Maguindanao language
Maguindanaon | |
---|---|
Basa Magindanawn باس مڬندنون | |
Native to | North Cotabato, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Occidental |
Ethnicity | Maguindanaon |
Native speakers | 2,021,099 - 3,219,000 (2020)[1] |
Dialects |
|
Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | mdh |
Glottolog | magu1243 |
Areas where Maguindanaon is the majority language | |
Maguindanaon (basa Magindanawn,
History
The Maguindanaon language is the native language of the Maguindanaon people of the province of Maguindanao located in the west of Mindanao island in the south of the Philippines. It was the language of the Sultanate of Maguindanao, which lasted until near the end of the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century.
The earliest works on the language by a European were carried out by Jacinto Juanmartí, a Catalan priest of the
A number of works about and in the language have since been published by Filipino and foreign authors.
Distribution
Maguindanaon has 3 major dialects: Taw sa ilud, Taw sa laya, and Biwangen.
Maguindanaon dialects are:
- Ilud dialect: is spoken in Mlang. The speech of the municipalities of Pikit, Matalam, Pagalungan and Pagagawan differs in pronunciation and intonation from the ilud dialect, but is similar in vocabulary.
- Laya dialect: is spoken in municipalities of Sto. Nino, Surallah, Norala, Banga, Lake Sebu, Koronadal, Tantangan, Polomolok, Tampakan and Tupi, all in the province of South Cotabato as well as some other parts of Davao City, Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental and Bukidnon.
- Biwangen dialect: is spoken in Pagadian City.
Phonology
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ ~ ə | u |
Mid | (e) | (o) | |
Open | a |
The vowels [e] and [o] only occur in loanwords from Spanish through Tagalog or Cebuano and from Malay.
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive
|
voiceless | p | t
|
k | ||
voiced | b | d
|
(dʒ) | ɡ | ||
Fricative
|
s (z) | h | ||||
Nasal | m | n
|
ŋ | |||
Tap
|
ɾ | |||||
Lateral | l
|
|||||
Approximant
|
w | j |
The phonemes /z/ and /dʒ/ only appear in loanwords. The sound [dʒ] also appears an allophonic realization for the sequences /d + s/ (e.g. [dʒaɭumˈani ka] /(ə)dsalumani ka/ 'repeat that!') and /d + i/ (only before another vowel before vowel, e.g. [ˈmidʒas] /midias/ 'stockings'); the sound [z] also appears as an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants. /ɾ/ can also be trilled [
/ɾ/ and /l/ are interchangeable in words which include a written l, and the prevalence by which it is used or is dominant denotes the local dialects of Maguindanaon. /l/ may also be heard as a retroflex [ɭ] in intervocalic positions.[9] The Laya (Raya) or lowland dialect of Maguindanaon, spoken in and around Cotabato City, prefers the flapped r over l, while the more conservative upland variety spoken in Datu Piang and inland areas favors l.
Grammar
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
As in the Maranao language, Maguindanaon pronouns can be also free or bound to the word/morpheme before it.
Nominative (free) |
Nominative (bound) |
Genitive/Ergative (bound) |
Oblique (free) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
I | saki | aku | ku | laki |
you (singular) | seka | ka | 'engka ~ nengka | leka |
he/she/it | sekanin | sekanin | nin | lekanin |
we (dual) | sekita | ta | ta | lekita |
we (including you) | sekitanu | tanu | tanu | lekitanu |
we (excluding you) | sekami | kami | nami | lekami |
you (plural) | sekanu | kanu | nu | lekanu |
they | silan | silan | nilan | kanilan |
Numbers
Maguindanaon numerals:
Maguindanaon | |
---|---|
1 | isa/sa |
2 | dua |
3 | telu |
4 | pat |
5 | lima |
6 | nem |
7 | pitu |
8 | walu |
9 | siaw |
10 | sapulu |
20 | dua pulu |
30 | telu pulu |
40 | pat pulu |
50 | lima pulu |
60 | nem pulu |
70 | pitu pulu |
80 | walu pulu |
90 | siaw pulu |
100 | magatus |
1,000 | sangibu |
Colors
English | Maguindanaon |
---|---|
black | maitem |
white | maputi |
red | maliga |
orange | kulit |
yellow | binaning |
green | gadung |
blue | bilu |
purple | lambayung |
pink | kasumba |
gray | kaumbi |
brown | sikulati |
Phrases
English | Maguindanaon | English | Maguindanaon |
---|---|---|---|
How are you? | Ngin i betad engka? | Good morning | Mapia mapita |
Good noon | Mapia maudtu | Good afternoon | Mapia malulem |
Good day | Mapia gay | Good evening | Mapia magabi |
I will go now | Lemu aku den | Until next time | Sampay sa tundug a kutika |
You're so diligent | Sangat i katulanged nengka / Matulanged ka a benal | You're so kind | Sangat i kalimu nengka / Malimu ka a benal |
You're so beautiful | Sangat i kanisan nengka / Manisan ka a benal | Thanks! | Sukran! |
Thank you! | Sukran sa leka! | Thank you very much! | Sukran a benal! |
You're welcome | Afwan | Welcome! | Talus ka! |
Yes | Uway | No | Di |
None | Da | Not | Kena |
Who? | Entain? | What? | Ngin? |
Where? | Endaw? | Which? | Endaw san? |
When? | Kanu? | How? | Panun? |
Why? | Enduken? | This | Inia |
That | Intu/Nan | There | San |
Here | Sia | In | Lu |
Signs
Writing system
Maguindanao is written with the Latin script, and used to be written with the Jawi script. Among works on the language published by Jacinto Juanmartí, his sacred history Compendio de historia universal contains Maguindanao texts in both Jawi and the Latin script.[4]
Latin
Letter | Name | Sound |
---|---|---|
A | a | [a] |
B | ba | [b] |
D | da | [d] |
E | e | [ə] |
G | ga | [g] |
H | ha | [h] |
I | i | [i/e] |
J | ja | [ʒ] |
K | ka | [k] |
L | la | [l] |
M | ma | [m] |
N | na | [n] |
Ng | nga | [ŋ] |
P | pa | [p] |
R | ra | [ɾ/r] |
S | sa | [s] |
T | ta | [t] |
U | u | [u/o] |
W | wa | [w] |
Y | ya | [j] |
Z | za | [z] |
Jawi
Character | Name |
---|---|
ا | alip |
ب | ba |
ت | ta |
ث | t̲a |
ج | jim |
ح | ḥa |
خ | xo |
د | dal |
ذ | ḏal |
ر | ro |
ز | zai |
س | sin |
ش | šin |
ص | ṣod |
ض | ḍod |
ط | ṭo |
ظ | ẓo |
ع | 'ain |
غ | ǧain |
ڠ | nga |
ف | fa |
ڨ | pa |
ق | qaf |
ک | kaf |
ڬ | gaf |
ل | lam |
م | mim |
ن | nun |
و | wau |
ه | ha |
ء | hamza |
ي | ya |
ى | ye |
See also
References
- ^ "Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)". Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ Juanmartí, Jacinto, S. I. (1833-1897) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-10-10.
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ignored (help) - ^ .
- ^ a b i.e., Compendio de historia universal desde la creación del mundo hasta la venida de Jesucristo y un breve vocabulario en castellano y en moro maguindanao [Compendium of universal history from the creation of the world to the coming of Jesus Christ and a brief vocabulary in Spanish and Moro-Maguindanao] (in Maguindanao and Spanish). Singapore: Koh Yew Hean. 1888.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ such as a Maguindanao–Spanish bilingual "sacred history", with a short wordlist, in 1888,[4][3] in which Maguindanao was written in both Arabic characters and the Latin alphabet
- ^ i.e., Juanmartí (1892a) and Juanmartí (1892b)
- ^ i.e., Porter (1903)
- ^ i.e., Juanmartí (1906)
- ^ a b Eck, Jerry (1972). Sketch of Magindanaon phonology. Nasuli, Malaybalay, Bukidnon: SIL.
- ^ Racman, Tenex; Zorc, R. David (2009). Maguindanaon: Dialogs and Drills (PDF). Dunwoody Press.
- .
Bibliography
- Juanmartí, Jacinto (1892a). Diccionario moro-maguindanao-español [Moro-Maguindanao-Spanish dictionary] (in Spanish). Manila: Tipografía «Amigos del País».
- Juanmartí, Jacinto (1892b). Gramática de la lengua de maguindanao según se habla en el centro y en la costa sur de la isla de Mindanao [A grammar of the Maguindanao tongue according to the manner of speaking it in the interior and on the south coast of the island of Mindanao] (in Spanish). Manila: Tipografía «Amigos del País».
- Juanmartí, Jacinto (1906) [First published in Spanish 1892]. A Grammar of the Maguindanao Tongue According to the Manner of Speaking It in the Interior and on the South Coast of the Island of Mindanao. Translated by Smith, C. C. Washington: Government Printing Office.
- Porter, R. S. (1903). A Primer and Vocabulary of the Moro Dialect (Magindanau). Washington: Government Printing Office for the Bureau of Insular Affairs.