Nandinagari
Nandināgarī 𑧁𑧞𑦿𑧒𑧁𑧑𑦰𑧈𑧓 | ||
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Script type | ||
Time period | c. 7th to 19th century | |
Direction | Left-to-right Unicode range | U+119A0–U+119FF |
Brahmic scripts |
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The Brahmi script and its descendants |
Nandināgarī is a Brahmic script derived from the
It is a sister script to Devanāgarī, which is common in other parts of India.[6]
Etymology
Nāgarī comes from नगर (nagara), which means city.[7]
There have been Nandināgarī inscriptions from the Kakatiya period found in Mahabubabad, located 212 km from Nandi Nagar, Hyderabad.[8]
The first part of the term "Nandi" is ambiguous in its context. It may mean "sacred" or "auspicious" (cf. Nandi verses in Sanskrit drama).[citation needed] Nandi is the name of Lord Siva's Vrishabhavahana (bull vehicle), a revered icon, and it may be the source of the name.[citation needed]
History
Nandināgarī is a Brāhmī-based script that was used in southern India between the 11th and 19th centuries AD for producing manuscripts and inscriptions in Sanskrit in south Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It derives from the central group of Nāgarī scripts and is related to Devanāgarī. There are also several styles of Nandināgarī, considered by scholars as variant forms of the script.[6][9]
Some of the earliest inscriptions in Nandināgarī have been found in
In a Travancore temple of Kerala, an Anantasayana Mahatmya palm-leaf manuscript was found, and it is in Nandināgarī script.[16]
Nandināgarī script was used to spell the
Numerous Sanskrit manuscripts written in Nandināgarī have been discovered in South India, but it is one of the least documented and studied ancient scripts of India.[17] These cover Vedas, philosophy, commentaries on ancient works,[18] mythology, science and arts.[4][19][20] These are preserved in the manuscript libraries, particularly those in the southern regions of the country.[3] Some Nandināgarī texts are in biscript that include other major south India language scripts, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada scripts.[21]
Comparison to Devanāgarī
Nandināgarī and Devanāgarī scripts are very close and share many similarities, but they also show systematic differences. Nandināgarī differs from Devanāgarī more in the shape of its vowels, and less in many consonant shapes.[1] It has an overline at the top of each character but does not conjoin them across whole words as one long, connected, horizontal line (shirorekhā). Nandināgarī is thus a sister script of Devanāgarī, but not a trivial variation.[6]
The Nandināgarī manuscripts also show cosmetic and style differences, such as the use of distinct Anusvaras and method of labeling each hymn or verse.[22]
Unicode
Nandināgarī script was added to the Unicode Standard in March 2019 with the release of version 12.0.
The Unicode block for Nandināgarī is U+119A0–U+119FF:
Nandinagari[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+119Ax | 𑦠 | 𑦡 | 𑦢 | 𑦣 | 𑦤 | 𑦥 | 𑦦 | 𑦧 | 𑦪 | 𑦫 | 𑦬 | 𑦭 | 𑦮 | 𑦯 | ||
U+119Bx | 𑦰 | 𑦱 | 𑦲 | 𑦳 | 𑦴 | 𑦵 | 𑦶 | 𑦷 | 𑦸 | 𑦹 | 𑦺 | 𑦻 | 𑦼 | 𑦽 | 𑦾 | 𑦿 |
U+119Cx | 𑧀 | 𑧁 | 𑧂 | 𑧃 | 𑧄 | 𑧅 | 𑧆 | 𑧇 | 𑧈 | 𑧉 | 𑧊 | 𑧋 | 𑧌 | 𑧍 | 𑧎 | 𑧏 |
U+119Dx | 𑧐 | 𑧑 | 𑧒 | 𑧓 | 𑧔 | 𑧕 | 𑧖 | 𑧗 | 𑧚 | 𑧛 | 𑧜 | 𑧝 | 𑧞 | 𑧟 | ||
U+119Ex | 𑧠 | 𑧡 | 𑧢 | 𑧣 | 𑧤 | |||||||||||
U+119Fx | ||||||||||||||||
Notes |
See also
References
- ^ a b c Prathima, G. & Rao, G. K. (2011). A Survey of Nandinagari Manuscript Recognition System. International Journal of Science & Technology, 1(1), 30-36.
- ^ ISBN 978-0415772945, page 75
- ^ ISBN 978-3447045049, pages xxii, 201-210
- ^ ISBN 978-8185691107, pages 55-62
- ^ Friedrich Otto Schrader (1988), A descriptive catalogue of the Sanskrit manuscripts in the Adyar Library, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
- ^ a b c Pandey, Anshuman. (2013). Preliminary Proposal to Encode Nandinagari in ISO/IEC 10646.
- ^ "Sanskrit and Tamil Dictionaries". www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ^ U. Sudhakar Reddy (12 June 2018). "Kakatiya dynasty: Nandinagar script inscription from Kakatiya rule found in Mahabubabad | Hyderabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ^ Pandey, Anshuman. (2017). Final proposal to encode Nandinagari in Unicode.
- ^ Nagari script Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu (2011)
- ISBN 978-0195693737, pages 29-30
- ISBN 978-1108046107, page 61 with footnote 1
- ^ MacKenzie Collection of Oriental Manuscripts, p. PA3, at Google Books, Asiatic Society of Bengal, pages 3, 6-7
- ^ A Hindu Book of Tales: The Vikramacarita, Franklin Edgerton, The American Journal of Philology, Volume 33, No. 131, page 249-252
- ^ A Hindu Book of Tales: The Vikramacarita, Franklin Edgerton, The American Journal of Philology, Volume 33, No. 131, page 262
- ^ H. H. Wilson and Colin Mackenzie, Mackenzie Collection: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Oriental Manuscripts, p. 62, at Google Books, Asiatic Society, page 62
- ISBN 978-3447045049, page xxii
- ISBN 978-0871691460, pages 29, 201, 217, 260, 269, 409
- ^ A Descriptive Catalogue of the Oriental Manuscripts, p. PA2, at Google Books, H. H. Wilson, Mackenzie Collection of Nandinagari, Devanagari, Grandham and Telugu Manuscripts (South India), pages 2-8, 12-14
- ISBN 978-0871692139, pages 26-27, 79-81, 237-241
- ISBN 978-0871690814, see Preface and Introduction
- ^ Srinidhi (2015), Encoding of Vedic characters used in non-Devanagari scripts, UNICODE International, pages 7-9
External links
- Palaeographical Importance of Nandinagari, HareKrsna.com