Voiced epiglottal trill
Voiced pharyngeal trill (voiced epiglottal fricative) | |||
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ʢ | |||
IPA Number | 174 | ||
Audio sample | |||
help | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʢ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+02A2 | ||
X-SAMPA | <\ | ||
Braille | |||
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The voiced epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, or voiced epiglottal fricative,spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʢ⟩.
Few languages distinguish between pharyngeal and epiglottal fricatives/trills, and in fact the fricatives in Arabic are routinely described as "pharyngeal". However, according to
epiglottal stop), as presented in these audio files
.
Features
Features of the voiced epiglottal trill/fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
- Its epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aghul | Richa dialect[2] | [ʢakʷ] | 'light' | ||
Arabic[3] |
Iraqi[4]
|
عَاف | [ʢaːf] | 'he left' | Corresponds to /ʕ/ ( Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology
|
Siwa[5] | [arˤbˤəʢa] | 'four' |
See also
Notes
- ^ John Esling (2010) "Phonetic Notation", in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds) The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, 2nd ed., p 695.
- ^ Kodzasov, S. V. (August 1–7, 1987). "Pharyngeal Features in the Daghestan Languages". Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Tallinn, Estonia. pp. 142–144.
- ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:167–168)
- ^ Hassan, Zeki; Esling, John; Moisik, Scott; Crevier-Buchman, Lise (2011). "Aryepiglottic trilled variants of /ʕ, ħ/ in Iraqi Arabic". Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Hong Kong. pp. 831–834.
- ^ Naumann, Christfried (June 26, 2009). "Siwa". Leipzig, Germany: Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12.
References
- ISBN 0-631-19815-6