User:CarlosXing/sandbox/icke

David Vaughan Icke (/aɪk/; born 29 April 1952) is an English writer and public speaker. A former footballer^[1] and sports broadcaster, Icke has been known since the 1990s as a professional conspiracy theorist.^[2][3] He is the author of over 20 books and numerous DVDs, and has lectured in over 25 countries, speaking for up to 10 hours to audiences.^[4][5]

Icke was a

The middle son of three boys born seven years apart, Icke was born in Leicester General Hospital to Beric Vaughan Icke and Barbara J. Icke, née Cooke, who were married in Leicester in 1951. Beric had wanted to be a doctor, but the family had no money, so he joined the Royal Air Force as a medical orderly.^[22] He was awarded a British Empire Medal for gallantry in 1943 after an aircraft crashed into the Chipping Warden air base in Northamptonshire. Along with a squadron leader, Beric ran into the burning aircraft, without protective clothing, and saved the life of a crew member who was trapped inside.^{[n 1]}

After the war Beric became a clerk in the

Always a loner, he spent hours playing with toy trains, preferring to cross the street rather than speak to anyone. He attended Whitehall Infant School, then Whitehall Junior School, feeling nervous and shy to the point of feeling faint during morning assembly and having to leave before he passed out. The family doctor suggested a referral to a child psychologist, but his father disagreed.[27]^[26]

Football

Icke made no effort at school, but when he was nine, he was chosen for the junior school's third-year football team. It was the first time he had succeeded at anything, and he came to see football as his way out of poverty. He played in goal, which he wrote suited the loner in him and gave him a sense of living on the edge between hero and villain.^[29]

After failing his

Icke met his first wife, Linda Atherton, in May 1971 at a dance at the Chesford Grange Hotel near Leamington Spa; she was working as a van driver for a garage. Shortly after they met, Icke had another of the huge rows he had started having with his father—always a domineering man, his father was upset that Icke's arthritis was interfering with his football career—so he packed his bags and left home. He moved into a bedsit and worked in a travel agency, travelling to Hereford twice a week in the evenings to play football.^[35]

He and Atherton were married on 30 September that year, four months after they met.^[36] Their daughter was born in March 1975, followed by one son in December 1981 and another in November 1992.^[37] The couple divorced in 2001 but remained good friends, and Atherton continued to work as Icke's business manager.^[38]

Journalism, sports broadcasting

The loss of Icke's position with Hereford meant that he and his wife had to sell their home, and for several weeks they lived apart, each moving in with their parents. In 1973 Icke found a job as a reporter with the weekly Leicester Advertiser, through a contact who was a sports editor at the

Icke and his family moved in 1982 to Ryde on the Isle of Wight.^[47] His relationship with Grandstand was shortlived – he wrote that a new editor arrived in 1983 who appeared not to like him – but he continued working for BBC Sport until 1990, often on bowls and snooker programmes, and at the 1988 Summer Olympics.^[48] He was by then a household name, but a career in television began to lose its appeal; he wrote that he found television workers insecure, shallow and sometimes vicious.^[49] In August 1990, his contract with the BBC was terminated when he initially refused to pay the Community Charge (also known as the "poll tax"), a local tax introduced that year by Margaret Thatcher's government. He ultimately paid it, but his announcement that he was willing to go to prison rather than pay prompted the BBC, by charter an impartial public-service broadcaster, to distance itself from him.^[50][51]

Spiritual awakening

Green Party, Betty Shine

Icke had begun to flirt with

Despite his successful media career, Icke wrote that 1989 was a time of considerable personal despair, and it was during this period that he said he began to feel a presence around him.[55] He often describes how he felt it while alone in a hotel room in March 1990, and finally asked: "If there is anybody here, will you please contact me because you are driving me up the wall!" Days later, in a newsagent's in Ryde, he felt a force pull his feet to the ground, he wrote, and heard a voice guide him toward some books. One of them was Mind to Mind (1989) by Betty Shine, a psychic healer in Brighton. He read the book, then wrote to her requesting a consultation about his arthritis.^{[56][57][58][59]}

Icke visited Shine four times. During the third meeting, on 29 March 1990, Icke felt something like a spider's web on his face, and Shine told him she had a message from Wang Ye Lee of the spirit world.^[60][61] Icke had been sent to heal the Earth, she said, and would become famous but would face opposition. The spirit world was going to pass ideas to him, which he would speak about to others. He would write five books in three years; in 20 years a new flying machine would allow us to go wherever we wanted and time would have no meaning; and there would be earthquakes in unusual places, because the inner earth was being destabilized by having oil taken from the seabed.^[57][62][63]

In February 1991, Icke visited a pre-

There followed what Icke called his "turquoise period". He had been

In August 1990, before his visit to Peru, Icke had met Deborah Shaw, an English psychic living in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. When he returned from Peru they began a relationship, with the apparent blessing of Icke's wife. In March 1991 Shaw began living with the couple, a short-lived arrangement that the press called the "turquoise triangle". Shaw changed her name to Mari Shawsun, while Icke's wife became Michaela, which she said was an aspect of the Archangel Michael.^[68][69]

The relationship with Shaw led to the birth of a daughter in December 1991, although she and Icke had stopped seeing each other by then. Icke wrote in 1993 that he decided not to visit his daughter and had seen her only once, at the request of Shaw. Icke's wife gave birth to the couple's second son in November 1992.^[70][71]

Press conference

In March 1991, Icke resigned from the Green Party during a party conference, telling them he was about to be at the centre of "tremendous and increasing controversy", and winning a standing ovation from them after the announcement.^[51] A week later, shortly after his father died, Icke and his wife, Linda Atherton, along with their daughter and Deborah Shaw, held a press conference to announce that Icke was a son of the Godhead.^[72][73] He told reporters the world was going to end in 1997. It would be preceded by a hurricane around the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans, eruptions in Cuba, disruption in China, a hurricane in Derry, and an earthquake on the Isle of Arran. The information was being given to them by voices and automatic writing, he said. Los Angeles would become an island, New Zealand would disappear, and the cliffs of Kent would be under water by Christmas.^[74]

Wogan interview

The headlines attracted requests for interviews from

Wogan introduced the 1991 segment with "The world as we know it is about to end". Amid laughter from the audience, Icke prevaricated when asked if he was the son of God, replying that Jesus would have been laughed at too, and repeating that Britain would soon be devastated by tidal waves and earthquakes. Without these, "the Earth will cease to exist". When Icke said laughter was the best way to remove negativity, Wogan replied of the audience: "But they're laughing at you. They're not laughing with you."[75]^[76][77]

The interview proved devastating for Icke. The BBC was criticized for allowing it to go ahead; Des Christy of The Guardian called it a "media crucifixion".^[78] Icke disappeared from public life for a time.^[9] In May 1991, police were called to the couple's home after a crowd of over 100 youths gathered outside, chanting "We want the Messiah" and "Give us a sign, David".^[79] Icke told Jon Ronson in 2001:

"One of my very greatest fears as a child was being ridiculed in public. And there it was coming true. As a television presenter, I'd been respected. People come up to you in the street and shake your hand and talk to you in a respectful way. And suddenly, overnight, this was transformed into "Icke's a nutter." I couldn't walk down any street in Britain without being laughed at. It was a nightmare. My children were devastated because their dad was a figure of ridicule."^[67][80]

In 2006 Wogan re-interviewed Icke for a special 'Now & Then' series. Wogan apologised for his conduct in the earlier 1991 interview.^[81]

Writing and lecturing

Publishing

The Wogan interview separated Icke from his own previous life, he wrote in 2003, although he considered it the making of him in the end, giving him the courage to develop his ideas without caring what anyone thought.^[82] His book The Truth Vibrations, inspired by his experience in Peru, was published in May 1991, and he continued to write, turning himself into a popular author and speaker.^[83]

Between 1992 and 1994, he wrote five books, all published by mainstream publishers, four in 1993. Love Changes Everything (1992), influenced by the "channelling" work of Deborah Shaw, is a

Icke's fifth book of that period, The Robots' Rebellion (1994), published by Gateway, attracted allegations that his work was antisemitic. According to Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, the book contains "all the familiar beliefs and paranoid clichés" of the US conspiracists and militia.^[86] It claims that a plan for world domination by a shadowy cabal, perhaps extraterrestrial, was laid out in The Protocols of the Elders of Zion (c. 1897).

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a notorious antisemitic literary forgery, probably written under the direction of the Russian secret police in Paris, that purported to reveal a conspiracy by the Jewish people to achieve global domination. It was exposed as a forgery in 1920 by Lucien Wolf and the following year by Philip Graves in The Times.^[87][88] Once exposed, Michael Barkun argues, it disappeared from mainstream discourse, until interest in it was renewed by the American far right in the 1950s.^[89] Its use was spread further by conspiracy groups on the internet.^[90] Barkun states that Icke's reliance on the Protocols in The Robots' Rebellion is "the first of a number of instances in which Icke moves into the dangerous terrain of anti-Semitism".^[91][92]

Icke took both the extraterrestrial angle and the focus on the Protocols from Behold a Pale Horse (1991) by Milton William Cooper, who was associated with the American militia movement; chapter 15 of Cooper's book reproduces the Protocols in full.^[93][86][94] The Robots' Rebellion refers repeatedly to the Protocols, calling them the Illuminati protocols, and defining Illuminati as the "Brotherhood elite at the top of the pyramid of secret societies world-wide". Icke adds that the Protocols were not the work of the Jewish people, but of Zionists.^[95][96]

The Robots' Rebellion was greeted with dismay by the Green Party's executive. Despite the controversy over the press conference and the Wogan interview, they had allowed Icke to address the party's annual conference in 1992—a decision that led one of its principal speakers, Sara Parkin, to resign—but after the publication of The Robot's Rebellion they moved to ban him.^{[97][98][99][100][101]} Icke wrote to The Guardian in September 1994 denying that The Robots' Rebellion was antisemitic, and rejecting racism, sexism and prejudice of any kind, while insisting that whoever had written the Protocols "knew the game plan" for the 20th century.^[102][103]

Self-Publishing

Icke's next manuscript, And the Truth Shall Set You Free (1995), contained a chapter questioning aspects of the Holocaust, which caused a rift with his publisher, Gateway.^{[96][104][105]}

After borrowing £15,000 from a friend, Icke set up Bridge of Love Publications, later called David Icke Books. He self-published And the Truth Shall Set You Free, and all his work thereafter. Icke wrote in 2004 that And the Truth was one of his proudest achievements.^[106][83]

According to Lewis and Kahn, Icke set about consolidating all conspiracy theories into one project with unlimited explanatory power. His books sold 140,000 copies between 1998 and 2011, at a value of over £2 million.^[12] Thirty thousand copies of The Biggest Secret (1999) were in print months after publication, according to Icke,^[107] and it was reprinted six times between 1999 and 2006. His 2002 book, Alice in Wonderland and the World Trade Center Disaster, became a long-standing top-five bestseller in South Africa.^[4] By 2006, his website was getting 600,000 hits a week, and by 2011 his books had been translated into 11 languages.^[83][12]

Lecturing

Icke became known, in particular, for his lengthy lectures. By 2006, he had lectured in at least 25 countries, attracting audiences of several thousand each time.

In 1997, Icke met his second wife, Pamela Leigh Richards, in Jamaica. He and Linda Atherton divorced in 2001,^[113] and he and Richards were married the same year.^[83] However, the couple separated in 2008 and divorced in 2011.^[114]

Icke stood for parliament in the

In November 2013, Icke launched an internet television station, The People's Voice, broadcast from London. He founded the station after crowdsourcing over £300,000 and worked for it as a volunteer until March 2014. As of that year, the station had stopped broadcasting.^{[119][120][121]}

Key ideas

Overview

Icke combines New Age philosophical discussion about the universe and consciousness with conspiracy theories about public figures being reptilian humanoids and

Icke believes that the universe is made up of "vibrational" energy, and consists of an infinite number of dimensions that share the same space, just like television and radio frequencies, and that some people can tune their consciousness to other wavelengths.[15]^[13] He stated in an interview with The Guardian that:

Icke believes that time is an illusion; there is no past, or future, and only the "infinite now" is real, and that humans are an aspect of consciousness, or infinite awareness, which he describes as "all that there is, has been, and ever can be".^[13]

Reptoid hypothesis

Icke proposes that an inter-dimensional race of reptilian beings called the

"When you get back into the ancient world, you find this recurring theme of a union between a non-human race and humans—creating a hybrid race."

"From 1998, I started coming across people who told me they had seen people change into a non-human form. It's an age-old phenomenon known as shape-shifting. The basic form is like a scaly humanoid, with reptilian rather than humanoid eyes."[130]

Icke claims the first reptilian-human breeding programmes took place 200,000–300,000 years ago (perhaps creating Adam),^[131] and the third (and latest) 7,000 years ago. Icke claims the hybrids of the third programme, which are more Anunnaki than human, currently control the world. He writes in The Biggest Secret that: "The Brotherhood which controls the world today is the modern expression of the Babylonian Brotherhood of reptile-Aryan priests and 'royalty'". Icke states that they came together in Sumer after 'the flood', but originated in the Caucasus.^{[132][133][134]} Explaining that when he uses the term "Aryan" he is referring to "the white race."^[135]

Icke states that the reptilians not only come from another planet, but also from another dimension, the lower level of the fourth dimension (the "lower astral dimension"), the one nearest the physical world.^[15] It is from this dimensions that they control the planet, although just as fourth-dimensional reptilians control us, they in turn are controlled by a fifth dimension.^[15] Barkun argues that Icke's introduction of different dimensions allowed him to skip awkward questions about how the reptilians got here.^[107]

Icke believes that the only way this 'Archontic' influence can be defeated is by humanity waking up to 'the truth', and filling their hearts with love.^[13]

Icke briefly introduced his ideas about ancient astronauts in The Robot's Rebellion (1994), citing Bill Cooper's Behold a Pale Horse (1991), and expanded it in And the Truth Shall Set You Free (1995), citing Barbara Marciniak's Bringers of the Dawn (1992).^{[136][86][n 2]}

Robertson writes that Icke's reptilian idea is adapted from Zecharia Sitchin's The 12th Planet (1976), combined with material from Credo Mutwa, a Zulu healer.^[138] Sitchin suggested that the Anunnaki came to Earth for its precious metals. Icke has said that they came for what he refers to as 'mono-atomic gold', which he claims, can increase the capacity of the nervous system ten thousandfold, and that after ingesting it, the Anunnaki can process vast amounts of information, speed up trans-dimensional travel, and shapeshift from reptilian to human.^[139][140] Lewis and Kahn argue that Icke is using allegory to depict the alien, and alienating, nature of global capitalism.^[16] Icke has said he is not using allegory.^[141]

As of 2003, the reptilian bloodline is claimed to encompassed 43 American presidents, three British and two Canadian prime ministers, several Sumerian kings and Egyptian pharaohs, and a smattering of celebrities. Key bloodlines include the

At the apex of the Babylonian Brotherhood stand the Global Elite, and at the top of the Global Elite are what Icke refers to as the 'Prison Wardens'. Icke claims the goal of the Brotherhood, or their "Great Work of Ages", is a microchipped population, a world government, and a global Orwellian fascist state, or New World Order, which he claims will be a post-truth era where freedom of speech is ended.^{[6][13][18][19][86][91]}

Icke believes that the "Brotherhood" use human anxiety as energy, and that the Archons keep humanity trapped in a "five sense reality", so they can feed off the negative energy created by fear and hate.^[13][16] Claiming the more of these emotions that can be stimulated the more energy the reptilians have to work with, Icke wrote in 1999: "Thus we have the encouragement of wars, human genocide, the mass slaughter of animals, sexual perversions which create highly charged negative energy, and black magic ritual and sacrifice which takes place on a scale that will stagger those who have not studied the subject."^[131] Icke proposes that human sacrifice 'to the gods' in the ancient world was for the benefit of the reptilians, especially sacrifice of children, because "at the moment of death by sacrifice a form of adrenalin surges through the body, accumulating at the base of the brain and is, apparently more potent in children", claiming "this is what the reptilians and their crossbreeds want". Icke suggests that these sacrifices continue to this day.^[131] He also claims the reptilians and their hybrid bloodlines engage in pedophilia and cannibalism.^[143]

It is claimed that the Brotherhood either created, or controls; the

David Icke has been accused of anti-Semitism on numerous occasions. His conspiracies equates the reptilians with Zionist. He attempts to distinguish Zionist from the Jewish people. Outside of his followers, he is not very successful. After Icke's talk in Vancouver on Sept. 2 2017, the Canadian Jewish News called Icke "a controversial conspiracy theorist, anti-Semite and Holocaust denier" [146]

Icke repeatedly denies he is an anti-Semite. Even back in 2001, Icke "declared that the Protocols of Zion is evidence not of a Jewish plot, but of a reptilian plot of Illuminati lizards" while speaking with Jon Ronson. ^[147]

His message is consistent over time. However, he tends to refer to the reptilian plot as the "unseen". After Icke's 2018 talk in Southport, UK, Michael Marshall (skeptic) reports:

"The appearance of the ‘unseen’ in the Middle East 6,000 years ago seems to be no coincidence, and it’s little wonder that Icke’s work is so often accused of anti-Semitism. However, if we were to accept that Icke himself does not hold such views, and that his work is merely co-opted by groups who undeniably are anti-Semitic, we also have to acknowledge that Icke often does his case no favours.^[148]

Problem–reaction–solution

Icke uses the phrase 'problem–reaction–solution' to explain how he believes the Illuminati agenda advances. They guide the population in the direction they desire by creating false problems, which then creates a reaction from the target population, which then allows them to give their desired solution to the problem they created.^[149] He also refers to this process as "order out of chaos".^[150]

Incidents and issues Icke attributes to the Illuminati, or 'Global Elite', include the

In Tales From The Time Loop (2003), Icke argues that the Illuminati create religious, racial, ethnic and sexual division to divide and rule humanity but believes that the many can only be controlled by the few if they allow themselves to be, and that the power the Illuminati have is the power the people give away to them.^[155][156] Writing: "Divide and rule is the bottom line of all dictatorships...Arab is turned against Jew, black against white, Right against Left. Unplugging from the Matrix means refusing to recognise these illusory fault lines. We are all One. I refuse to see a Jew as different from an Arab and vice versa. They are both expressions of the One and need to be observed and treated the same, none more or less important than the other. I refuse to see black people in terms that I would not see white, nor to see the ‘Left’ as I would not see the ‘Right’. How could it be any different, except when we believe the illusion of division is real? If we do that, the Matrix has us."^[157]

Icke's solution is peaceful

The third and smallest group are those who see through the illusion; they are usually dubbed dangerous or mad. The Red Dress genetic lines interbreed obsessively to make sure their bloodlines are not weakened by the second or third levels of consciousness, because consciousness can rewrite the software.[160]^[83]

Saturn–Moon Matrix

The Moon Matrix is introduced in Human Race Get Off Your Knees: The Lion Sleeps No More (2010), in which Icke suggests that the Earth and collective human mind are manipulated from the Moon, a

This idea is further explored in Icke's Remember Who You Are: Remember 'Where' You Are and Where You 'Come' From (2012), where he introduces the concept of the "Saturn–Moon Matrix". In this more recent conceptualization, the rings of Saturn (which Icke believes were artificially created by reptilian spacecraft) are the ultimate source of the signal, while the Moon functions as an amplifier.[124]^[163] He claims that frequencies broadcast from the hexagonal storm on Saturn are amplified through the hollow structure of our artificial moon keeping humanity trapped in a holographic projection.^[13]

Reception

Icke's has considerable popular appeal, cutting across political, economic, and religious divides. His audiences hold a wide range of beliefs, uniting individuals, and left and right wing groups; from

why do we play a part in suppressing alternative information to the official line of the Second World War? How is it right that while this fierce suppression goes on, free copies of the Spielberg film, Schindler's List, are given to schools to indoctrinate children with the unchallenged version of events. And why do we, who say we oppose tyranny and demand freedom of speech, allow people to go to prison and be vilified, and magazines to be closed down on the spot, for suggesting another version of history.[11]

Icke claims that the antisemitic forgery The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is genuine, explaining in And the truth shall set you free:

I strongly believe that a small Jewish clique which has contempt for the mass of Jewish people worked with non-Jews to create the First World War, the Russian Revolution, and the Second World War....They then dominated the Versailles Peace Conference and created the circumstances which made the Second World War inevitable. They financed Hitler to power in 1933 and made the funds available for his rearmament.^[11][169]

Icke claims that Jews themselves are to blame for antisemitism (a classic Nazi claim that can be traced to Adolf Hitler):

Thought patterns in the collective Jewish mind have repeatedly created that physical reality of oppression, prejudice and racism which matches the pattern—the expectation—programmed into their collective psyche. They expect it; they create it.^[170]

David G. Robertson in his book, UFOs, Conspiracy Theories and the New Age, stated that Icke was not anti-Semitic. Saying that in order to believe that when Icke said reptilians he really meant Jews, was just easier for some to accept than that he literally means extraterrestrial reptilians control world politics. Pointing out that in order to believe the accusations of anti-Semitism you must ignore numerous things. Such as, the many high profile people he names as reptilian who are not Jewish, a point which was also made by Jon Ronson in his 2001 documentary Secret Rulers Of The World. You must also ignore the frequent statements by Icke that he is speaking literally and not metaphorically. And you must ignore the fact he identifies the supposedly reptilian ruling elite as 'Aryan' in several places, which specifically contradicts the idea that reptilian is code for 'Jew'. Also noting that Icke denounces racism calling it "the ultimate idiocy"^[176] Icke regards Christian patriots as the only Americans who understand the "New World Order".^[177]

Thanks to Icke's prominence, public figures are regularly asked whether they are lizards. An Official Information Act request was filed in New Zealand in 2008 to ask this of John Key, the prime minister, and Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg was asked the same during a Q&A in 2016. (Both men said they were not lizards. Key added that he had taken the unusual step of consulting not only a doctor but a vet.)^[184] In a 2013 survey in the United States by Public Policy Polling, 4% believed that "'lizard people' control our societies."^{[185][186][187]}

James Ward states that "In some ways, you could say [Icke's] been vindicated. For years he has claimed that people operating at the highest levels of the establishment were members of secret paedophile networks, claims that now routinely appear on the front pages of our newspapers. Many of the people at the centre of these stories were even specifically named by Icke in print years ago." Except that, "even on this issue Icke’s credibility is compromised by his habit of naming more or less everyone and claiming they are all part of the same network. Inevitably, he’s going to be right once in a while – after all, if you throw enough shit at a stopped clock, some of it will stick. And throw shit he does." Adding that, Icke's underlying message is positive, which "might hint at why it appeals to some": as Icke said at Wembley in 2012, "If we want a world of love and peace, we have to be loving and peaceful with everyone, even people we don't like."^[13]

Selected works

Books

Notes

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "David Icke and the Rise of the Lizard People". Stuff They Don't Want You to Know. 10 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
2. ^ For "professional conspiracy theorist", Michael Barkun, Chasing Phantoms: Reality, Imagination, and Homeland Security Since 9/11, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011, 72.
3. ^ For the quote, David Icke, "Biography 1", davidickebooks.co.uk, accessed 8 June 2011 (webcite).
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Tyson E. Lewis, Richard Kahn, Education Out of Bounds: Reimagining Cultural Studies for a Posthuman Age, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, 75.
5. ^ David G. Robertson, UFOs, Conspiracy Theories and the New Age, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016, 121.
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Michael Barkun, A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003, 103.
7. ^ David Icke, In the Light of Experience, London: Warner Books, 1993, 192–194.
8. ^ Jon Ronson, Them: Adventures with Extremists, London: Simon & Schuster, 2001, 152–154.
9. ^
   Channel 5
   , 12 December 2006, from 00:02:20.
10. ^ For the four books over seven years, Barkun 2003, 103.
11. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Offley, Will (29 February 2000). "David Icke And The Politics Of Madness Where The New Age Meets The Third Reich". Political Research Associates. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
12. ^ ^{a b c d} Harriet Alexander, "David Icke – would you believe it?", The Daily Telegraph, 4 December 2011.
13. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o} James Ward (10 December 2014). "Mocked prophet: what is David Icke's appeal?". New Humanist. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
14. ^ ^{a b c d} Paul Doyle, "David Icke", The Guardian, 17 February 2006.
15. ^ ^{a b c d} Icke, The Biggest Secret, 26–27.
16. ^ ^{a b c} Lewis and Kahn 2010, 82.
17. ^ Icke, The Biggest Secret, 19–25, 40.
18. ^ ^{a b c} Andrew Neil, "David Icke on 9/11 and lizards in Buckingham Palace theories", This Week, BBC (video), 20 May 2016, 00:04:02.
19. ^ ^{a b c d} Henry Widdas (17 April 2018). "Being 'red-pilled' by David Icke has never been so entertaining...and terrifying". Lancashire Evening Post. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
20. ^ "Lizard conspiracist David Icke not wanted in Berlin". Deutsche Welle. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
21. ^ Widdas, Henry (16 July 2018). "Icke: Reports of my madness have been greatly exaggerated". Lancashire Post. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
22. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 28–30.
23. ^ "1479714 Leading Aircraftman Beric Vaughan Icke, Royal Air Force", The London Gazette, 14 May 1943.
24. ^ ^{a b} Icke, In the Light of Experience, 29, 33.
25. ^ Ned Newitt, The Slums of Leicester, JMD Media Ltd, 2013, 153 (for demolition, 159–160).
26. ^ ^{a b} David Icke, Tales from the Time Loop, Ryde: Bridge of Love Publications, 2003, 2–3.
27. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 36, 38.
28. ^ David Icke Coventry City
29. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 39–40.
30. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 44, 46.
31. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 54, 58 (for Oxford).
32. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 66–69.
33. ^ David Icke, Remember Who You Are: Remember 'Where' You Are and Where You 'Come' From, Ryde: David Icke Books, 2012, 4.
34. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 69–73.
35. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 61–63.
36. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 61.
37. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 82, 96, 253–254.
38. ^ Robertson 2016, 139–140, 147.
39. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 72, 75.
40. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 78.
41. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 79, 81, 83.
42. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 85–86.
43. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 88–91.
44. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 91–92.
45. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 93–95, 99–100.
46. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 98.
47. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 109.
48. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 104.
49. ^ Icke, Tales from the Time Loop, 7.
50. ^ "Protester David Icke finally pays community charge," The Guardian, 14 November 1990.
51. ^ ^{a b} Kennedy, Maev (20 March 1991). "Icke resigns Green Speaker and parliamentary roles". The Guardian.
52. ^ David Icke, Truth Vibrations, London: Gateway, 1991, 3.
53. ^ David Icke, "Does the Animal Kingdom need a Bill of Rights?", Royal Institute of Great Britain, 1989.
54. ^ Weekend Guardian, 22–23 September 1990.
55. ^ Icke, Days of Decision, 19.
56. ^ David Icke, Phantom Self, Ryde: David Icke Books, 2016, 1–2.
57. ^ ^{a b} "Biography 1", davidickebooks.co.uk, accessed 8 June 2011 (archived).
58. ^ "The 10 worst decisions in the history of sport", The Observer, 12 January 2003.
59. ^ Icke, The Truth Vibrations, 4.
60. ^ Kay 2011, 179.
61. doi:10.1558/ijsnr.v4i1.27
62. ^ For the date and predictions, "Biography 2", davidickebooks.co.uk, accessed 12 December 2010 (archived).
63. ^ Icke 2016, 3.
64. ^ Icke, Tales from the Time Loop, 12–13, 16.
65. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 190, 208.
66. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 192.
67. ^ ^{a b c d} Jon Ronson, "Beset by lizards (part one)"; "Beset by lizards (part two)", The Guardian, 17 March 2001, edited extracts from Jon Ronson, Them: Adventures with Extremists.
68. ^ Sam Taylor, "So I was in this bar with the son of God ...," The Observer, 20 April 1997.
69. ^ Robertson 2016, 130.
70. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 223, 254.
71. ^ Robertson 2016, 134–135.
72. ^ Icke, In the Light of Experience, 188 for his father; 192–193 for the press conference.
73. ^ Robertson 2016, 130–131.
74. ^ John Ezard, "'Son and daughter of God' predict apocalypse is nigh," The Guardian, 28 March 1991.
75. ^ ^{a b} Robertson 2016, 131.
76. ^ Ronson 2001, 154.
77. ^ "The day David Icke told Terry Wogan 'I'm the son of God'", The Daily Telegraph, 29 April 2016.
78. ^ Des Christy, "Crucifixion, courtesy of the BBC," The Guardian, 6 May 1991.
79. ^ "Icke taunted," The Times, 27 May 1991.
80. ^ Ronson 2001, 173.
81. ^
    ISBN 978-1474253208
    .
82. ^ Icke, Tales from the Time Loop, 14, 17, 26.
83. ^
    Channel 5
    , 12 December 2006.
84. ^ Robertson 2016, pp. 133–135.
85. ^ Ronson (Channel 4) 2001, 06:12 mins.
86. ^ ^{a b c d e} Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity, New York University Press, 2003, 291.
87. ^ Barkun 2003, 50, 145–146.
88. ^ "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" (timeline), United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
89. ^ Barkun 2003, 50, 145–146.
90. ^ Juliane Wetzel, "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion on the internet: How radical political groups are networked via antisemitic conspiracy theories," in Esther Webman (ed.), The Global Impact of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion: A Century-Old Myth, New York: Routledge, 2012 (147–160), 148.
91. ^ ^{a b c d} Barkun 2003, 104.
92. ^ Also see Norman Simms, "Anti-Semitism: A Psychopathological Disease," in Jerry S. Piven, Chris Boyd, Henry W. Lawton (eds.), Judaism and Genocide: Psychological Undercurrents of History, Volume IV, Lincoln, NE: Writers Club Press, 2002, 30ff.
93. ^ Robertson 2016, 138.
94. ^ For Cooper: Ed Vulliamy, Bruce Dirks, "New trial may solve riddle of Oklahoma bombing", The Guardian, 3 November 1997.
95. ^ Icke, The Robots' Rebellion, London: Gateway, 1992, 114.
96. ^ ^{a b} Mark Honigsbaum, "The Dark Side of David Icke", London Evening Standard, 26 May 1995.
97. ^ Robertson 2016, 138.
98. ^ "Greens bar Icke", The Independent, 12 September 1994.
99. ^ Vivek Chaudhary, "Greens see red at 'Son of God's anti-Semitism'," The Guardian, 12 September 1994.
100. ^ Stephen Goodwin, "Icke factor could thwart Greens' serious message", The Independent, 29 September 1994.
101. ^ F. Faucher-King, Changing Parties: An Anthropology of British Political Conferences, Springer, 2005, 264, n. 10.
102. ^ David Icke, "Down but speaking out among the Greens," letters to the editor, The Guardian, 14 September 1994.
103. ^ Barkun 2003, 144.
104. ^ David Icke, "Chapter Seven: Master races", And the Truth Shall Set You Free, Ryde: Bridge of Love Publications, 1995, 127–146.
105. ^ Will Offley, "Selected Quotes Of David Icke", Political Research Associates, 23 February 2000.
106. ^ Icke, And the Truth Shall Set You Free, Introduction to 21st century edition.
107. ^ ^{a b c d} Barkun 2003, 106.
108. ^ "David Icke: Beyond the Cutting Edge (2008)", IMDb.
109. ^ Paul Evans, "Interview: David Icke", New Statesman, 3 March 2008.
110. ^ Oliver Marre, "Pendennis", The Observer, 20 January 2008.
111. ^ David Icke, "David Icke Live at the Oxford Union Debating Society", produced by Linda Atherton, Commonage, February 2008.
112. ^ For London, Susie Mesure, "David Icke is not the Messiah. Or even that naughty. But boy, can he drone on", The Independent, 27 October 2012.
113. ^ Robertson 2016, 139–140.
114. ^ Robertson 2016, 147.
115. ^ "Haltemprice and Howden: Result in full", BBC News, 11 July 2008.
116. ^ Martin Wainwright, Allegra Stratton and agencies, "Haltemprice and Howden byelection: Davis sees off Loonies and claims victory in 42-day detention battle", The Guardian, 11 July 2008.
117. ^ "David ICKE stood for the None (No Party)", VoteWise, accessed 12 December 2010.
118. ^ Philippe Naughton, "Reptilians beware – David Icke is back!", The Times, 27 June 2008.
119. ^ Tomas Jivanda, "David Icke launches internet TV station The People's Voice", The Independent, 25 November 2013.
120. ^ The People's Voice 2.0 Archived 18 May 2016 at the Portuguese Web Archive, thepeoplesvoice.tv.
121. ^ The People's Voice, YouTube.
122. ^ For law of attraction, Icke, Children of the Matrix, 291ff, and The Biggest Secret, 30–40. For other possible worlds, Icke, The Biggest Secret, 26–27.
123. ^ Icke, The Biggest Secret, 5–9.
124. ^ ^{a b} David Icke, Remember Who You Are: Remember 'Where' You Are and Where You 'Come' From, Ryde: David Icke Books, 2012.
125. ^ Readfearn, Graham (2016). "More terrifying than Trump? The booming conspiracy culture of climate science denial". The Guardian.
126. ^ Barkun 2003, 105.
127. ^ Icke, The Biggest Secret, 19–25, 40.
128. ^ Icke, The Biggest Secret, 52ff.
129. ^ Robertson 2016, 140ff.
130. ^ ^{a b} "The Royal Family are bloodsucking alien lizards – David Icke", The Scotsman, 30 January 2006.
131. ^ ^{a b c} Icke, The Biggest Secret, 40.
132. ^ Icke, The Biggest Secret, 61.
133. ^ Icke, Biggest Secret, 52.
134. ^ Icke, The Biggest Secret, 43.
135. ^ Icke, The Biggest Secret, 61.
136. ^ Robertson 2016, 138.
137. ^ Barbara Marciniak, Bringers of the Dawn, Rochester: Bear & Company, 1992.
138. ^ Robertson 2013, 35.
139. ^ Icke, The Biggest Secret, 30.
140. ^ Lewis and Kahn 2010, 81.
141. ^ Robertson 2016, 150–151.
142. ^ David Icke, "This much I know", interviewed by Ben Mitchell, The Observer, 22 January 2006.
143. ^ Robertson 2016, 152.
144. ^ Icke, Children of the Matrix, 339. For London School of Economics, Icke, Human Race Get off Your Knees, 134, 646, and Jonathan Kay, Among the Truthers: A Journey Through America's Growing Conspiracist Underground, HarperCollins, 2011, 180.
145. ^ Lewis and Kahn 2010, 83.
146. ^ Gindin, Matthew. "Anti-Semitic Conspiracy Theorist David Icke Gives Talk in Vancouver". http://www.cjnews.com. The Canadian Jewish News. Retrieved 6 November 2018. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
147. ^ Ronson, Jon. "Beset by Lizards". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
148. ^ Marshall, Michael. "David Icke Live: What I Learned From Spending Four Hours With The World's Most Famous Conspiracy Theorist". Gizmodo - UK. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
149. ^ ^{a b c} Robertson 2016, 139.
150. ^ ^{a b} David Icke, "Problem-reaction-solution", News for the Soul, accessed 12 December 2010.
151. ^ Icke, Human Race Get Off Your Knees: The Lion Sleeps No More.
152. ^ For 9/11, Icke, Alice in Wonderland and the World Trade Center Disaster.
153. ^ For global warming and Agenda 21, Icke, Phantom Self, 303.
154. ^ Henry Widdas (7 June 2018). "David Icke: My unanswered 9/11 questions". Lancashire Evening Post. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
155. ^ Robertson 2016, 157.
156. ISBN 978-0953881048.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link
     )
157. ISBN 978-0953881048.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link
     )
158. ^ Robertson 2016, 157.
159. ^ David Icke, Infinite Love is the Only Truth: Everything Else is Illusion, Wildwood, MO: Bridge of Love Publications, 2005, 79–80.
160. ^ ^{a b} Icke, Infinite Love is the Only Truth, 78–81.
161. ^ David Icke, Human Race Get Off Your Knees: The Lion Sleeps No More, Ryde: David Icke Books, 2010, 618, 627, 632.
162. ^ Liam O'Brien (19 May 2013). "Prize-winning author Alice Walker gives support to David Icke on Desert Island Discs". Independent. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
163. ^ Robertson 2016, 157.
164. ISBN 978-0-8223-3632-7
     .
165. ^ Barkun 2011, 72.
166. ^ ^{a b} "Lizard conspiracist David Icke not wanted in Berlin". Deutsche Welle. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
167. ISBN 978-0-8032-5945-4
     .
168. ^ Jon Ronson, "David Icke, the Lizards, and the Jews", Channel 4, 6 May 2001, 00:16:30.
169. ^ "Don't waste your money to see conspiracy theorist David Icke". 13 July 2016.
170. ^ ^{a b} "From Green Messiah to New Age Nazi". Institute for Social Ecology. January 1996. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
171. ^ "Rainbow Ark magazine". Center for Media and Democracy. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
172. ^ Frances Kraft, "New Age speaker set to talk in Toronto", The Canadian Jewish News, 7 October 1999.
173. ^ Jason Cowley, "The Icke Files", The Independent on Sunday, 1 October 2000.
174. ^ "Lizard conspiracist David Icke not wanted in Berlin". Deutsche Welle. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
175. ^ Jackson, Jamie (17 November 2017). "Manchester United cancel David Icke show at Old Trafford after backlash". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
176. ^
     ISBN 978-1474253208
     .
177. ^ Barkun 2003, 107.
178. ^ Barkun 2003, 98; 103ff, 163.
179. ^ Barkun 2003, 10–11, 107–108, 184.
180. ^ Barkun 2003, 106, 108.
181. ^ Lewis and Kahn 2010, 73ff, 83.
182. JSTOR 20718709
183. ^ Lewis and Kahn 2010, 88ff.
184. ^ Ben Guarino, "‘I am not a lizard’: Mark Zuckerberg is latest celebrity asked about reptilian conspiracy", The Washington Post, 15 June 2016.
185. ^ "Conspiracy Theory Poll Results", Public Policy Polling, 2 April 2013.
186. ^ Paul Harris, "One in four Americans think Obama may be the antichrist, survey says", The Guardian, 2 April 2013.
187. ^ Olga Oksman, "Conspiracy craze: why 12 million Americans believe alien lizards rule us", The Guardian, 7 April 2016.

Further reading

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• Banyan, Will. "The Big Picture: David Icke, Alice in Wonderland and the World Trade Center Disaster" (pdf), Paranoia Magazine, October 2003.
• Kay, Jonathan. "When paranoia goes intergalactic", The National Post, 12 May 2011.

Video

• Icke, David. Presenting snooker, BBC, 1980s.
• Icke, David. International snooker, BBC1, 24 March 1989 (from 00:01:09).
• Icke, David. "Does the Animal Kingdom need a Bill of Rights?", Royal Institute of Great Britain, Arena, BBC 2, 1989.
• Wogan, Terry. David Icke on Wogan, BBC, 29 April 1991.
• Britton, Fern. Interview with David Icke, ITV, 1991.
• Wogan, Terry. "Wogan, Now and Then", interview with Icke, BBC, 2006.
• Icke, David. "Live at the Oxford Union", February 2008.
• Maher, Bill. Interview with David Icke, Religulous, 2008.
• Icke, David. "Still crazy after all these years", from The Lion Sleeps No More DVD, 2010.
• Neil, Andrew. "David Icke on 9/11 and lizards in Buckingham Palace theories", This Week, BBC, 20 May 2016.

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