Nanping dialect
| Nanping dialect | |
|---|---|
| Nanping Mandarin | |
| Native to | |
Native speakers | 20,000 (2012)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-bj |
The Nanping dialect (
Yanping District, in Nanping, Fujian. Locally, it is known as Tuguanhua (土官话; 土官話; Tǔguānhuà; 'local official speech').[1] It is one of three Mandarin dialect islands in Fujian.[1]
History and distribution
In the past, Nanping Mandarin had great influence in northern Fujian. During the
founding of the People's Republic of China, Fuzhounese became more popular, and speakers of Nanping Mandarin became fewer in number.[4]
Nanping Mandarin is still spoken in these parts of
Yanping District:[1]
- the centre of the district;
- the seat of Xiqin Town;
- parts of Shuinan Subdistrict, including Baxian, Geping, Lingxia Bridge and Houlingxia;
- Jixi, in Nanshan Town.
Phonology
Consonants
There are fourteen consonants in the phonemic inventory:[2]
| Bilabial | Dental | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop
|
unaspirated | /p/ | / t /
|
/k/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /kʰ/ | ||
Affricate
|
unaspirated | /ts/ | |||
| aspirated | /tsʰ/ | ||||
Fricative
|
/s/ | /x/ | |||
| Nasal | /m/ | /ŋ/ | |||
| Lateral | / l /
|
||||
A more conservative form of the dialect also includes /tʃ/, /tʃʰ/ and /ʃ/, which are contrastive to /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/, e.g. 知 /tʃɹ̩˧/ ≠ 资 /tsɹ̩˧/.[5]
Tones
Nanping Mandarin is traditionally considered to have five tones by diachronic convention, but it may be analyzed as having four phonemic tones.[2]
Notes
References
- Chen, Chung-yu (1981). "Towards an affiliation of the Nanping Mandarin dialect of Fujian". Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 9 (2): 151–209. JSTOR 23753506.
- Li, Rulong (1991). 南平市北方方言岛. In Chen, Zhangtai; Li, Rulong (eds.). 闽语研究 (in Chinese). Beijing: Yuwen Chubanshe. pp. 472–483. ISBN 7-80006-309-7.
- Su, Hua (1994). 福建南平方言同音字汇. Fangyan (in Chinese) (1): 37–45.
- Zhou, Changji (2012). B2—5 福建省的汉语方言. 中国语言地图集 [ISBN 978-7-100-07054-6.
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
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| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
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| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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| East and Southeast Asia |
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Arunachal ) |
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| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
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| Unclassified | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
forms
- Standard Chinese
- Sichuanese
- Taiwanese
- Philippine
- Malaysian
- Singaporean
- Cantonese
- Hokkien
- Hakka
- Historical
- Old National
- Cantonese
- Northern Wu
- Mandarin
- Literary and colloquial readings
Input
- Biaoxingma
- Boshiamy
- Cangjie
- CKC
- Dayi
- Pinyin
- Stroke count
- Wubi (Wang Ma)
- ZhengMa
forms
| Official |
|---|
- Chinese characters
- Simplified
- Traditional
- Punctuation
