Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tulsa | |
---|---|
Historic Route 66 sign | |
CDT) | |
ZIP Codes | ZIP Codes[3] |
FIPS code | 40-75000 |
GNIS feature ID | 1100962[4] |
Website | www.cityoftulsa.org |
Tulsa (
Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of
Historically, a robust energy sector fueled Tulsa's economy; however, today the city has diversified and leading sectors include finance, aviation, telecommunications and technology.
It is situated on the
History
The area where Tulsa now exists is considered
]Although Oklahoma was not yet a state during the Civil War, the Tulsa area saw its share of fighting. The Battle of Chusto-Talasah took place on the north side of Tulsa and several battles and skirmishes took place in nearby counties. After the War, the tribes signed Reconstruction treaties with the federal government that in some cases required substantial land concessions. In the years after the Civil War and around the turn of the century, the area along the Arkansas River that is now Tulsa was periodically home to or visited by a series of colorful outlaws, including the legendary Wild Bunch, the Dalton Gang, and Little Britches.[citation needed]
Incorporation and "Oil Capital" prosperity
Around August 1, 1882, the town was almost centered at a location just north of the current Whittier Square, when a construction crew laying out the line of the
Tulsa was still a micro town near the banks of the Arkansas River in 1901 when its first oil well, named Sue Bland No. 1,[18] was established. Much of the oil was discovered on land whose mineral rights were owned by members of the Osage Nation under a system of headrights. By 1905, the discovery of the grand Glenn Pool Oil Reserve (located approximately 15 miles south of downtown Tulsa and site of the present-day town of Glenpool) prompted a rush of entrepreneurs to the area's growing number of oil fields; Tulsa's population swelled to over 140,000 between 1901 and 1930.[19] Unlike the early settlers of Northeastern Oklahoma, who most frequently migrated from the South and Texas, many of these new oil-driven settlers came to Tulsa from the commercial centers of the East Coast and lower Midwest. This migration distinguished the city's demographics from neighboring communities (Tulsa has larger and more prominent Catholic and Jewish populations than most Oklahoma cities) and is reflected in the designs of early Tulsa's upscale neighborhoods.
Known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century, the city's success in the energy industry prompted construction booms in the popular Art Deco style of the time.[10] Profits from the oil industry continued through the Great Depression, helping the city's economy fare better than most in the United States during the 1930s.[20]
In 1923, Harwelden was built by oil baron E. P. Harwell and his wife Mary, and is an example of prosperity in Tulsa, Oklahoma in the 1920s.
1921 Race Massacre
In the early 20th century, Tulsa was home to the "
20th century
In 1925, Tulsa businessman
For the rest of the mid-20th century, the city had a master plan to construct parks, churches, museums, rose gardens, improved infrastructure, and increased national advertising.[10] The Spavinaw Dam, built during this era to accommodate the city's water needs, was considered one of the largest public works projects of the era.[27]
A national recession greatly affected the city's economy in 1982, as areas of Texas and Oklahoma heavily dependent on oil suffered the freefall in gas prices due to a glut, and a mass exodus of oil industries.[28] Tulsa, heavily dependent on the oil industry, was one of the hardest-hit cities by the fall of oil prices.[28] By 1992, the state's economy had fully recovered,[28] but leaders worked to expand into sectors unrelated to oil and energy.
21st century
In 2003, the "
In July 2020 the Supreme Court ruled in McGirt v. Oklahoma that as it pertains to criminal law much of eastern Oklahoma, including Tulsa, remains as Native American lands.[31] Specifically, prosecution of crimes by Native Americans on these lands falls into the jurisdiction of the tribal courts and federal judiciary under the Major Crimes Act, rather than Oklahoma's courts.[32]
Geography
Tulsa is located in the northeastern corner of Oklahoma between the edge of the Great Plains and the foot of the Ozarks in a generally forested region of rolling hills. The city touches the eastern extent of the Cross Timbers, an ecoregion of forest and prairie transitioning from the drier plains of the west to the wetter forests of the east.[33] With a wetter climate than points westward, Tulsa serves as a gateway to "Green Country", a popular and official designation for northeast Oklahoma that stems from the region's green vegetation and relatively large number of hills and lakes compared to central and western areas of Oklahoma,[34] which lie largely in the drier Great Plains region of the Central United States. Located near the western edge of the U.S. Interior Highlands, northeastern Oklahoma is the most topographically diverse part of the state, containing seven of Oklahoma's 11 eco-regions[35] and more than half of its state parks.[36] The region encompasses 30 lakes or reservoirs[37] and borders the neighboring states of Kansas, Missouri, and Arkansas.
Topography
The city developed on both sides of the prominent Arkansas River, which flows in a wide, sandy-bottomed channel. Its flow through the Tulsa area is controlled by upstream flood control reservoirs, but its width and depth can vary widely throughout the year, such as during periods of high rainfall or severe drought. A low-water dam was built to maintain a full channel at all times in the area adjacent to downtown Tulsa. This portion of the river was known as Zink Lake. However, the City of Tulsa allowed the dam to deteriorate and it no longer functions to retain the lake for which it was designed.[38][39]
Heavily wooded and with abundant parks and water areas, the city has several prominent hills, such as "Shadow Mountain" and "
Cityscape
Architecture
A building boom in Tulsa in the early 20th century coincided with the rise of art deco architecture in the United States.
In addition, the city's early prosperity funded the construction of many elegant Craftsmen, Georgian, storybook, Tudor, Greek Revival,
Growth in the twentieth century gave the city a larger base of contemporary architectural styles, including several buildings by famed Tulsa architects Bruce Goff and Adah Robinson. The Prairie School was very influential in Tulsa: Barry Byrne designed Tulsa's Christ the King Church and, in 1927, Frank Lloyd Wright's midtown Tulsa residential project Westhope was completed. In particular, the middle of the 20th century brought a wealth of modern architecture to Tulsa. Tulsa's Mies-trained modernist Robert Lawton Jones designed many buildings in the region, including the Tulsa International Airport.[42] Other noted modernists working in Tulsa include the pioneering Texas architect O'Neil Ford[43] and Joseph R. Koberling Jr., who had also been active during the art deco period. South, East, and Midtown Tulsa are home to a number of the ranch and Mid-Century Modern homes that reflect Tulsa's prosperous post-war period.
The
Neighborhoods
The city's historical residential core lies in an area known as Midtown, containing upscale neighborhoods built in the early 20th century with architecture ranging from art deco to
Areas of Tulsa west of the Arkansas River are called
Climate
Tulsa has a
Primarily in the spring and early summer months, the city is subjected to severe
Climate data for Tulsa, Oklahoma (Tulsa Int'l), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present[b] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 82 (28) |
90 (32) |
99 (37) |
102 (39) |
100 (38) |
108 (42) |
113 (45) |
115 (46) |
109 (43) |
98 (37) |
89 (32) |
80 (27) |
115 (46) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 70.1 (21.2) |
74.9 (23.8) |
83.4 (28.6) |
86.8 (30.4) |
91.3 (32.9) |
95.4 (35.2) |
101.9 (38.8) |
102.2 (39.0) |
96.2 (35.7) |
88.2 (31.2) |
79.0 (26.1) |
70.1 (21.2) |
103.9 (39.9) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 48.9 (9.4) |
54.0 (12.2) |
63.3 (17.4) |
72.1 (22.3) |
79.7 (26.5) |
88.4 (31.3) |
93.6 (34.2) |
93.0 (33.9) |
84.8 (29.3) |
73.6 (23.1) |
61.4 (16.3) |
50.9 (10.5) |
72.0 (22.2) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 38.5 (3.6) |
42.8 (6.0) |
52.0 (11.1) |
60.8 (16.0) |
69.6 (20.9) |
78.6 (25.9) |
83.4 (28.6) |
82.2 (27.9) |
73.8 (23.2) |
62.3 (16.8) |
50.4 (10.2) |
41.0 (5.0) |
61.3 (16.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 28.0 (−2.2) |
31.7 (−0.2) |
40.7 (4.8) |
49.5 (9.7) |
59.5 (15.3) |
68.7 (20.4) |
73.1 (22.8) |
71.5 (21.9) |
62.8 (17.1) |
50.9 (10.5) |
39.4 (4.1) |
31.1 (−0.5) |
50.6 (10.3) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 10.4 (−12.0) |
13.5 (−10.3) |
22.9 (−5.1) |
33.5 (0.8) |
44.8 (7.1) |
56.4 (13.6) |
63.4 (17.4) |
60.5 (15.8) |
46.0 (7.8) |
34.5 (1.4) |
23.4 (−4.8) |
12.6 (−10.8) |
4.6 (−15.2) |
Record low °F (°C) | −16 (−27) |
−15 (−26) |
−3 (−19) |
22 (−6) |
32 (0) |
49 (9) |
51 (11) |
48 (9) |
35 (2) |
15 (−9) |
10 (−12) |
−8 (−22) |
−16 (−27) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.63 (41) |
1.62 (41) |
3.10 (79) |
4.37 (111) |
5.73 (146) |
4.65 (118) |
3.76 (96) |
3.38 (86) |
3.85 (98) |
3.78 (96) |
2.66 (68) |
2.43 (62) |
40.96 (1,042) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 1.9 (4.8) |
2.4 (6.1) |
1.9 (4.8) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.8 (2.0) |
1.7 (4.3) |
8.7 (22) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.0 | 6.6 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 9.1 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 94.3 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 5.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
66.7 | 65.2 | 61.6 | 61.2 | 69.1 | 69.3 | 63.6 | 64.5 | 70.1 | 66.4 | 67.4 | 68.5 | 66.1 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 23.5 (−4.7) |
27.7 (−2.4) |
35.6 (2.0) |
45.9 (7.7) |
57.4 (14.1) |
65.7 (18.7) |
67.8 (19.9) |
66.6 (19.2) |
61.2 (16.2) |
48.7 (9.3) |
37.8 (3.2) |
27.9 (−2.3) |
47.2 (8.4) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 175.8 | 171.7 | 219.6 | 244.4 | 266.7 | 294.8 | 334.7 | 305.3 | 232.5 | 218.6 | 161.1 | 160.8 | 2,786 |
Percent possible sunshine | 57 | 56 | 59 | 62 | 61 | 67 | 75 | 73 | 63 | 63 | 52 | 53 | 63 |
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)[61][62][63] |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See or edit raw graph data.
August 6, 2017 tornado
An
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1900 | 1,390 | — | |
1910 | 18,182 | 1,208.1% | |
1920 | 72,075 | 296.4% | |
1930 | 141,258 | 96.0% | |
1940 | 142,157 | 0.6% | |
1950 | 182,740 | 28.5% | |
1960 | 261,685 | 43.2% | |
1970 | 331,638 | 26.7% | |
1980 | 360,919 | 8.8% | |
1990 | 367,302 | 1.8% | |
2000 | 393,049 | 7.0% | |
2010 | 391,906 | −0.3% | |
2020 | 413,066 | 5.4% | |
2022 (est.) | 411,867 | −0.3% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[68][5] |
According to the
As of the
In the city proper, the age distribution was 24.8% of the population under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older, while the median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males, while for every 100 females over the age of 17 there were 90.4 males. In 2011, the median income for a household in the city was $40,268 and the median income for a family was $51,977. The per capita income for the city was $26,727. About 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line.[69] Of the city's population over the age of 25, 29.8% holds a bachelor's degree or higher, and 86.5% have a high school diploma or equivalent.[69][71]
Metropolitan area
The Tulsa
The
Religion
Tulsa has a large conservative following, with the majority of Tulsans being Christians. The second-largest religion in Tulsa is Islam, followed by Buddhism and Judaism.[citation needed]
Tulsa is part of the Southern region demographers and commentators[
While the state of Oklahoma has fewer Roman Catholics than the national average,
Tulsa is also home to the largest Jewish community in Oklahoma, with active Reform, Conservative and Orthodox congregations.[80] Tulsa's Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art offers the largest collection of Judaica in the South-Central and Southwestern United States.
Tulsa is also home to the progressive
Chùa Tam Bào (Vietnamese: "Three Jewels Temple"), Oklahoma's only Buddhist temple, was established in east Tulsa in 1993 by Vietnamese refugees. A 57-foot-tall (17 m) granite statue of Quan Âm (commonly known by her Chinese name, Guanyin) is located in the grounds.[84]
Crime rate
Tulsa | |
---|---|
Crime rates* (2017) | |
Violent crimes | |
Larceny-theft | 3,224.26 |
Motor vehicle theft | 854.60 |
Arson | 35.57 |
Total property crime | 5,455.61 |
Notes *Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. 2017 population: 404,868 Source: 2017 FBI UCR Data |
Tulsa experienced elevated levels of gang violence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when
Economy
Energy industry's legacy and resurgence
The
Today, Tulsa is again home to the headquarters of many international oil- and gas-related companies, including
Diversification and emerging industries
Tulsa has diversified to capitalize on its status as a regional hub with substantial innovation assets. Products from Tulsa manufacturers account for about sixty percent of Oklahoma's exports,
Tulsa's primary employers are small and medium-sized businesses: there are 30 companies in Tulsa that employ more than 1,000 people locally,[94] and small businesses make up more than 80% of the city's companies.[95]
During a national recession from 2001 to 2003, the city lost 28,000 jobs.[92] In response, a development initiative, Vision 2025, promised to incite economic growth and recreate lost jobs. Projects spurred by the initiative promised urban revitalization, infrastructure improvement, tourism development, riverfront retail development, and further diversification of the economy. By 2007, employment levels had surpassed pre-recession heights[92][96] and the city was in a significant economic development and investment surge.[97] This economic improvement is also seen in Tulsa's housing trends which show an average of a 6% increase in rent in 2010.[98] Since 2006, more than 28,000 jobs have been added to the city. The unemployment rate of Tulsa in August 2014 was 4.5%.[99][100]
Though the oil industry has historically dominated Tulsa's economy, efforts in economic diversification have created a base in the sectors of aerospace, finance, technology, telecommunications, high tech, and manufacturing.[9] A number of substantial financial corporations are headquartered in Tulsa, the largest being the BOK Financial Corporation. Among these financial services firms are energy trading operations, asset management firms, investment funds, and a range of commercial banks. The national convenience store chain QuikTrip, fast-casual restaurant chain Camille's Sidewalk Cafe, and pizza chain Mazzio's are all headquartered in Tulsa, as is Southern regional BBQ restaurant Rib Crib. Tulsa is also home to the Marshall Brewing Company.
Tulsa is also home to a burgeoning media industry, including
Tulsa's aerospace industry is substantial and growing. An American Airlines maintenance base at Tulsa International Airport is the city's largest employer and the largest maintenance facility in the world, serving as the airline's global maintenance and engineering headquarters.[101] American Airlines announced in February, 2020 that it will pour $550 million over seven years into its maintenance base, this being the largest single economic development investment in city history.[102] The Tulsa Port of Catoosa and the Tulsa International Airport house extensive transit-focused industrial parks.[103][104] Tulsa is also home to a division of Lufthansa, the headquarters of Omni Air International, and the Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology.
Tulsa is also part of the Oklahoma-South Kansas Unmanned Aerial Systems (drone) industry cluster, a region which awarded funding by the U.S. Small Business Administration to build on its progress as a hub this emerging industry.[105]
As the second largest metropolitan area in Oklahoma and a hub for the growing
Amazon recently announced plans to build a more than 600,000-square-foot fulfillment center near Tulsa International Airport. The company will invest an estimated $130 million for this state-of-the-art facility, which will employ around 1,500 people with an annual payroll of roughly $50 million.[106]
Arts and culture
Tulsa culture is influenced by the nearby Southwest, Midwest, and Southern cultural regions, as well as a historical Native American presence. These influences are expressed in the city's museums, cultural centers, performing arts venues, ethnic festivals, park systems, zoos, wildlife preserves, and large and growing collections of public sculptures, monuments, and artwork.[107]
Museums, archives and visual culture
Tulsa is home to several museums. Located in the former villa of
In the Osage Hills of Northwest Tulsa, the Gilcrease Museum holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.[109] The museum includes the extensive collection of Native American oilman and famed art collector Thomas Gilcrease with numerous works by Frederic Remington, Thomas Moran, Albert Bierstadt and John James Audubon among the many displayed.
On the west bank of the Arkansas River in the suburb of Jenks, the Oklahoma Aquarium is the state's only freestanding aquarium, containing over 200 exhibits, including a shark tank.[110]
In addition, the city hosts a number of galleries, experimental art-spaces, smaller museums, and display spaces located throughout the city (clustered mostly in downtown, Brookside, and the Pearl District). Living Arts of Tulsa, in downtown Tulsa, is among the organizations dedicated to promoting and sustaining an active arts scene in the city.
Cultural and historical archives
Opened in April 2013, the Woody Guthrie Center in the Tulsa Arts District is Tulsa's newest museum and archive. In addition to interactive state-of-the-art museum displays, the Woody Guthrie Center also houses the Woody Guthrie Archives, containing thousands of Guthrie's personal items, sheet music, manuscripts, books, photos, periodicals, and other items associated with the iconic Oklahoma native.[111] The archives of Guthrie protégé, singer-songwriter Bob Dylan will also be displayed in Tulsa when a new facility designed to showcase The Bob Dylan Archive is completed.
The Church Studio is a recording studio and tourist attraction with an archive of more than 5,000 pieces. Constructed in 1915, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places due to musician Leon Russell, who turned the old church into a recording studio and office to Shelter Records in 1972.
With remnants of the
Public art
Since 1969, public displays of artwork in Tulsa have been funded by one percent of its annual city budget.
The largest augmented reality mural in the world, "The Majestic", a 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m2) work which adorns two sides of the Main Park Plaza at 410 S. Main downtown, was completed in October 2021.[120] The $230,000 project was created by Los Angeles-based artists Ryan "Yanoe" Sarfati and Eric "Zoueh" Skotnes.[120] The mural becomes animated when viewed through a smartphone camera.[120]
Flag
The flag of Tulsa is considered one of the most attractive city flags in the United States. In 2023, it became one of two city flags to receive an A+ rating from the North American Vexillological Association.[121]
The
Performing arts, film and cultural venues
Tulsa contains several permanent dance, theater, and concert groups, including the
Tulsa's music scene is also famous for the eponymous "
.A number of concert venues, dance halls, and bars gave rise to the Tulsa Sound but
Large performing arts complexes include the
The city's film community hosts annual festivals such as the Tulsa United Film Festival and Tulsa Overground Film and Music Festival.
Outdoor attractions
Tulsa Zoo encompasses a total of 84 acres (34 ha) with over 2,600 animals representing 400 species.[127] The zoo is located in 2,820-acre (1,140 ha) Mohawk Park (the third largest municipal park in the United States) which also contains the 745-acre (301 ha) Oxley Nature Center.[53][128]
The Tulsa State Fair, operating in late September and early October, attracts over one million people during its 10-day run.[129] A number of other cultural heritage festivals are held in the city throughout the year, including the Intertribal Indian Club Powwow of Champions in August; Scotfest, India Fest, Greek Festival, and Festival Viva Mexico in September; ShalomFest in October; Dia de Los Muertos Art Festival in November; and the Asian-American Festival in May. The annual Mayfest arts and crafts festival held downtown was estimated to have drawn more than 365,000 people in its four-day run in 2012.[130] On a smaller scale, the city hosts block parties during a citywide "Block Party Day" each year, with festivals varying in size throughout city neighborhoods.[131] Tulsa has one major amusement park attraction, Paradise Beach Waterpark[132] (formerly Safari Joe's H2O Water Park, formerly Big Splash Water Park), featuring multi-story water slides and large wave pools. Until 2006, the city also hosted Bell's Amusement Park, which closed after Tulsa County officials declined to renew its lease agreement.[133]
Music
Western Swing, a musical genre with roots in
Cuisine
Tulsa restaurants and food trucks offer a number of cuisines, but several cuisines are particularly prominent in its culinary landscape because of its distinctive history.
BBQ
Tulsa is known nationally for its barbecue offerings; its barbecue reflects its midpoint location "between pig country and cow country," that is, in the transition zone between the South and the West.[141] The city's barbecue is also helped by its geography; the wood used in barbecuing is abundant in Northeastern Oklahoma (including pecan, oak, hickory, mesquite and maple). The region's ethnic diversity is felt, too: its BBQ traditions bear the influences of white, African-American and American Indian foodways.[142] Tulsa is also home to the nationally acclaimed premium smoker manufacturer Hasty-Bake Company. Some Tulsa based barbecue joints have expanded even beyond the state's borders, including Leon's Smoke Shack, Rib Crib and Billy Sims Barbecue. The prize-winning Oklahoma Joe's was founded by Oklahoman Joe Davidson, who mastered his craft at Tulsa's T-Town BBQ Cook-Off.[143]
Oklahoma barbecue is also unique in its emphasis on hickory-smoked barbecue bologna, nicknamed "Oklahoma tenderloin," and its fried okra.[144]
Lebanese steakhouses
Lebanese steakhouses were once numerous in the region stretching from
Chili and Coney Island hot dogs
Oklahomans have been consuming chili since well before statehood, owing to the influence of
Greek immigrants to Tulsa who came by way of
Southern "homestyle" food
By and large, Tulsa's traditional cuisine reflects the influence of Southern foodways, particularly "upland South and... Texas where many of Oklahoma's nineteenth-century population originated."
Wild onion dinner
The
Baking and confectionery
Tulsa is home to the Oklahoma Sugar Arts Show, a premier sugar craft competition hosted by Tulsa-based Food Network personality Kerry Vincent.[157] Tulsa is also home to the nationally renowned Pancho Anaya Mexican bakery, recognized by Food & Wine as one of America's 100 best bakeries.[158] Tulsa is home to several national dessert companies: Daylight Donuts was founded in Tulsa and remains headquartered there, as is the Bama Pie Company.
Breweries
Brewing in Tulsa dates back to at least the late 1930s with the Ahrens Brewing Company and their Ranger Beer line. The Ahrens Brewing Company opened in May 1938.[159] Tulsa's craft beer scene has boomed since legislation passed allowing for microbreweries to serve the public directly (Tulsa's first microbrewery in the post-World War II era was Marshall Brewing Company in 2008).[160]
Public libraries
The largest library system in the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, the
Sports
Tulsa supports a wide array of sports at the professional and collegiate levels. The city hosts two NCAA Division I colleges and multiple professional
Professional sports
Club | Sport | League | Venue |
---|---|---|---|
FC Tulsa | Men's Soccer | USL Championship | ONEOK Field
|
Tulsa Oilers | Ice hockey | ECHL | BOK Center |
Tulsa Oilers | Indoor football
|
IFL | BOK Center |
Tulsa Drillers | Baseball | Texas League | ONEOK Field
|
Tulsa Athletic | Men's soccer | National Premier Soccer League | Hicks Park |
Tulsa Rugby Football Club | Rugby Union
|
Division II Rugby | 37th Riverside Field |
Tulsa's Class AA Texas League baseball team is called the Tulsa Drillers; famous former Drillers include Sammy Sosa, Matt Holliday, and Iván Rodríguez.
In 2008, Tulsa funded $39.2 million to build a new ballpark in the Greenwood District near downtown for the Drillers. The ground breaking was held on December 19, 2008. ONEOK bought the naming rights for $10 million for the next 25 years. The first game at ONEOK Field was held on April 8, 2010. Country music star Tim McGraw threw out the first pitch.[166]
The 19,199-seat
College sports
School | Nickname | Colors | Association | Conference |
---|---|---|---|---|
University of Tulsa | Golden Hurricane | Old Gold, Royal Blue and Crimson | NCAA Division I | American |
Oral Roberts University | Golden Eagles | Vegas Gold and Navy Blue | NCAA Division I | Summit
|
Two Tulsa universities compete at the NCAA Division I level: the
The University of Tulsa also boasts one of the nation's top tennis facilities, the
Golf
Tulsa is home to the Southern Hills Country Club, which is one of only two courses that have hosted seven men's major championships: three U.S. Opens and four PGA Championships, the most recent in 2022.[172] The course has held five amateur championships[172] and from 2001 to 2008 the LPGA had a regular tour stop, latterly known as the SemGroup Championship at Cedar Ridge Country Club.[173]
Tulsa also hosts two golf courses designed by famed golf course architect
Professional soccer
Tulsa is home to FC Tulsa, which competes in the USL Championship.
From 1978 to 1984, the city hosted the Tulsa Roughnecks, who played in the now-defunct North American Soccer League and won that league's championship in 1983.
Professional football
In 1984, the city hosted the
Running, biking and trails
The city's running and cycling communities support events such as the Tulsa Tough cycling race, the Hurtland cyclocross, the Route 66 Marathon,[175] and the Tulsa Run, which features over 8000 participants annually.[176] Another popular gambling draw, horse racing events are housed by the Fair Meadows Race Track and Will Rogers Downs in nearby Claremore.
Motorsports
In
Parks and recreation
As of 2016[update], the city of Tulsa manages 134 parks spread over 8,278 acres (3,350 ha).[181][182] Woodward Park, a 45-acre (18 ha) tract located in midtown Tulsa, doubles as a botanical garden, featuring the Tulsa Municipal Rose Garden, with more than 6,000 rose plants in 250 varieties, and the Linnaeus Teaching Gardens, which demonstrate the latest and most successful techniques for growing vegetables, annuals, perennials, woody plants and groundcovers.[183]
Some Tulsa-area parks are run by Tulsa County Parks. These include the 270-acre (110 ha) LaFortune Park in Midtown Tulsa,[184] and the 192-acre (78 ha) Chandler Park.[185]
Some parks are under the Tulsa River Parks Authority. These include a series of linear parks that run adjacent to the Arkansas River for about 10 miles (16 km) from downtown to the Jenks bridge. Since 2007 a significant portion of the River Parks area has been renovated with new trails, landscaping, and playground equipment. The River Parks Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderness Area on the west side of the Arkansas River in south Tulsa is a 300-acre (120 ha) area that contains over 45 miles (72 km) of dirt trails available for hiking, trail running, mountain biking and horseback riding.
Gathering Place is a 66-acre (27 ha) park which features a playground, lodge, boathouse, splash playground, sports courts, skate park, wetland pond and garden, trails, classrooms, and amphitheatre.[186][187][188][189]
Bicycling
Tulsa has a number of cycling trails,[190] and has installed protected bike lanes in parts of the downtown area.[191] Additional efforts to expand this infrastructure have been included as part of the city's "GoPlan".[192][193]
Government
A
A city councilor from each of the city's nine council districts is elected every two years, each serving a term of two years. Councilors are elected from their own respective districts based on a plurality voting system, and serve on the Tulsa City Council. As a whole, the council acts as the legislative body of the city government, which aims to pass laws, approve the city budget, and manage efficiency in the city government. In accordance with the mayor-council form of government, the Tulsa City Council and the office of the Mayor coordinate in city government operations. A third body of the government, the city auditor, is elected independently of the city council and mayor to ensure that the auditor can act in an objective manner. The auditor is elected for a term of two years.[194] Phil Wood, a Democrat, held the position for 21 years before being defeated by Republican Preston Doerflinger in the 2009 election.[197] The city serves as the seat of county government for Tulsa County, and lies mostly within Oklahoma's 1st congressional district, with its far northwestern areas in southern Osage County in Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district. Municipal and state laws are enforced in Tulsa by the Tulsa Police Department, an organization of 781 officers as of 2012[update].[198][199]
Education
K–12 education
Tulsa Public Schools, with nine high schools and over 41,000 students, is the second-largest school district in Oklahoma.[200] In 2006, there were more than 90,000 students attending Tulsa County's public schools.[162]
Portions of Tulsa within Tulsa County are in the following school districts: Tulsa, Berryhill, Bixby, Broken Arrow, Jenks, Owosso, and Union.[201] Portions within Osage County are in Tulsa Public Schools.[202] Portions within Wagoner County are in the following districts: Tulsa, Broken Arrow, and Catoosa.[203]
A variety of independent and sectarian schools exist in Tulsa, also. Most, but not all, of the private schools have religious affiliations with various Christian, Jewish
History of K-12 education
The
Tulsa built its first two public schools in 1905. The construction of more schools began accelerating in 1906. In December 1907, control of the public schools passed from the city government to the Tulsa Board of Education.[207]
Higher education
The first institute of higher education was established in Tulsa when Kendall College, a Presbyterian school, moved from Muskogee to Tulsa in 1907. In 1920, the school merged with a proposed McFarlin College to become the University of Tulsa (abbreviated as TU). The McFarlin Library of TU was named for the principal donor of the proposed college, oilman Robert M. McFarlin.[citation needed]
Tulsa has 15 institutions of higher education, including two private universities: the University of Tulsa, a school founded in 1894, and Oral Roberts University, a school founded by evangelist Oral Roberts in 1963.[citation needed]
The University of Tulsa has an enrollment of 3,832 undergraduate and graduate students as of 2021.[210] In addition to doctoral and masters programs, TU is home to the University of Tulsa College of Law and the Collins College of Business. TU also manages the famous Gilcrease Museum in northwest Tulsa and hosts the Alexandre Hogue Gallery on its main campus.[citation needed]
Oral Roberts University is a
Both of the state's flagship research universities have campuses in Tulsa:[citation needed]
- OSU – Tulsa, accommodating upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses. OSU-Tulsa has an advanced materials research facility and is home to the Oklahoma Center for Poets and Writers.[citation needed]
- The University of Oklahoma operates what is known as the OU-Tulsa Schusterman Center, offering bachelors, master's, and doctoral degree programs in conjunction with the main campus in Norman and the OU Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City. The OU-Tulsa Schusterman Center also houses the OU School of Community Medicine, the first medical school of its kind in the United States.[citation needed]
Rogers State University in Claremore, Oklahoma, is the Tulsa area's original public, undergraduate-focused, four-year university. Tulsa Community College (TCC), the largest community college in Oklahoma, operates four campuses spread across the area as well as a conference center in Midtown,[212] and has a partnership allowing students to complete four-year bachelor's degrees through OU-Tulsa, OSU-Tulsa, LU-Tulsa and NSU-Broken Arrow.[213] Tulsa also has a Tulsa branch of Langston University, the only historically black college or university in the state, founded in 1897. Tulsa previously had a branch campus of St. Gregory's University, a Catholic university with its main campus in Shawnee, Oklahoma; however, that school went into bankruptcy in 2017.
The
Among trade schools located in Tulsa are
Media
Tulsa's leading newspaper is the daily Tulsa World, the second-most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma with a Sunday circulation of 189,789.[218]
The Tulsa Voice is an
Until 1992, the Tulsa Tribune served as a daily afternoon newspaper competing with the Tulsa World. The paper was acquired by the Tulsa World that year. Urban Tulsa Weekly served as the city's alt-weekly paper from 1991 until its closure in 2013.[220]
Television and radio
Tulsa is also served by television and radio broadcasting networks. All major U.S. television networks are represented in Tulsa through local
Cable television service in the area is provided by Cox Communications, which acquired Tele-Communications Inc. (TCI)'s franchise rights to the area in a $2.85 billion deal (which also included the purchase of AT&T Broadband's Louisiana cable systems, minority ownership of TCA Cable TV systems in Texas, Louisiana and New Mexico, and TCI's Peak Cablevision systems in four other Oklahoma cities, and select markets in Arkansas, Utah and Nevada) in July 1999; Cox assumed control of TCI's Tulsa-area systems on March 15, 2000.[221][222]
Infrastructure
Transportation
Transportation in Tulsa is aided by
Highways
Tulsa has an extensive highway system that connects many cities in the region such as Joplin, Missouri on the Will Rogers Turnpike and Oklahoma City on the Turner Turnpike. Most commuters use the highway system in Tulsa to get to and from work. Highways that run through Tulsa are I-44, I-244, US-412, US-169, OK-66, US-64, US-75, OK-11, OK-51, Creek Turnpike, and Gilcrease Expressway. In 2011, the Oklahoma Department of Transportation reported that Tulsa's busiest freeway was US-169 with about 121,500 vehicles daily between 51st and 61st Streets, and its second busiest freeway was OK-51 with about 104,200 vehicles between Memorial and I-44.[224] Surrounding Downtown is the Inner Dispersal Loop (sometimes called the "I-D-L"), which connects Downtown with almost all the highways in Tulsa.
Buses
Intercity bus service is provided by both Greyhound Lines and Jefferson Lines. The station for both is at 317 S. Detroit, five blocks from Tulsa Transit's Downtown bus terminal. As to private chartered bus companies, Red Carpet Charters[228] a/k/a Red Carpet Trailways of Tulsa, is an independent member of the Trailways Charter Bus Network.[229]
Airports
Railways
Long-distance passenger rail transportation today serves Tulsa only through Greyhound bus lines, which provide bus connections to nearby cities with Amtrak stations.[237] A private proposal to re-establish passenger service between Oklahoma City and Tulsa via a train called the ‘’Eastern Flyer’’ fell through in 2019.[238] However, in early 2024, the Federal Railroad Administration released an interim report on its ongoing Amtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Study regarding fifteen new or previously discontinued rail routes under consideration for federal funding, which included a proposed route from Oklahoma City to Tulsa, and on from Tulsa to St. Louis in one direction and Kansas City in another.[239]
Tulsa has two static displays of antique steam railroad
Port of Catoosa
Medical facilities
The Saint Francis Health System owns several hospitals with a central location at Saint Francis Hospital in the southern part of the city. The facility contains 700 doctors and 918 beds,[244] and with more than 7,000 employees, the network is the second-largest healthcare employer in the state.[245] The health system also operates a heart hospital, which was named by General Electric in 2004 one of the most advanced heart hospitals in the nation.[246] St. John Medical Center, located in an 11-story midtown center, employs nearly 700 doctors.[247] Other networks, such as Hillcrest Health System, operate a number of facilities of various sizes.[248] Beginning in 2007, the city elected to renew a five-year contract with EMSA for ambulance service after a period spent contemplating a switch to the Tulsa Fire Department for the provision of such services.[249]
Notable people
In popular culture
- Several films starring Brat Pack actors were filmed in Tulsa in the early 1980s; among them were Tex (1982), The Outsiders (1983), Rumble Fish (1983), That Was Then... This Is Now (1985) and Fandango (1985).[250]
- "Tampa to Tulsa" song by The Jayhawks[251]
- Most of the HBO TV series Watchmen (2019) takes place in Tulsa.
- "Twenty Four Hours from Tulsa" song by Gene Pitney
- "Tulsa Time" song by Don Williams
- "Tulsa Jesus Freak" song by Lana Del Rey
- Tulsa King TV series starring Sylvester Stallone (2022)
- The novel The Outsiders takes place in Tulsa.
Sister cities
In accordance with the Tulsa Global Alliance, which operates in conjunction with
- Amiens, France
- Celle, Germany
- Beihai, China
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Tiberias, Israel
- Utsunomiya, Japan
- Zelenograd, Russia
See also
- Tulsa (book)
- Tulsa (movie)
- List of oil refineries
- USS Tulsa, 3 ships
Notes
- ^ According to the July 2020 US Supreme Court ruling McGirt v. Oklahoma, much of eastern Oklahoma, including parts of Tulsa, are part of various Indian reservations for the purpose of federal criminal prosecutions. Tribe members may also be exempt from certain regulations issued by non-tribal governments.[8]
- ^ Official records for Tulsa kept August 1893 to December 1930 at downtown and at Tulsa Int'l since January 1931. For more information, see Threadex.
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The tornado that hit midtown Tulsa on Aug. 6, 2017 — an EF2...
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