John Franklin Enders
John Franklin Enders ForMemRS | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | September 8, 1985 | (aged 88)
Nationality | American |
Education | St. Paul's School |
Alma mater | Yale University Harvard University |
Known for | culturing poliovirus, isolating measlesvirus, developing measles vaccine |
Awards | Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (1954) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1954) Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1960) |
John Franklin Enders (February 10, 1897 – September 8, 1985) was an American biomedical scientist and
Life and education
Enders was born in
After returning from
Enders died at his summer home in Waterford, Connecticut, aged 88, on 8 September 1985.[4] His wife died in 2000.
Biomedical career
In 1949, Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, and Frederick Chapman Robbins reported successful in vitro culture of an animal virus—poliovirus.[6] The three received the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue".[7]
Meanwhile, Jonas Salk applied the Enders-Weller-Robbins technique to produce large quantities of poliovirus, and then developed a polio vaccine in 1952. Upon the 1954 polio vaccine field trial, whose success Salk announced on the radio,[8] Salk became a public hero but failed to credit the many other researchers that his effort rode upon, and was somewhat shunned by America's scientific establishment.[9]
In 1954, Enders and
He continued to work in virology research till the late 1970s and retired from the laboratory at the age of 80.[4][13]
Honors
- 1946: Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[14]
- 1953: Member of the American Philosophical Society[15]
- 1954: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Frederick Chapman Robbins and Thomas Huckle Weller)[7][16][17]
- 1954: Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research[18]
- 1955: Kyle Award from the U.S. Public Health Service[19]
- 1955: Member of the American Philosophical Society[20]
- 1958: inducted into the Polio Hall of Fame[21]
- 1960: Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh[22][23]
- 1962: Robert Koch Prize[24]
- 1963: Presidential Medal of Freedom[25]
- 1963: Science Achievement Award from the American Medical Association[26]
- 1967: Foreign Member, The Royal Society[1]
Enders also held honorary doctoral degrees from 13 universities.[27]
See also
References
- ^ S2CID 42188390.
- S2CID 2884917.
- ^ a b c "John F. Enders - Biographical". NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d Ofgang, Erik (12 August 2020). "How a Connecticut scientist became the 'Father of Modern Vaccines'". Connecticut Magazine (September 2020).
- ^ Thomas H Weller & Frederick C Robbins, A Biographical Memoir: John Franklin Enders (1897–1985), (Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1991), p 48.
- PMID 17794160.
- ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
Prize motivation: for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue.
- ^ "Salk announces polio vaccine" Archived 2010-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. History.com. 2010. Retrieved 31 Jan 2010.
- ^ Balik R, "On this day: Polio vaccine declared safe", FindingDulcinea, 12 Apr 2011.
- ^ PMID 21873696.
- ^ a b Bakalar N, "First mention: Measles vaccine, 1960", New York Times, 5 Oct 2010, p D2.
- ^ Webb, Nicholas. "HSL Research Guides: Ernst Ludwig Wynder Autograph Collection: John Enders, Ph.D." guides.library.nymc.edu. New York Medical College Health Sciences Library. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
In 1963, Pfizer introduced a deactivated measles vaccine, and Merck & Co introduced an attenuated measles vaccine.
- ^ Thomas H Weller & Frederick C Robbins, A Biographical Memoir: John Franklin Enders (1897–1985), (Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1991), p 60.
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 15 Apr 2011.
- ^ "John F. Enders". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2023-01-20.
- ^ "How a CT man who majored in English at Yale became the 'Father of Modern Vaccines'". CTInsider.com. 2020-09-08. Archived from the original on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
- ^ October 2019, Live Science Staff 07 (7 October 2019). "Nobel Prize in Medicine: 1901-Present". livescience.com. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Technology for cultivating polio virus". The Lasker Foundation. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ "Enders, John F. (1897-1985) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-01-20.
- ^ "Polio Hall of Fame opening ceremony, 1958 - Stock Image - C003/7443". Science Photo Library. Science Photo Library. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
Credit: US National Archives and Records Administration .... The busts, and those they represent (those on the wall but not present are in brackets), are, from left to right: (Jakob Heine, Karl Oskar Medin, Ivar Wickman, Karl Landsteiner), Thomas Milton Rivers, Charles Armstrong, John R. Paul, Thomas Francis, Jr., Albert Sabin, Joseph L. Melnick, Isabel Morgan, Howard A. Howe, David Bodian, (John F. Enders), Jonas E. Salk, Franklin D. Roosevelt (represented by his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt), Basil O'Connor.
- PMID 13890171.
This paper is an attempt to review in the light of earlier research certain recent work on measles virus with emphasis on the development of a living attenuated vaccine against the disease. It was presented as a Cameron Prize Lecture before the Faculty of Medicine, Edinburgh University, 16 May 1961. ....
- S2CID 220186676.
... and the Cameron Prize for Practical Therapeutics was awarded in absentia to Professor John Frank Enders, Professor of Bacteriology and Immunology in the University of car (sic), for his work on the growing of virus of poliomyelitis and other studies in viruses.
- ^ "Robert Koch Stiftung - Robert Koch Award". www.robert-koch-stiftung.de. Robert Koch Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-56802-128-7. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ISSN 0098-7484. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Thomas H Weller & Frederick C Robbins, A Biographical Memoir: John Franklin Enders (1897–1985), (Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1991), p 62.
- Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). Encyclopedia of World Scientists. New York: Facts on File.
- Tyrrell, D. A. J. (1987). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society Vol. 33. The Royal Society.
External links
- John F. Enders on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1954 The Cultivation of the Poliomyelitis Viruses in Tissue Culture
- John Franklin Enders Papers (MS 1478). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.