoing and do not seek to have Musk testify under oath.^[488]

Public perception

Though Musk's ventures were influential within their own industries in the 2000s, he only became a public figure in the early 2010s. He has often been described as an

troll" role on Twitter.^[491]

With Steve Jobs and Donald Trump, Musk served as inspiration for the characterization of Tony Stark in the Marvel film Iron Man (2008).^[492] Musk had a cameo appearance in the film's 2010 sequel, Iron Man 2.^[493] Musk has made cameos and appearances in other films such as Machete Kills (2013),^[494] Why Him? (2016),^[495] and Men in Black: International (2019).^[496] Television series in which he has appeared include The Simpsons ("The Musk Who Fell to Earth", 2015),^[497] The Big Bang Theory ("The Platonic Permutation", 2015),^[498] South Park ("Members Only", 2016),^[499]^[500] Young Sheldon ("A Patch, a Modem, and a Zantac®", 2017),^[501] Rick and Morty ("One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty", 2019),^[502]^[503] and Saturday Night Live (2021).^[504] He contributed interviews to the documentaries Racing Extinction (2015) and the Werner Herzog-directed Lo and Behold (2016).^[505]^[506]

Musk was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018.^[507] In 2015, he received an honorary doctorate in engineering and technology from Yale University^[508] and IEEE Honorary Membership.^[509] Awards for his contributions to the development of the Falcon rockets include the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics George Low Transportation Award in 2008,^[510] the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Gold Space Medal in 2010,^[511] and the Royal Aeronautical Society Gold Medal in 2012.^[512] Time has listed Musk as one of the most influential people in the world on four occasions in 2010,^[513] 2013,^[514] 2018,^[515] and 2021.^[516] Musk was selected as Time's "Person of the Year" for 2021. Time editor-in-chief Edward Felsenthal wrote that "Person of the Year is a marker of influence, and few individuals have had more influence than Musk on life on Earth, and potentially life off Earth too".^[517]^[518] In February 2022, Musk was elected to the National Academy of Engineering.^[519]

Notes and references

Notes

^ One child is deceased.^[2]
^ Musk remained on the board and served as an advisor.^[65]^[66]
^ SpaceX received nearly $900 million in Federal Communications Commission subsidies for Starlink.^[95]^[96]
^ Musk stated he was considering taking Tesla private at a price of $420 a share, an alleged reference to marijuana.^[138] Members of Tesla's board and rapper Azealia Banks alleged that Musk may have been under the influence of recreational drugs when he wrote the tweet.^[139]^[140]
^ He did not file the necessary SEC paperwork within 10 days of his stake passing 5%, a violation of U.S. securities laws.^[192]
Wall Street Journal
, he was worth $140 billion, with $52 billion of that attributable to his ownership of Tesla stock.

Citations

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^ Berger (2021), pp. 182.

^ ^a ^b Szalai, Jennifer (September 9, 2023). "Elon Musk Wants to Save Humanity. The Only Problem: People". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2023. Retrieved September 19, 2023. The musician Grimes, the mother of three of Musk's children (the existence of the third, Techno Mechanicus, nicknamed Tau, has been kept private until now), calls his roiling anger 'demon mode' — a mind-set that 'causes a lot of chaos.'

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SSRN 3778844
.

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ISSN 0140-0460. Archived
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ISSN 0190-8286
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Works cited

Belfiore, Michael (2007). Rocketeers. New York: HarperCollins.
ISBN 9780061149023
.

Berger, Eric (2021). Liftoff. William Morrow and Company.
ISBN 9780062979971
.

Jackson, Erik (2004). The PayPal Wars: Battles with eBay, the Media, the Mafia, and the Rest of Planet Earth. Los Angeles: World Ahead Publishing.
ISBN 9780974670102
.

Kidder, David; Hoffman, Reid (2013). The Startup Playbook: Secrets of the Fastest Growing Start-Ups from the founding Entrepreneurs. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
ISBN 9781452105048
.

Vance, Ashlee (2017) [2015]. Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future (2nd ed.). New York: Ecco.
ISBN 9780062301253
.

v
t
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Elon Musk
Companies

Zip2

X.com
PayPal

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Tesla, Inc.
Tesla Energy

OpenAI

Neuralink

The Boring Company

Thud

X Corp.
Twitter, Inc.

Twitter

xAI

Depictions

Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future (2015)

"The Musk Who Fell to Earth" (2015)

The Space Barons (2018)

Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors (2019)

"One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty" (2019)

Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century (2021)

Return to Space (2022)

Elon Musk's Crash Course (2022)

Elon Musk (2023)

People

Musk family

Errol Musk (father)

Maye Musk (mother)

Tosca Musk (sister)

Kimbal Musk (brother)

Lyndon Rive (cousin)

Justine Musk (first wife)

Talulah Riley (second wife)

Grimes (partner)

Shivon Zilis (partner)

Related

Hyperloop

Boring Test Tunnel

SolarCity

Acquisition of Twitter
Twitter under Musk

Twitter Files

December 2022 suspensions

Tesla, Inc. criticism
TSLAQ

lawsuits

Views

Awards and honors

Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster

Musk vs. Zuckerberg

Elon Musk filmography

ElonJet

Billionaire space race

Category

v
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SpaceX
History
Launch vehicles
Current

Falcon 9
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Falcon Heavy

In development

Starship
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upper stage

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flight tests

first/second/third orbital test flights

Retired

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*

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Spacecraft
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Test vehicles
Current

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Retired

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DragonFly

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Unflown

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Rocket engines

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1D

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Lists of missions

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Other facilities

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Support

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Commercial Crew Program

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Reusability

Falcon 9 landing tests

Red Dragon (canceled)

Mars transport

Key people

Elon Musk (CEO, CTO)

Gwynne Shotwell (President and COO)

Tom Mueller (former VP of Propulsion Development)

Related

Blue Origin v. United States & SpaceX

Commercial astronaut

Billionaire space race

Countdown: Inspiration4 Mission to Space (2021 docuseries)

Return to Space (2022)

* denotes unflown vehicles or engines, and future missions or sites. † denotes failed missions, destroyed vehicles, and abandoned sites.
Category

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Tesla, Inc.
Electric
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Model S

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Future

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People
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Joe Gebbia (board)

James Murdoch (board)

Kimbal Musk (board)

J. B. Straubel (board, co-founder)

Kathleen Wilson-Thompson (board)

Former

Deepak Ahuja (two-time CFO)

Drew Baglino (SVP of engineering)

Ze'ev Drori (CEO)

Martin Eberhard (co-founder, CEO)

Larry Ellison (board)

Steve Jurvetson (board)

Andrej Karpathy (AI)

Zach Kirkhorn (CFO)

Arnnon Geshuri (HR)

Jérôme Guillen
(automotive)

Jim Keller (Autopilot)

Chris Lattner (Autopilot)

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Marc Tarpenning (co-founder, CFO)

Jay Vijayan (CIO)

Controversies

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DeepScale

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Maxwell Technologies (divested)

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Twitter

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December 2022

Topsy Labs

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Usage
public figures

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Articles related to Elon Musk

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PayPal Mafia
Individuals

Peter Thiel

Reid Hoffman

Max Levchin

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Elon Musk

Steve Chen

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Chad Hurley

Roelof Botha

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Tesla, Inc.

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Affirm

Investments

Friendster

Facebook

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Funds

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Clarium Capital

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elon_Musk&oldid=1176039992"

[3] One child is deceased.^[2]

[68] Musk remained on the board and served as an advisor.^[65]^[66]

[99] SpaceX received nearly $900 million in Federal Communications Commission subsidies for Starlink.^[95]^[96]

[144] Musk stated he was considering taking Tesla private at a price of $420 a share, an alleged reference to marijuana.^[138] Members of Tesla's board and rapper Azealia Banks alleged that Musk may have been under the influence of recreational drugs when he wrote the tweet.^[139]^[140]

[197] He did not file the necessary SEC paperwork within 10 days of his stake passing 5%, a violation of U.S. securities laws.^[192]

[326] Wall Street Journal
, he was worth $140 billion, with $52 billion of that attributable to his ownership of Tesla stock.

[GrimesVanityFair2022-1] Gordon, Devin (March 10, 2022). ""Infamy Is Kind Of Fun": Grimes on Music, Mars, and—Surprise!—Her Secret New Baby With Elon Musk". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2022.

[FOOTNOTEBerger2021182-2] Berger (2021), pp. 182.

[NYTTAU-4] Szalai, Jennifer (September 9, 2023). "Elon Musk Wants to Save Humanity. The Only Problem: People". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2023. Retrieved September 19, 2023. The musician Grimes, the mother of three of Musk's children (the existence of the third, Techno Mechanicus, nicknamed Tau, has been kept private until now), calls his roiling anger 'demon mode' — a mind-set that 'causes a lot of chaos.'

[5] Mohamed, Theron (December 15, 2022). "Elon Musk just cashed in another $3.6 billion of Tesla stock as he wrestles with mounting interest payments at Twitter and a looming recession". Business Insider.

[6] "Bloomberg Billionaires Index". Bloomberg L.P.

[7] "Real Time Billionaires". Forbes.

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[9] Vance (2017), pp. 25, 31.

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[11] Elliott, Hannah (March 26, 2012). "At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2015.

[Biog-12] His biography author Ashlee Vance interviewed on the TV show Triangulation on the TWiT.tv network, discussion of his family starts around the 15th minute

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[21] PMC 2485067
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[22] Vance (2017), pp. 26–30.

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[33] Vance (2017), pp. 43–44.

[34] Vance (2017), p. 45.

[35] Vance (2017), p. 46.

[36] Vance (2017), pp. 46–47.

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[39] Vance (2017), Appendix 1

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[51] ISBN 978-0-06-230125-3
. Errol Musk gave his sons $28,000 to help them through this period, but they were more or less broke after getting the office space, licensing software, and buying some equipment

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[54] Kidder (2013), pp. 224–228.

[55] Vance (2017), p. 67.

[56] Vance (2017), p. 14.

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[59] Vance (2017), p. 78.

[60] Vance (2017), p. 84.

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[62] Jackson (2004), pp. 40, 69, 130, 163.

[63] Vance (2017), pp. 85–86.

[64] Vance (2017), pp. 85–87.

[65] Vance (2017), pp. 87–88.

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[90] Chow, Denise (November 6, 2019). "'Starman' and the Tesla Roadster that SpaceX launched into orbit have now cruised beyond Mars". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.

[91] Berger, Eric (August 28, 2019). "Starhopper aces test, sets up full-scale prototype flights this year". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.

[Roulette-2022-92] Roulette, Joey (March 28, 2022). "SpaceX ending production of flagship crew capsule". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 29, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.

[93] Wattles, Jackie (May 30, 2020). "SpaceX and NASA launch Crew Dragon in Florida: Live updates". CNN. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.

[94] Johnson, Eric M.; Roulette, Joey (October 31, 2018). "Musk shakes up SpaceX in race to make satellite launch window: sources". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 18, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2021.

[NYT-20190601-95] Hall, Shannon (June 1, 2019). "After SpaceX Starlink Launch, a Fear of Satellites That Outnumber All Visible Stars – Images of the Starlink constellation in orbit have rattled astronomers around the world". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2019.

[96] Shepardson, David; Roulette, Joey (July 30, 2020). "Taking on SpaceX, Amazon to invest $10 billion in satellite broadband plan". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.

[97] Sheetz, Michael (December 7, 2020). "SpaceX's Starlink wins nearly $900 million in FCC subsidies to bring internet to rural areas". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.

[98] Wattles, Jackie (December 8, 2020). "SpaceX gets almost $900 million in federal subsidies to deliver broadband to rural America". CNN. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.

[Griffin_2021-100] Griffin, Andrew (December 30, 2021). "Elon Musk rejects criticism that his satellite fleet is dangerous". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 30, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.

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@@ Line 252: / Line 252: @@
 Musk has been described as believing in [[longtermism]], emphasizing the needs of future populations.<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Leary|first=Lizzie|date=October 6, 2022|title=Can Longtermism Save Us All?|url=https://slate.com/technology/2022/10/longtermism-debate-william-macaskill-elon-musk-robert-wright.html|work=Slate|access-date=December 24, 2022|archive-date=December 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224062330/https://slate.com/technology/2022/10/longtermism-debate-william-macaskill-elon-musk-robert-wright.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Accordingly, Musk has stated that [[Existential risk from artificial general intelligence|artificial intelligence poses the greatest existential threat to humanity]].<ref name="guardianAI">{{cite news |last1=Gibbs |first1=Samuel |date=October 27, 2014 |title=Elon Musk: artificial intelligence is our biggest existential threat |work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat |url-status=live |access-date=December 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030054330/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat |archive-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref><ref name="wp2015">{{cite news |date=July 28, 2015 |title=Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking think we should ban killer robots |newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/07/28/elon-musk-and-stephen-hawking-think-we-should-ban-killer-robots/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308074506/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/07/28/elon-musk-and-stephen-hawking-think-we-should-ban-killer-robots/ |archive-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> He has warned of a "[[Terminator (franchise)|Terminator]]-like" AI apocalypse and suggested that the government should regulate its safe development.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gomez |first=Brandon |date=August 24, 2021 |title=Elon Musk warned of a 'Terminator'-like AI apocalypse – now he's building a Tesla robot |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/24/elon-musk-warned-of-ai-apocalypsenow-hes-building-a-tesla-robot.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617005132/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/24/elon-musk-warned-of-ai-apocalypsenow-hes-building-a-tesla-robot.html |archive-date=June 17, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kakaes |first=Konstantin |date=April 26, 2022 |title=Elon Musk's biggest worry |work=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/digital-future-daily/2022/04/26/elon-musks-biggest-worry-00027915 |url-status=live |access-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527094551/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/digital-future-daily/2022/04/26/elon-musks-biggest-worry-00027915 |archive-date=May 27, 2022}}</ref> In 2015, Musk was a cosignatory, along with [[Stephen Hawking]] and hundreds of others, of the [[Open Letter on Artificial Intelligence]], which called for the ban of [[autonomous weapons]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Victor|first=Daniel|date=July 27, 2015|title=Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking Among Hundreds to Urge Ban on Military Robots|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/28/technology/elon-musk-and-stephen-hawking-among-hundreds-to-urge-ban-on-military-robots.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615212526/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/28/technology/elon-musk-and-stephen-hawking-among-hundreds-to-urge-ban-on-military-robots.html|archive-date=June 15, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk's AI stances have been called alarmist and sensationalist by critics such as computer scientist [[Yann LeCun]] and [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] CEO [[Mark Zuckerberg]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Shead |first=Sam |date=May 13, 2020 |title=Elon Musk has a complex relationship with the A.I. community |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/13/elon-musk-has-a-complex-relationship-with-the-ai-community.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111112156/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/13/elon-musk-has-a-complex-relationship-with-the-ai-community.html |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=December 13, 2020 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=June 9, 2018 |title=Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk and the Feud Over Killer Robots |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/09/technology/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-artificial-intelligence.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215051949/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/09/technology/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-artificial-intelligence.html |archive-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> and led the think tank [[Information Technology and Innovation Foundation]] to award Musk its Annual [[Luddite#Modern usage|Luddite]] Award in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 19, 2016 |title='Artificial intelligence alarmists' like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking win 'Luddite of the Year' award |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/elon-musk-stephen-hawking-luddite-award-of-the-year-itif-a6821921.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819152756/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/elon-musk-stephen-hawking-luddite-award-of-the-year-itif-a6821921.html |archive-date=August 19, 2017}}</ref>
-Musk has described [[climate change]] as the greatest threat to humanity after AI,<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Holthaus|first=Eric|date=February 9, 2018|title=Why Elon Musk's Ambition Is an Antidote to Climate-Pessimism|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/why-elon-musks-ambition-is-an-antidote-to-climate-pessimism-196804/|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=June 6, 2022|archive-date=June 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607031023/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/why-elon-musks-ambition-is-an-antidote-to-climate-pessimism-196804/|url-status=live}}</ref> and has advocated for a [[carbon tax]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Boyle|first=Louise|date=February 15, 2021|title=Elon Musk says Biden administration called a carbon tax 'too politically difficult'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/elon-musk-biden-carbon-tax-joe-rogan-b1802432.html|work=The Independent|access-date=June 6, 2022|archive-date=June 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607031024/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/elon-musk-biden-carbon-tax-joe-rogan-b1802432.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk was a critic of President [[Donald Trump]]'s stance on climate change,<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 29, 2020|title=Elon Musk says he may vote for Trump, despite climate crisis|first=Madeline|last=Roth|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election/elon-musk-vote-trump-president-us-elections-b681470.html|access-date=April 12, 2021|work=The Independent| archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412062314/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election/elon-musk-vote-trump-president-us-elections-b681470.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/12/14/13954102/elon-musk-travis-kalanick-donald-trump-strategic-policy-forum|title=Elon Musk and Travis Kalanick are joining Donald Trump's strategic and policy forum|last=Bhuiyan|first=Johana|date=December 14, 2016|work=Vox|access-date=March 7, 2020|archive-date=March 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325223216/https://www.vox.com/2016/12/14/13954102/elon-musk-travis-kalanick-donald-trump-strategic-policy-forum|url-status=live}}</ref> and resigned from two presidential business advisory councils following Trump's 2017 decision to [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|withdraw the United States]] from the [[Paris Agreement]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Timothy B.|date=June 1, 2017|title=Elon Musk has cut ties with Trump over his Paris decision|url=https://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/6/1/15724042/paris-climate-agreement-elon-musk|access-date=May 16, 2021|work=Vox|archive-date=May 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055011/https://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/6/1/15724042/paris-climate-agreement-elon-musk|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Musk has described [[climate change]] as the greatest threat to humanity after AI,<ref>{{cite news|last=Holthaus|first=Eric|date=February 9, 2018|title=Why Elon Musk's Ambition Is an Antidote to Climate-Pessimism|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/why-elon-musks-ambition-is-an-antidote-to-climate-pessimism-196804/|work=Rolling Stone|access-date=June 6, 2022|archive-date=June 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607031023/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/why-elon-musks-ambition-is-an-antidote-to-climate-pessimism-196804/|url-status=live}}</ref> and has advocated for a [[carbon tax]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Boyle|first=Louise|date=February 15, 2021|title=Elon Musk says Biden administration called a carbon tax 'too politically difficult'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/elon-musk-biden-carbon-tax-joe-rogan-b1802432.html|work=The Independent|access-date=June 6, 2022|archive-date=June 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607031024/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/elon-musk-biden-carbon-tax-joe-rogan-b1802432.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk was a critic of President [[Donald Trump]]'s stance on climate change,<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 29, 2020|title=Elon Musk says he may vote for Trump, despite climate crisis|first=Madeline|last=Roth|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election/elon-musk-vote-trump-president-us-elections-b681470.html|access-date=April 12, 2021|work=The Independent| archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412062314/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election/elon-musk-vote-trump-president-us-elections-b681470.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/12/14/13954102/elon-musk-travis-kalanick-donald-trump-strategic-policy-forum|title=Elon Musk and Travis Kalanick are joining Donald Trump's strategic and policy forum|last=Bhuiyan|first=Johana|date=December 14, 2016|work=Vox|access-date=March 7, 2020|archive-date=March 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325223216/https://www.vox.com/2016/12/14/13954102/elon-musk-travis-kalanick-donald-trump-strategic-policy-forum|url-status=live}}</ref> and resigned from two presidential business advisory councils following Trump's 2017 decision to [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|withdraw the United States]] from the [[Paris Agreement]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Timothy B.|date=June 1, 2017|title=Elon Musk has cut ties with Trump over his Paris decision|url=https://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/6/1/15724042/paris-climate-agreement-elon-musk|access-date=May 16, 2021|work=Vox|archive-date=May 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055011/https://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/6/1/15724042/paris-climate-agreement-elon-musk|url-status=live}}</ref>
 Musk has long promoted the [[colonization of Mars]] and argues that humanity should become a "[[Space and survival|multiplanetary species]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|date=September 27, 2016|title=Elon Musk's Plan: Get Humans to Mars, and Beyond|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/28/science/elon-musk-spacex-mars-exploration.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 10, 2022|archive-date=December 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214081254/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/28/science/elon-musk-spacex-mars-exploration.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He has suggested the use of [[nuclear weapons]] to [[Terraforming of Mars|terraform Mars]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|date=March 19, 2021|title=The Water on Mars Vanished. This Might Be Where It Went.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/19/science/mars-water-missing.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 26, 2022|archive-date=November 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124184254/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/19/science/mars-water-missing.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Delbert|first=Caroline|date=May 19, 2020|title=Elon Musk Needs 10,000+ Missiles to Nuke Mars. 'No Problem,' He Says|work=Popular Mechanics |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a32588385/elon-musk-terraform-mars-nuclear-missiles/|access-date=June 6, 2022|archive-date=May 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511113146/https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a32588385/elon-musk-terraform-mars-nuclear-missiles/|url-status=live}}</ref> He envisioned establishing a [[direct democracy]] on Mars, with a system in which more votes would be required to create laws than remove them.<ref name="Grush-2020">{{Cite news |title=Elon Musk thinks the best government for Mars is a direct democracy|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/2/11837590/elon-musk-mars-government-direct-democracy-law-code-conference|last=Grush|first=Loren |date=May 11, 2020|access-date=May 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719185616/https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/2/11837590/elon-musk-mars-government-direct-democracy-law-code-conference|archive-date=July 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk has also voiced concerns about human [[population decline]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Spocchia|first=Gina|date=May 27, 2022|title=Elon Musk mocked for saying 'Italy will have no people' due to population decline|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-italy-population-delcine-b2088900.html|work=The Independent|access-date=June 26, 2022|archive-date=June 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626154751/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-italy-population-delcine-b2088900.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Population decline and smaller families good news for climate, says former head of FSA |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/fsa-population-decline-climate-change-b1934877.html |work=The Independent |date=October 18, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530221524/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/fsa-population-decline-climate-change-b1934877.html}}</ref> saying that "Mars has zero human population. We need a lot of people to become a multiplanet civilization."<ref>{{cite news |title=Elon Musk claims population collapse 'potentially the greatest risk to the future of civilization' |work=CambridgeshireLive |date=July 29, 2021 |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/elon-musk-claims-population-collapse-21176445 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=May 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531045410/https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/elon-musk-claims-population-collapse-21176445}}</ref> Speaking at ''The Wall Street Journal''{{'}}s CEO Council session in 2021, Musk stated that a declining [[birth rate]], and consequent population decline, is one of the biggest [[Potential sources of global catastrophic risk|risks to human civilization]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Elon Musk says there aren't 'enough people,' birthrate could threaten human civilization |work=USA Today |date=December 7, 2021 |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2021/12/07/elon-musk-declining-birthrate-threatens-human-civilization/6414749001/ |access-date=June 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142824/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2021/12/07/elon-musk-declining-birthrate-threatens-human-civilization/6414749001/ |archive-date=May 10, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 268: / Line 268: @@
 While often described as [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]], Musk has called himself "politically moderate" and was a registered [[independent voter]] when he lived in California. ''The New York Times'' wrote that Musk "expresses views that don't fit neatly into [the American] binary, [[left-right political framework]]".<ref name="muskpolitics">{{cite news|last=Peters|first=Jeremy W.|date=April 26, 2022|title=The Elusive Politics of Elon Musk|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/16/business/elon-musk-politics-twitter.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 13, 2022|archive-date=June 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611171849/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/16/business/elon-musk-politics-twitter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Historically, Musk has donated to both [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]],<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite news|date=February 20, 2013|title=Elon Musk, SpaceX Founder, Battles Entrenched Rivals Over NASA Contracts|work=HuffPost|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/20/elon-musk-spacex_n_2727312.html|access-date=May 30, 2015|archive-date=May 30, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530231139/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/20/elon-musk-spacex_n_2727312.html}}</ref> many of whom are in states in which he has a vested interest.<ref name="muskpolitics" /> Beginning in the late 2010s, Musk's political contributions have shifted almost entirely to supporting Republicans.<ref>{{cite news|last=Robertson|first=Derek|title=Elon Musk Has Become the Villain Liberals Always Imagined Him to Be|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/06/10/elon-musk-twitter-republican-00038671 |work=Politico|access-date=November 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112204036/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/06/10/elon-musk-twitter-republican-00038671|archive-date=November 12, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Musk voted for [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 U.S. presidential election]].<ref name="firstpost">{{Cite news |date=May 30, 2022 |title=Accused of not supporting free speech, Elon Musk defends decision to vote Republicans in Nov |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/accused-of-not-supporting-free-speech-elon-musk-defends-decision-to-vote-republicans-in-nov-10739451.html |access-date=May 31, 2022|work=Firstpost|archive-date=May 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530224501/https://www.firstpost.com/world/accused-of-not-supporting-free-speech-elon-musk-defends-decision-to-vote-republicans-in-nov-10739451.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries]], Musk endorsed candidate [[Andrew Yang]] and expressed support for his proposed [[universal basic income]].<ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-10/elon-musk-says-he-supports-2020-white-house-hopeful-andrew-yang |url-access=limited |title=Elon Musk Says He Supports 2020 White House Hopeful Andrew Yang |author=Maria Jose Valero|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.| access-date=August 10, 2019 |date=August 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406194427/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-10/elon-musk-says-he-supports-2020-white-house-hopeful-andrew-yang|archive-date=April 6, 2020}}</ref> He also endorsed [[Kanye West]]'s [[Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Kirkpatrick|first=Emily|title=Elon Musk Supports Kanye West's Run for President...Again |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/07/elon-musk-kanye-west-president-support-again|access-date=September 5, 2020|magazine=Vanity Fair|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183739/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/07/elon-musk-kanye-west-president-support-again|url-status=live}}</ref> He said he voted for [[Joe Biden]] in the [[2020 U.S. presidential election]].<ref name="firstpost" /> In 2022, Musk said that he could "no longer support" the Democrats because they are the "party of division & hate",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spocchia |first1=Gino |title=Elon Musk says he plans to vote Republican for the first time |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-republican-voting-election-day-b2081531.html |access-date=May 18, 2022 |work=The Independent |date=May 18, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518070835/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-republican-voting-election-day-b2081531.html |archive-date=May 18, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Elon Musk Says Democrats Are No Longer 'the Kindness Party' |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-18/elon-musk-says-democrats-no-longer-the-kindness-party |access-date=May 18, 2022 }}</ref> and wrote a tweet encouraging "independent-minded voters" to vote Republican in the [[2022 U.S. elections]], which was an outlier among social media executives who typically avoid partisan political advocacy.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hassan|first1=Jennifer|last2=Oremus|first2=Will|date=November 7, 2022|title=Elon Musk recommends voting GOP, suspends Twitter accounts for 'impersonation'|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/07/elon-musk-twitter/|access-date=November 7, 2022|archive-date=November 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107170835/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/07/elon-musk-twitter/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 7, 2022 |title=Elon Musk recommends voting for Republicans in U.S. midterm elections |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/musk-recommends-voting-republicans-us-midterm-elections-tweet-2022-11-07/ |access-date=November 7, 2022 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111172745/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/musk-recommends-voting-republicans-us-midterm-elections-tweet-2022-11-07/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He has supported Republican [[Ron DeSantis]] for the [[2024 U.S. presidential election]], and Twitter hosted DeSantis's campaign announcement on a [[Twitter Spaces]] event.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schonfeld |first1=Zach |title=DeSantis on Musk tweet: 'I welcome support from African Americans' |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3525627-desantis-on-musk-tweet-i-welcome-support-from-african-americans/ |work=The Hill |date=June 15, 2022 |access-date=July 1, 2022 |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621033625/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3525627-desantis-on-musk-tweet-i-welcome-support-from-african-americans/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WaPoDesantis">{{Cite news |last=Siddiqui |first=Faiz |date=May 25, 2023 |title=Twitter repeatedly crashes as DeSantis tries to make presidential announcement |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/05/24/elon-musk-ron-desantis-2024-twitter/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-date=May 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524233307/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/05/24/elon-musk-ron-desantis-2024-twitter/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Twitter Spaces Glitches Plague DeSantis's 2024 Announcement |url=https://www.wsj.com/video/twitter-spaces-glitches-plague-desantiss-2024-announcement/B240C703-2EA7-430C-A709-7C90F2A26CBE.html |access-date=June 8, 2023 |work=The Wall Street Journal |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608011157/https://www.wsj.com/video/twitter-spaces-glitches-plague-desantiss-2024-announcement/B240C703-2EA7-430C-A709-7C90F2A26CBE.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of May 2023, Musk was declining to endorse any specific candidate.<ref name="WaPoDesantis" />
+Musk voted for [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 U.S. presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gardner|first1=Akayla|last2=Birnbaum|first2=Emily|last3=Frier|first3=Sarah|date= November 7, 2022|title=Elon Musk Tells Twitter Followers to Vote for a Republican Congress|url=Elon Musk Tells Twitter Followers to Vote for a Republican Congress|work=Bloomberg|access-date=September 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230000000000*/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-07/musk-tells-twitter-followers-to-vote-for-a-republican-congress/|archive-date=April 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries]], Musk endorsed candidate [[Andrew Yang]] and expressed support for his proposed [[universal basic income]].<ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-10/elon-musk-says-he-supports-2020-white-house-hopeful-andrew-yang |url-access=limited |title=Elon Musk Says He Supports 2020 White House Hopeful Andrew Yang |author=Maria Jose Valero|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.| access-date=August 10, 2019 |date=August 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406194427/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-10/elon-musk-says-he-supports-2020-white-house-hopeful-andrew-yang|archive-date=April 6, 2020}}</ref> He also endorsed [[Kanye West]]'s [[Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kirkpatrick|first=Emily|title=Elon Musk Supports Kanye West's Run for President...Again |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/07/elon-musk-kanye-west-president-support-again|access-date=September 5, 2020|work=Vanity Fair|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183739/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/07/elon-musk-kanye-west-president-support-again|url-status=live}}</ref> He said he voted for [[Joe Biden]] in the [[2020 U.S. presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Feinberg|first=Andrew|date=April 18, 2023|title= |url=https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-elon-musk-tucker-carlson-b2322101.html|work=The Independent|access-date=September 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919021700/https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-elon-musk-tucker-carlson-b2322101.html|archive-date=September 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, Musk said that he could "no longer support" the Democrats because they are the "party of division & hate",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spocchia |first1=Gino |title=Elon Musk says he plans to vote Republican for the first time |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-republican-voting-election-day-b2081531.html |access-date=May 18, 2022 |work=The Independent |date=May 18, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518070835/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-republican-voting-election-day-b2081531.html |archive-date=May 18, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Elon Musk Says Democrats Are No Longer 'the Kindness Party' |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-18/elon-musk-says-democrats-no-longer-the-kindness-party |access-date=May 18, 2022 |archive-date=June 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614034312/https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=1d886039-eb94-11ec-babd-494951417648&url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAyMi0wNS0xOC9lbG9uLW11c2stc2F5cy1kZW1vY3JhdHMtbm8tbG9uZ2VyLXRoZS1raW5kbmVzcy1wYXJ0eQ== |url-status=live }}</ref> and wrote a tweet encouraging "independent-minded voters" to vote Republican in the [[2022 U.S. elections]], which was an outlier among social media executives who typically avoid partisan political advocacy.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hassan|first1=Jennifer|last2=Oremus|first2=Will|date=November 7, 2022|title=Elon Musk recommends voting GOP, suspends Twitter accounts for 'impersonation'|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/07/elon-musk-twitter/|access-date=November 7, 2022|archive-date=November 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107170835/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/07/elon-musk-twitter/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 7, 2022 |title=Elon Musk recommends voting for Republicans in U.S. midterm elections |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/musk-recommends-voting-republicans-us-midterm-elections-tweet-2022-11-07/ |access-date=November 7, 2022 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111172745/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/musk-recommends-voting-republicans-us-midterm-elections-tweet-2022-11-07/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He has supported Republican [[Ron DeSantis]] for the [[2024 U.S. presidential election]], and Twitter hosted DeSantis's campaign announcement on a [[Twitter Spaces]] event.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schonfeld |first1=Zach |title=DeSantis on Musk tweet: 'I welcome support from African Americans' |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3525627-desantis-on-musk-tweet-i-welcome-support-from-african-americans/ |work=The Hill |date=June 15, 2022 |access-date=July 1, 2022 |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621033625/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3525627-desantis-on-musk-tweet-i-welcome-support-from-african-americans/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WaPoDesantis">{{Cite news |last=Siddiqui |first=Faiz |date=May 25, 2023 |title=Twitter repeatedly crashes as DeSantis tries to make presidential announcement |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/05/24/elon-musk-ron-desantis-2024-twitter/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-date=May 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524233307/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/05/24/elon-musk-ron-desantis-2024-twitter/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Twitter Spaces Glitches Plague DeSantis's 2024 Announcement |url=https://www.wsj.com/video/twitter-spaces-glitches-plague-desantiss-2024-announcement/B240C703-2EA7-430C-A709-7C90F2A26CBE.html |access-date=June 8, 2023 |work=The Wall Street Journal |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608011157/https://www.wsj.com/video/twitter-spaces-glitches-plague-desantiss-2024-announcement/B240C703-2EA7-430C-A709-7C90F2A26CBE.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of May 2023, Musk was declining to endorse any specific candidate.<ref name="WaPoDesantis" />
 Musk opposes a "[[Wealth tax|billionaire's tax]]",<ref>{{cite news|last=Wolf|first=Zachary B.|date=October 27, 2021|title=Elon Musk used government money to build Tesla. But he fears a tax on billionaires |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/27/politics/billionaire-tax-what-matters/index.html|work=CNN Politics|access-date=June 7, 2022|archive-date=February 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204114237/https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/27/politics/billionaire-tax-what-matters/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and has argued on Twitter with more left-leaning Democratic politicians such as [[Bernie Sanders]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maruf|first=Ramishah|title='I keep forgetting you're still alive:' Elon Musk trolls Bernie Sanders on Twitter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/14/business/elon-musk-bernie-sanders-tweet/index.html|access-date=November 18, 2021|publisher=CNN|date=November 14, 2021|archive-date=November 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118135616/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/14/business/elon-musk-bernie-sanders-tweet/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Lenthang|first=Marlene |date=November 15, 2021|title=Elon Musk targets Sen. Bernie Sanders over tax tweet: 'I keep forgetting that you're still alive'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/elon-musk-targets-sen-bernie-sanders-tax-tweet-keep-forgetting-re-stil-rcna5578|access-date=November 18, 2021|publisher=NBC News|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117161419/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/elon-musk-targets-sen-bernie-sanders-tax-tweet-keep-forgetting-re-stil-rcna5578|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Spocchia|first=Gino|date=May 1, 2022|title=AOC explains why she deleted tweet after Elon Musk accused her of 'hitting' on him|work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/aoc-elon-musk-tweet-deleted-b2069059.html|access-date=June 7, 2022|archive-date=June 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602094901/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/aoc-elon-musk-tweet-deleted-b2069059.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Elizabeth Warren]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Isidore|first=Chris |date=December 15, 2021|title=Elon Musk calls Elizabeth Warren 'Senator Karen' in fight over taxes|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/15/investing/elon-musk-elizabeth-warren-taxes/index.html |work=CNN Business|access-date=June 7, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310195907/https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/15/investing/elon-musk-elizabeth-warren-taxes/index.html}}</ref> He has raised questions about the [[Black Lives Matter]] protests, partially based on the fact that the phrase "[[Hands up, don't shoot]]" was made up.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 23, 2022 |title=Elon Musk Makes Fun of Twitter T-Shirts Linked to BLM Protests|work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-23/elon-musk-makes-fun-of-twitter-t-shirts-linked-to-blm-protests |quote=Elon Musk is courting more controversy at Twitter Inc., posting a video making fun of old t-shirts at the social media service that date back to the early days of the Black Lives Matter movement. |access-date=November 26, 2022 |archive-date=November 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123165434/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-23/elon-musk-makes-fun-of-twitter-t-shirts-linked-to-blm-protests |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Porterfield |first=Carlie |title=Musk Wars With The Left: Suggests 'Activists' Killed Moderation Plan And Baits Black Lives Matter Supporters |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2022/11/23/musk-wars-with-the-left-left-suggests-activists-killed-moderation-plan-and-baits-black-lives-matter-supporters/ |access-date=November 26, 2022|work=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113909/https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2022/11/23/musk-wars-with-the-left-left-suggests-activists-killed-moderation-plan-and-baits-black-lives-matter-supporters/|archive-date=November 28, 2022|quote=CEO Elon Musk is raising eyebrows by …raising questions about the Black Lives Matter protests.|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk also promoted a baseless theory relating to the [[Attack on Paul Pelosi|attack of Speaker Nancy Pelosi's husband]], but Musk deleted his tweet.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Elon Musk deleted a tweet about Paul Pelosi. Here's why that matters.|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/30/musk-deleted-tweet-pelosi/|access-date=November 26, 2022|archive-date=December 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201161757/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/30/musk-deleted-tweet-pelosi/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Musk has praised China and has been described as having a close relationship with the Chinese government, allowing access to its markets for Tesla.<ref>{{cite news|last=He|first=Laura|date=March 24, 2021|title=Elon Musk is trying to win China back|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-china-intl-hnk/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=July 1, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182137/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-china-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After [[Gigafactory Shanghai]] produced its first batch of vehicles, Musk thanked the Chinese government and Chinese people while criticizing the United States and its people.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last1=Marquis |first1=Christopher |url= |title=Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise |last2=Qiao |first2=Kunyuan |date=2022 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-26883-6 |location=New Haven |doi=10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k |jstor=j.ctv3006z6k |oclc=1348572572 |author-link=Christopher Marquis |s2cid=253067190}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=207-208}} In 2022, Musk wrote an article for ''China Cyberspace'', the official publication of [[Cyberspace Administration of China]], which enforces [[Internet censorship in China]]. His writing the article was described as conflicting with his advocacy for free speech.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=August 13, 2022 |title=Elon Musk pitches lofty goals in a magazine run by China's internet censorship agency |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/13/23304250/elon-musk-pitch-magazine-china-cyberspace-cac-censorship-agency-tesla-spacex-neuralink |access-date=August 17, 2022 |work=The Verge |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816204257/https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/13/23304250/elon-musk-pitch-magazine-china-cyberspace-cac-censorship-agency-tesla-spacex-neuralink |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 15, 2022 |title=Now Elon Musk Is Telling China's Censors About His Vision for the Future |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-15/musk-is-telling-china-s-censors-about-his-vision-for-the-future |access-date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref> Musk later advocated for Taiwan to become a "[[One country, two systems|special administrative zone]]" of China which drew cross-party criticism from Taiwanese lawmakers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taiwan parties slam Musk over 'special administrative zone' suggestion |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/cross-strait/202210080012 |agency=Focus Taiwan |access-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218074131/https://focustaiwan.tw/cross-strait/202210080012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Taiwan politicians dismiss Elon Musk's 'ill-informed and belittling' China comments |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/oct/10/taiwan-elon-musk-china-special-admin-region-comments-ill-informed-and-belittling |agency=The Guardian |access-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-date=January 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109203500/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/oct/10/taiwan-elon-musk-china-special-admin-region-comments-ill-informed-and-belittling |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Kanishka |last2=Jin |first2=Hyunjoo |date=October 8, 2022|title=Musk offers proposal on China-Taiwan tensions, after Russia-Ukraine plan |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/after-russia-ukraine-plan-musk-offers-proposal-resolve-china-taiwan-tensions-2022-10-08/|work=Reuters|access-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022101255/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/after-russia-ukraine-plan-musk-offers-proposal-resolve-china-taiwan-tensions-2022-10-08/|archive-date=October 22, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2022, Musk posted a Twitter poll and "peace plan" to resolve the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 3, 2022 |title=Zelenskiy hits back as Elon Musk sets up Twitter poll on annexed areas of Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/04/zelenskiy-hits-back-as-elon-musk-sets-up-twitter-poll-on-annexed-areas |access-date=October 12, 2022|work=the Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028044016/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/04/zelenskiy-hits-back-as-elon-musk-sets-up-twitter-poll-on-annexed-areas|archive-date=October 28, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NPR-2022">{{Cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=October 4, 2022|title=Elon Musk's peace plan for Ukraine draws condemnation from Zelenskyy |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/10/04/1126714896/elon-musk-ukraine-peace-plan-zelenskyy |access-date=October 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029000900/https://www.npr.org/2022/10/04/1126714896/elon-musk-ukraine-peace-plan-zelenskyy|archive-date=October 29, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported that Musk allegedly spoke with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] prior to the proposal, which Musk denied.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Champion |first=Matthew |title=Elon Musk Spoke to Putin Before Tweeting Ukraine Peace Plan: Report |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ake44z/elon-musk-vladimir-putin-ukraine |access-date=October 16, 2022 |work=Vice |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015223209/https://www.vice.com/en/article/ake44z/elon-musk-vladimir-putin-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 16, 2022 |title=Elon Musk denies he spoke to Putin about Ukraine war |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63225781 |access-date=October 16, 2022 |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015234326/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63225781 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bertrand |first1=Natasha |last2=Yeung |first2=Jessie |date=October 12, 2022|title=Elon Musk denies claim he spoke to Vladimir Putin about the war in Ukraine |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/11/business/elon-musk-ian-bremmer-putin-ukraine-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=October 16, 2022|work=CNN Business|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126133122/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/11/business/elon-musk-ian-bremmer-putin-ukraine-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=November 26, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Musk Denies Report He Spoke With Putin Before Peace Tweets|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-11/elon-musk-denies-report-he-spoke-with-putin-before-peace-tweets|work=Bloomberg|date=October 11, 2022|access-date=October 16, 2022|archive-date=October 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011175345/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-11/elon-musk-denies-report-he-spoke-with-putin-before-peace-tweets|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Musk has praised China and has been described as having a close relationship with the Chinese government, allowing access to its markets for Tesla.<ref>{{cite news|last=He|first=Laura|date=March 24, 2021|title=Elon Musk is trying to win China back|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-china-intl-hnk/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=July 1, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182137/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/tech/elon-musk-china-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After [[Gigafactory Shanghai]] produced its first batch of vehicles, Musk thanked the Chinese government and Chinese people while criticizing the United States and its people.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last1=Marquis |first1=Christopher |url= |title=Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise |last2=Qiao |first2=Kunyuan |date=2022 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-26883-6 |location=New Haven |doi=10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k |jstor=j.ctv3006z6k |oclc=1348572572 |author-link=Christopher Marquis |s2cid=253067190}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=207-208}} In 2022, Musk wrote an article for ''China Cyberspace'', the official publication of [[Cyberspace Administration of China]], which enforces [[Internet censorship in China]]. His writing the article was described as conflicting with his advocacy for free speech.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=August 13, 2022 |title=Elon Musk pitches lofty goals in a magazine run by China's internet censorship agency |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/13/23304250/elon-musk-pitch-magazine-china-cyberspace-cac-censorship-agency-tesla-spacex-neuralink |access-date=August 17, 2022 |work=The Verge |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816204257/https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/13/23304250/elon-musk-pitch-magazine-china-cyberspace-cac-censorship-agency-tesla-spacex-neuralink |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 15, 2022 |title=Now Elon Musk Is Telling China's Censors About His Vision for the Future |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-15/musk-is-telling-china-s-censors-about-his-vision-for-the-future |access-date=August 17, 2022 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111172757/https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=4a26392b-91d5-11ed-a797-63754957684b&url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAyMi0wOC0xNS9tdXNrLWlzLXRlbGxpbmctY2hpbmEtcy1jZW5zb3JzLWFib3V0LWhpcy12aXNpb24tZm9yLXRoZS1mdXR1cmU= |url-status=live }}</ref> Musk later advocated for Taiwan to become a "[[One country, two systems|special administrative zone]]" of China which drew cross-party criticism from Taiwanese lawmakers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taiwan parties slam Musk over 'special administrative zone' suggestion |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/cross-strait/202210080012 |agency=Focus Taiwan |access-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218074131/https://focustaiwan.tw/cross-strait/202210080012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Taiwan politicians dismiss Elon Musk's 'ill-informed and belittling' China comments |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/oct/10/taiwan-elon-musk-china-special-admin-region-comments-ill-informed-and-belittling |agency=The Guardian |access-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-date=January 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109203500/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/oct/10/taiwan-elon-musk-china-special-admin-region-comments-ill-informed-and-belittling |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Kanishka |last2=Jin |first2=Hyunjoo |date=October 8, 2022|title=Musk offers proposal on China-Taiwan tensions, after Russia-Ukraine plan |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/after-russia-ukraine-plan-musk-offers-proposal-resolve-china-taiwan-tensions-2022-10-08/|work=Reuters|access-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022101255/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/after-russia-ukraine-plan-musk-offers-proposal-resolve-china-taiwan-tensions-2022-10-08/|archive-date=October 22, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2022, Musk posted a Twitter poll and "peace plan" to resolve the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 3, 2022 |title=Zelenskiy hits back as Elon Musk sets up Twitter poll on annexed areas of Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/04/zelenskiy-hits-back-as-elon-musk-sets-up-twitter-poll-on-annexed-areas |access-date=October 12, 2022|work=the Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028044016/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/04/zelenskiy-hits-back-as-elon-musk-sets-up-twitter-poll-on-annexed-areas|archive-date=October 28, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NPR-2022">{{Cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=October 4, 2022|title=Elon Musk's peace plan for Ukraine draws condemnation from Zelenskyy |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/10/04/1126714896/elon-musk-ukraine-peace-plan-zelenskyy |access-date=October 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029000900/https://www.npr.org/2022/10/04/1126714896/elon-musk-ukraine-peace-plan-zelenskyy|archive-date=October 29, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported that Musk allegedly spoke with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] prior to the proposal, which Musk denied.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Champion |first=Matthew |title=Elon Musk Spoke to Putin Before Tweeting Ukraine Peace Plan: Report |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ake44z/elon-musk-vladimir-putin-ukraine |access-date=October 16, 2022 |work=Vice |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015223209/https://www.vice.com/en/article/ake44z/elon-musk-vladimir-putin-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 16, 2022 |title=Elon Musk denies he spoke to Putin about Ukraine war |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63225781 |access-date=October 16, 2022 |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015234326/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63225781 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bertrand |first1=Natasha |last2=Yeung |first2=Jessie |date=October 12, 2022|title=Elon Musk denies claim he spoke to Vladimir Putin about the war in Ukraine |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/11/business/elon-musk-ian-bremmer-putin-ukraine-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=October 16, 2022|work=CNN Business|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126133122/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/11/business/elon-musk-ian-bremmer-putin-ukraine-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=November 26, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Musk Denies Report He Spoke With Putin Before Peace Tweets|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-11/elon-musk-denies-report-he-spoke-with-putin-before-peace-tweets|work=Bloomberg|date=October 11, 2022|access-date=October 16, 2022|archive-date=October 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011175345/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-11/elon-musk-denies-report-he-spoke-with-putin-before-peace-tweets|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===COVID-19===
@@ Line 286: / Line 286: @@
 In September 2020, Musk stated that he would not get the [[COVID-19 vaccine]], because he and his children were "not at risk for COVID".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brooks|first1=Khristopher J.|title=SpaceX faced COVID-19 outbreak, health records show|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-covid-19-outbreak-los-angeles/|access-date=June 8, 2022|publisher=CBS News|date=December 22, 2021|archive-date=June 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608125024/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-covid-19-outbreak-los-angeles/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Setty |first1=Ganesh |title=Elon Musk doubles down on Covid-19 skepticism and says he won't take future vaccine |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/29/business/elon-musk-nyt-podcast-covid-vaccine/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=June 14, 2022|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128192856/https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/29/business/elon-musk-nyt-podcast-covid-vaccine/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two months later, Musk contracted COVID-19 but suggested his [[COVID-19 rapid antigen test]] results were dubious, as he had been tested four times on the same device with the same nurse but had received equal numbers of positive and negative results.<ref name=Andrews2023>{{cite news|last=Andrews|first=Travis M.|date=November 17, 2020|title=A scientist's viral tweet called Elon Musk 'Space Karen' – as a way to defend science|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/17/space-karen-elon-musk/|newspaper=The Washington Post| access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111034119/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/17/space-karen-elon-musk/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, a [[postdoctoral fellow]] at the [[Princess Margaret Cancer Centre]] in Toronto explained in a [[Twitter|Tweet]] why this result does not undermine the value of the test, referring to Musk as "Space [[Karen (pejorative)|Karen]]," which then [[Twitter trends|trended on Twitter]].<ref name=Andrews2023/><ref>{{cite news|last=Cuthbertson|first=Anthony|date=November 16, 2020|title=Elon Musk Forced to Watch Historic SpaceX Launch from Home and Mocked as 'Space Karen' After Catching COVID|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/elon-musk-coronavirus-spacex-launch-covid-b1723556.html|work=The Independent| access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121040828/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/elon-musk-coronavirus-spacex-launch-covid-b1723556.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In December 2021, Musk revealed that he and his eligible children had received the vaccine, saying that the science behind the COVID vaccines was "unequivocal" but expressing his opposition to COVID [[vaccine mandate]]s.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Ball|first1=Molly|last2=Kluger|first2=Jeffrey|last3=De La Garza|first3=Alejandro|date=December 13, 2021|title=Elon Musk: Person of the Year|url=https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2021-elon-musk/|magazine=Time|access-date=June 13, 2022|archive-date=December 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213124147/https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2021-elon-musk/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+In December 2021, Musk revealed that he and his eligible children had received the vaccine, saying that the science behind the COVID vaccines was "unequivocal" but expressing his opposition to COVID [[vaccine mandate]]s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ball|first1=Molly|last2=Kluger|first2=Jeffrey|last3=De La Garza|first3=Alejandro|date=December 13, 2021|title=Elon Musk: Person of the Year|url=https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2021-elon-musk/|work=Time|access-date=June 13, 2022|archive-date=December 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213124147/https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2021-elon-musk/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Finance===
 Musk said that the U.S. government should not provide [[subsidies]] to companies, but impose a [[carbon tax]] to discourage poor behavior.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolodny |first=Lora |date=October 8, 2021 |title=Elon Musk endorses a carbon tax, downplays concerns about methane |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/07/elon-musk-endorses-carbon-tax-at-tesla-shareholder-meeting.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222155758/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/07/elon-musk-endorses-carbon-tax-at-tesla-shareholder-meeting.html |archive-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Clifford |first=Catherine |date=February 12, 2021 |title=Elon Musk: 'My top recommendation' for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a carbon tax |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/12/elon-musk-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-with-a-carbon-tax.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222155758/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/12/elon-musk-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-with-a-carbon-tax.html |archive-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref> The [[free market]], in his view, would achieve the best solution, and producing environmentally unfriendly vehicles should have consequences.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Werber |first1=Cassie |title=Elon Musk says tax-free carbon is "the dumbest experiment in history" |work=Quartz |url=http://qz.com/564782/elon-musk-says-tax-free-carbon-is-the-dumbest-experiment-in-history/ |access-date=August 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826161408/https://qz.com/564782/elon-musk-says-tax-free-carbon-is-the-dumbest-experiment-in-history/ |archive-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> Tesla has received billions of dollars in subsidies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taxpayer Subsidies Helped Tesla Motors, So Why Does Elon Musk Slam Them? |work=Mother Jones |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/10/tesla-motors-free-ride-elon-musk-government-subsidies |access-date=April 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616165121/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/10/tesla-motors-free-ride-elon-musk-government-subsidies/ |archive-date=June 16, 2020}}</ref> In addition, Tesla made large sums from government-initiated systems of zero-emissions credits offered in [[Clean Vehicle Rebate Project|California]] and at the [[Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States#Government support|United States federal level]], which facilitated initial consumer adoption of Tesla vehicles, as the [[Tax credit|tax credits]] given by governments enabled Tesla's [[Battery electric vehicle|battery electric vehicles]] to be price-competitive, in comparison with existing lower-priced [[internal combustion engine]] vehicles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Plumer |first=Brad |date=July 8, 2017 |title=When Will Electric Cars Go Mainstream? It May Be Sooner Than You Think |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/08/climate/electric-cars-batteries.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708071840/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/08/climate/electric-cars-batteries.html |archive-date=July 8, 2017}}</ref> Notably, Tesla generates some of its revenue from its sales of [[Carbon credit|carbon credits]] granted to the company, by both the [[European Union Emissions Trading System]] and the [[Chinese national carbon trading scheme]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kharpal |first=Arjun |date=May 18, 2021 |title=What 'regulatory credits' are – and why they're so important to Tesla |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/18/tesla-electric-vehicle-regulatory-credits-explained.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222155800/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/18/tesla-electric-vehicle-regulatory-credits-explained.html |archive-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=In struggle to meet EU rule, automakers turn to Tesla for credits |work=Nikkei Asia |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/In-struggle-to-meet-EU-rule-automakers-turn-to-Tesla-for-credits |url-status=live |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214070318/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/In-struggle-to-meet-EU-rule-automakers-turn-to-Tesla-for-credits |archive-date=December 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 8, 2019 |title=Fiat Chrysler to pay Tesla for CO2 emissions credits |work=euractiv.com |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/electric-cars/news/fiat-chrysler-to-pay-tesla-for-co2-emissions-credits/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222155758/https://www.euractiv.com/section/electric-cars/news/fiat-chrysler-to-pay-tesla-for-co2-emissions-credits/ |archive-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 5, 2021 |title=Volkswagen to buy CO2 credits from Tesla in China |work=electrive.com |url=https://www.electrive.com/2021/04/05/volkswagen-to-buy-co2-credits-from-tesla-in-china/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222155800/https://www.electrive.com/2021/04/05/volkswagen-to-buy-co2-credits-from-tesla-in-china/ |archive-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref>
-Musk, a longtime opponent of [[Short (finance)|short-selling]], has repeatedly criticized the practice and argued it should be illegal.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Stewart|first=Jack|date=October 6, 2018|title=What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Hate Them?|url=https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|magazine=Wired|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129003324/https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Graziosi|first=Graig|date=January 29, 2021|title=Elon Musk lashes out at short sellers during GameStop market war|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-short-sellers-gamestop-b1794444.html|work=The Independent| access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129040712/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-short-sellers-gamestop-b1794444.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Wired'' magazine speculated that Musk's opposition to short-selling stems from how short sellers have an incentive to find and promote unfavorable information about his companies.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Musk Hate Them?|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|access-date=May 19, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129003324/https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2021, he encouraged the [[GameStop short squeeze]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Matt|date=February 4, 2021|title=Who's Winning the GameStop Game?|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-02-04/elon-musk-s-gamestop-tweets-are-now-a-hedge-fund-signal|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.| access-date=February 4, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205070028/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-02-04/elon-musk-s-gamestop-tweets-are-now-a-hedge-fund-signal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gelles|first=David|date=January 29, 2021|title=Elon Musk Becomes Unlikely Anti-Establishment Hero in GameStop Saga|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/business/elon-musk-gamestop-twitter.html|work=The New York Times| access-date=February 4, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204130926/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/business/elon-musk-gamestop-twitter.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Musk, a longtime opponent of [[Short (finance)|short-selling]], has repeatedly criticized the practice and argued it should be illegal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=Jack|date=October 6, 2018|title=What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Hate Them?|url=https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|work=Wired|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129003324/https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Graziosi|first=Graig|date=January 29, 2021|title=Elon Musk lashes out at short sellers during GameStop market war|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-short-sellers-gamestop-b1794444.html|work=The Independent| access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129040712/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-short-sellers-gamestop-b1794444.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Wired'' magazine speculated that Musk's opposition to short-selling stems from how short sellers have an incentive to find and promote unfavorable information about his companies.<ref>{{Cite news|title=What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Musk Hate Them?|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|access-date=May 19, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129003324/https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2021, he encouraged the [[GameStop short squeeze]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Matt|date=February 4, 2021|title=Who's Winning the GameStop Game?|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-02-04/elon-musk-s-gamestop-tweets-are-now-a-hedge-fund-signal|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.| access-date=February 4, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205070028/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-02-04/elon-musk-s-gamestop-tweets-are-now-a-hedge-fund-signal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gelles|first=David|date=January 29, 2021|title=Elon Musk Becomes Unlikely Anti-Establishment Hero in GameStop Saga|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/business/elon-musk-gamestop-twitter.html|work=The New York Times| access-date=February 4, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204130926/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/business/elon-musk-gamestop-twitter.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 In December 2022, Musk sold $3.6 billion of his stock in Tesla, equal to 22 million shares in the company,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ponnezhath |first1=Maria |last2=Jin |first2=Hyunjoo |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Musk cashes out another $3.6 bln in Tesla stock|work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/elon-musk-sells-22-mln-tesla-shares-worth-36-bln-filing-2022-12-15/ |access-date=December 15, 2022 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111172738/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/elon-musk-sells-22-mln-tesla-shares-worth-36-bln-filing-2022-12-15/ |url-status=live }}</ref> despite pledging earlier in the year that he would not sell any additional shares.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Merced |first1=Michael J. de la |last2=Eavis |first2=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Elon Musk Sells Another Big Chunk of Tesla Stock |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/business/elon-musk-tesla-stock.html |access-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204073051/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/business/elon-musk-tesla-stock.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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 Musk has promoted [[Cryptocurrency|cryptocurrencies]] and supports them over traditional [[Fiat money|government-issued fiat currencies]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 22, 2021|title=Musk says he supports crypto in battle with fiat money|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/musk-says-he-supports-crypto-battle-with-fiat-money-2021-05-22/|access-date=May 31, 2021|work=Reuters|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213907/https://www.reuters.com/technology/musk-says-he-supports-crypto-battle-with-fiat-money-2021-05-22/|url-status=live}}</ref> Given the influence of Musk's tweets in moving cryptocurrency markets,<ref>{{Cite SSRN|last=Ante|first=Lennart|date=February 3, 2021|title=How Elon Musk's Twitter Activity Moves Cryptocurrency Markets|ssrn=3778844}}</ref> his statements about cryptocurrencies have been viewed as [[market manipulation]] by some, such as economist [[Nouriel Roubini]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=SEC Should Monitor Tesla's Elon Musk for Market Manipulation: Roubini|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sec-monitor-tesla-elon-musk-063109452.html|access-date=May 31, 2021|work=Yahoo|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213636/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sec-monitor-tesla-elon-musk-063109452.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk's social media praising of [[Bitcoin]] and [[Dogecoin]] was credited for increasing their prices. Consequently, Tesla's 2021 announcement, against the backdrop of Musk's social media behavior, that it bought $1.5&nbsp;billion worth of Bitcoin, raised questions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kovach |first1=Steve |title=Tesla buys $1.5&nbsp;billion in bitcoin, plans to accept it as payment |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/08/tesla-buys-1point5-billion-in-bitcoin.html |work=CNBC|date=February 8, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |archive-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601155410/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/08/tesla-buys-1point5-billion-in-bitcoin.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Tesla's announcement that it would accept Bitcoin for payment was criticized by environmentalists and investors, due to the [[environmental impact of cryptocurrencies|environmental impact of cryptocurrency mining]]. A few months later, in response to the criticism, Musk announced on Twitter that Tesla would no longer accept payments in Bitcoin and would not engage in any [[Bitcoin network#Transactions|Bitcoin transactions]] until the environmental issues are solved.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hoskins |first1=Peter |title=Tesla will no longer accept Bitcoin over climate concerns, says Musk |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57096305 |work=BBC News|date=May 13, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |archive-date=May 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531102821/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57096305 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Adam |title=Bitcoin crashes as Elon Musk announces Tesla cars can no longer be bought with cryptocurrency |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/space/elon-musk-bitcoin-crash-tesla-cryptocurrency-b1846650.html |work=The Independent|date=May 13, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |archive-date=June 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605212023/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/elon-musk-bitcoin-crash-tesla-cryptocurrency-b1846650.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Despite the Boring Company's involvement in building mass transit infrastructure, Musk has criticized public transport and promoted individualized transport (private vehicles).<ref name="Wired:transit">{{Cite magazine |last=Marshall |first=Aarian |date=December 14, 2017 |title=Elon Musk Really Doesn't Like Mass Transit Systems He's Trying to Build |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-awkward-dislike-mass-transit/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214124120/https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-awkward-dislike-mass-transit/ |archive-date=December 14, 2017}}</ref><ref name="qz:transit">{{Cite news |last=Sampson |first=Rich |date=December 26, 2017 |title=What Elon Musk doesn't understand about public transit hurts everyone |url=https://qz.com/1165724/elon-musks-comments-about-public-transit-hurts-everyone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222171424/https://qz.com/1165724/elon-musks-comments-about-public-transit-hurts-everyone/ |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |access-date=December 22, 2021 |work=Quartz}}</ref><ref name="guardian54">{{Cite news|last=Hunt|first=Elle|date=December 21, 2017|title='I met my wife on a train platform': Twitter responds to Elon Musk with positive public transport stories|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/dec/21/elon-musk-public-transport-transit-painful-twitter |url-status=live|access-date=December 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314203855/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/dec/21/elon-musk-public-transport-transit-painful-twitter|archive-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> His comments have been called "elitist" and have sparked widespread criticism from both transportation and [[urban planning]] experts, who have pointed out that public transportation in dense [[urban areas]] is more economical, more energy efficient, and requires much less space than private cars.<ref name="qz:transit" /><ref>{{cite news |last=LeVine |first=Steve |date=December 28, 2017 |title=Elon Musk's mean Twitter persona |work=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/elon-musks-mean-twitter-persona-2519102985.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229113747/https://www.axios.com/elon-musks-mean-twitter-persona-2519102985.html |archive-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="guardian54" />
+Despite the Boring Company's involvement in building mass transit infrastructure, Musk has criticized public transport and promoted individualized transport (private vehicles).<ref name="Wired:transit">{{Cite news |last=Marshall |first=Aarian |date=December 14, 2017 |title=Elon Musk Really Doesn't Like Mass Transit Systems He's Trying to Build |work=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-awkward-dislike-mass-transit/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214124120/https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-awkward-dislike-mass-transit/ |archive-date=December 14, 2017}}</ref><ref name="qz:transit">{{Cite news |last=Sampson |first=Rich |date=December 26, 2017 |title=What Elon Musk doesn't understand about public transit hurts everyone |url=https://qz.com/1165724/elon-musks-comments-about-public-transit-hurts-everyone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222171424/https://qz.com/1165724/elon-musks-comments-about-public-transit-hurts-everyone/ |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |access-date=December 22, 2021 |work=Quartz}}</ref><ref name="guardian54">{{Cite news|last=Hunt|first=Elle|date=December 21, 2017|title='I met my wife on a train platform': Twitter responds to Elon Musk with positive public transport stories|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/dec/21/elon-musk-public-transport-transit-painful-twitter |url-status=live|access-date=December 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314203855/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/dec/21/elon-musk-public-transport-transit-painful-twitter|archive-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> His comments have been called "elitist" and have sparked widespread criticism from both transportation and [[urban planning]] experts, who have pointed out that public transportation in dense [[urban areas]] is more economical, more energy efficient, and requires much less space than private cars.<ref name="qz:transit" /><ref>{{cite news |last=LeVine |first=Steve |date=December 28, 2017 |title=Elon Musk's mean Twitter persona|work=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/elon-musks-mean-twitter-persona-2519102985.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229113747/https://www.axios.com/elon-musks-mean-twitter-persona-2519102985.html |archive-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="guardian54" />
 ==Personal life==