Yumurtalık

Coordinates: 36°46′04″N 35°47′32″E / 36.76778°N 35.79222°E / 36.76778; 35.79222
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Yumurtalık
District and municipality
Map showing Yumurtalık District in Adana Province
Map showing Yumurtalık District in Adana Province
Yumurtalık is located in Turkey
Yumurtalık
Yumurtalık
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 36°46′04″N 35°47′32″E / 36.76778°N 35.79222°E / 36.76778; 35.79222
CountryTurkey
ProvinceAdana
Government
 • MayorTürkeş Filik (MHP)
Area
447 km2 (173 sq mi)
Elevation
20 m (70 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
17,654
 • Density39/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
01680
Area code0322
Websitewww.yumurtalik.bel.tr

Yumurtalık (Turkish: [juˈmuɾtaɫɯk], "Egglike"), formerly called Aegeae, Ayas, Lyeys or Laiazzo,[2] is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey.[3] Its area is 447 km2,[4] and its population is 17,654 (2022).[1] It is a Mediterranean port and resort town at a distance of about 40 km (25 mi) from Adana city. The resident population of the town Yumurtalık is 5,739 (2022),[5] but in summer, it rises to 30 to 40,000 people since many inhabitants of Adana have holiday homes here. There are also many daily visitors during the holiday season.

Yumurtalık has a large

steel industry, and there are also plans for establishing a major shipyard.[6]

History

The port has a long history, dating to at least 2000 BC. Hittite pottery of the 17th century BC has been found in the mound of Zeytinbeli Höyük.

This

Gulf of İskenderun. It was mentioned by Pausanias under the name Aegeae (Greek: Αἰγέαι, Aigéai),[7] a name that appears also in its coinage.[8] In Strabo's time it was a small city with a port.[9][10]

Roman dominion it was a place of some importance. It was organized as part of the province of Cilicia. Apollonius of Tyana
(c. 15 – c. 100) made his early studies at Aegeae, when the city was at its cultural height.

It was Christianised at an early date, and while no longer retaining a residential bishop, remains a

martyrdom under Diocletian.[13]

A view of the busy port of Laiazzo when Marco Polo visited it in 1271, as presented in Le Livre des Merveilles

In the

Italian maritime republics, Pisa, was also established.[14]

The city was increasingly oppressed by the

Ottoman Turkish: يمورطالق, meaning "Egglike") fell to the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century and then became part of the Turkish Republic in the 20th century. In 1974, actor and film director Yılmaz Güney
was arrested at Yumurtalık after a shooting incident that involved the murder of a Yumurtalık judge.

Ecclesiastical History

Christianity came early to Aegeae, to judge by the numerous martyrs recorded in the

Cosmas and Damian, commemorated in the Roman Martyrology under 26 September.[21]

The martyr Zenobius is traditionally considered to be the first bishop of Aegeae. Tarcodimantus, an

metropolitan see of Anazarbus, the capital of the Roman province of Cilicia, to which Aegeae belonged.[22][23]

Titular see

No longer a residential bishopric, presumably faded under Islam, Aegeae is today listed by the

titular bishopric
.

It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents of the lowest (episcopal) rank (except the first) :

Fortifications

This site has both land and sea castles as well as a polygonal watchtower.

The single curving wall that constitutes the surviving land castle closes the tip of a small peninsula and is surrounded by the old town.[17] The now missing seaward wall, which once followed the shore to enclose the entire ward, was visible in the late 19th century.[25] Three round towers and a polygonal bastion survive as well as several casemates with loopholes (shooting ports) and at least seven embrasured windows. The basic plan of the fortress may have been laid in late antiquity, but extensive rebuilding belongs to the early period of Ottoman occupation, when it served as a minor port for the fleet of Suleiman the Magnificent.

The sea castle, which is located on an island about 400 meters east of the shore, consists of a tight cluster of five chambers encased in a massive irregular bastion.[17] Attached is a badly damaged circuit wall that surrounds most of the island. The vaulted rooms and enclosures were probably storage areas for merchandise destined for Europe. Although there are the distinct traces of late antique foundations (e.g., dovetail sockets), the peculiar masonry and construction techniques of the sea castle are those typically used during Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and may date from the reported re-fortification of the harbour in A.D. 1282.[26]

The watchtower, which is located 1.5 kilometers west of the land castle, was built by Suleiman the Magnificent in the mid 16th century with spolia from the nearby late antique city.[17] The lower two floors are covered with stone vaults. The loopholes in the walls of all three levels are identical in design to those in the nearby Ottoman fortress of Payas.

Yumurtalık today

Yumurtalık Beach
Ayas Castle
Yumurtalık seen from Süleyman's Tower

The sea is clean and there is still a relaxed feel to this coast, so Yumurtalık is a holiday and weekend retreat for the people of Adana and of other cities in Çukurova region, who come to stay in seaside holiday flats generally built in compounds. There are also small hotels and guest houses for occasional visitor who can swim during the day and stroll along the beach or into the village in the evenings. The public beaches are not very well kept by the municipality, and they are sometimes covered with litter. But the holiday villages have private beaches which are kept clean and can also be used by outsiders for a small daily entrance fee.

A number of beaches in Yumurtalık are also the nesting places for

caretta caretta breed. In fact the amount of beach-front holiday property is also part of the problem, even though the sand is clean the turtles won't lay eggs in these busy beaches with neon-lit discothèques blasting out all night. Adequate protection for the turtle's nesting habitat continues to remain a critical question. These endangered species lay eggs only in Yumurtalık, in Akyatan beach in neighboring Karataş district and in İztuzu Beach in Dalyan in southwestern Turkey. In fact, the very name Yumurtalık means, among other things, egg nest in Turkish language
.

As well as tourism, the fertile agricultural lands that extend behind the coast are also a key factor in local economy and quality tomatoes, watermelons and other fruits and vegetables are extensively produced in Yumurtalık.

Just outside Yumurtalık is the

Botaş oil and natural gas terminal. It is the end of the Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline running from Northern Iraq, which was opened in the 1970s. Refined oils are also imported through here by sea. Immediately to the southwest, there is the oil terminal for crude oil pipeline from Baku, opened in 2006. Further in the same direction, there is the recently built İsken Sugözü coal-fired power station
.

Composition

There are 24

neighbourhoods in Yumurtalık District:[27]

Climate

Yumurtalık has a

hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa),[28]
with hot, dry and muggy summers, and mild, rainy winters.

Climate data for Yumurtalık (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 15.2
(59.4) 		16.3
(61.3) 		19.1
(66.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		25.9
(78.6) 		29.0
(84.2) 		31.3
(88.3) 		32.7
(90.9) 		31.7
(89.1) 		28.5
(83.3) 		22.2
(72.0) 		17.0
(62.6) 		24.3
(75.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		11.4
(52.5) 		14.1
(57.4) 		17.5
(63.5) 		21.2
(70.2) 		24.7
(76.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		28.5
(83.3) 		26.3
(79.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		12.3
(54.1) 		19.5
(67.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.0
(44.6) 		7.4
(45.3) 		9.9
(49.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		16.7
(62.1) 		20.4
(68.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		24.4
(75.9) 		21.8
(71.2) 		18.1
(64.6) 		12.6
(54.7) 		8.8
(47.8) 		15.4
(59.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 128.8
(5.07) 		106.5
(4.19) 		81.5
(3.21) 		57.0
(2.24) 		53.0
(2.09) 		23.7
(0.93) 		8.0
(0.31) 		4.3
(0.17) 		28.9
(1.14) 		52.4
(2.06) 		104.7
(4.12) 		143.8
(5.66) 		792.4
(31.20)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8.5 8.3 7.4 5.8 4.7 2.4 1.3 1.6 3.6 4.7 6.0 9.0 63.3
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		61.2 61.8 64.7 69.1 71.7 73.2 74.6 72.8 66.7 59.3 55.8 61.2 66.1
Source: NOAA[29]

Places of interest

There are also picnic areas, a beach and birdwatching facilities in the lagoon.

Notable people

  • Zenobios and Zenobia (d. c. 290), bishop of Aegae and his sister, martyrs and Eastern Orthodox saints

References

  1. ^
    TÜİK
    . Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  2. ^ Täuber, Hans (Vienna). "Aegeae." Brill’s New Pauly. Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider. Brill Online, 02 October 2014
  3. ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  4. ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Yumurtalık". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  6. ^ "En büyük tersane (The largest shipyard)" (in Turkish). Lojiport.
  7. ^ "Pausanias, Description of Greece, v.21.11". Archived from the original on October 6, 2014.
  8. ^ Andrew Burnett, Michael Amandry, Pere Pau Ripollès, Ian Carradice, Roman Provincial Coinage, Supplement 2 (2006), Nos. 4030–4046
  9. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. p. 676. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  10. ^ Lucan 3.227.
  11. ^ Tacitus. Annals. Vol. 13.8.
  12. ^ "Aegeae (Titular See) [Catholic-Hierarchy]".
  13. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sts. Cosmas and Damian". www.newadvent.org.
  14. ^ a b c Eser, Erdal. "FROM THE ROMAN SETTLEMENT OF AIGAI TO AYAS". Hrcak.srce.hr – via www.academia.edu.
  15. ^ Hild and Hellenkemper, Friedrich and Hansgerd (1990). Tabula Imperii Byzantini (Bd. 5 Kilikien und Isaurien ed.). Vienna: Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. p. 141.
  16. ^ Hild, Friedrich (1977). Das byzantinische Strassensystem in Kappadokien. Vienna: Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 32, 51–59, 125–129, 96–100, 125.
  17. ^
    ISBN 0-88402-163-7
    .
  18. ^ "Ayaş Antique Theatre in Turkey's south raises curtains after 2,000 years". Hürriyet Daily News.
  19. ^ Quarterly Review, vols. 125–126, Leonard Scott Publishing Company, NY (1868)
  20. ^ Olschki, Leonardo (June 8, 1960). "Marco Polo's Asia: An Introduction to His "Description of the World" Called "Il Milione."". University of California Press – via Google Books.
  21. ISBN 978-88-209-7210-3
    )
  22. ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 893-896
  23. ^ Sophrone Pétridès, v. Aegae ou Aegaeae, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. I, Paris 1909, coll. 645-647
  24. ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1
    ), p. 885
  25. ^ Alishan, G. (1899). Sissouan ou l'Arméno-Cilicie. Venice. p. 433.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  26. ^ Bar Hebraeus, The Chronography of Gregory Abû’l Faraj, vol.1, trans. E. A. W. Budge, Oxford, p.465.
  27. ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  28. ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
  29. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Yumurtalık". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 17, 2024.

Sources and external links

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