Voiced palatal affricate
| Voiced palatal affricate | |
|---|---|
| ɟʝ | |
IPA Number | 108 (139) |
| Audio sample | |
|
help | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | ɟ͡ʝ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+025F U+0361 U+029D |
| X-SAMPA | J\_j\ |
The voiced palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɟ͡ʝ⟩ and ⟨ɟ͜ʝ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\_j\. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨ɟʝ⟩ in the IPA and J\j\ in X-SAMPA.
This sound is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.
It occurs in languages such as
Skolt Sami, among others. The voiced palatal affricate is quite rare; it is mostly absent from Europe as a phoneme (it occurs as an allophone in most Spanish dialects), with the aforementioned Uralic languages and Albanian being exceptions. It usually occurs with its voiceless counterpart, the voiceless palatal affricate
.
Features
Features of the voiced palatal affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence. It is not a sibilant.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Standard[1] | gjë | [ɟ͡ʝə] | 'thing' | |
| Asturian | Western dialects[2] | muyyer | [muˈɟ͡ʝeɾ] | 'woman' | Alternate evolution of -lj-, -c'l-, pl-, cl- and fl- in the Brañas Vaqueiras area of Western Asturias. May be also realized as [c] or [c͡ç] |
| Makassarese[3] | jarang | [ˈɟ͡ʝa.rãŋ] | 'horse' | Phonemicized as /ɟ/. | |
| Norwegian | Central and Western dialects[4] | leggja
|
[leɟ͡ja] | 'lay' | See Norwegian phonology |
Skolt Sami
|
vuõˊlǧǧem | [vʲuɘlɟ͡ʝːɛm] | 'I leave' | Contrasts with [ Skolt Sami language
| |
| Spanish | Castilian[5] | yate
|
[ˈɟ͡jate̞] | 'yacht' | Occurs only in the onset. In free variation with the fricative/approximant /ʝ/ elsewhere. See Spanish phonology |
See also
Notes
- ^ Palatal controversies Péter Siptár(2013)
- ^ "Tinéu. Mapa del conceyu | El Teixu" (in Asturian). Retrieved 2019-11-24.
- ISBN 0-7007-1286-0
- ^ Skjekkeland (1997:96–100)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258)
References
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259,
- Menéndez García, Manuel (1965), El Cuarto de los Valles (Un habla del occidente astur) (in Spanish), IDEA, pp. 147–148
- Skjekkeland, Martin (1997), Dei norske dialektane: Tradisjonelle særdrag i jamføring med skriftmåla (in Norwegian), Høyskoleforlaget (Norwegian Academic Press)
External links
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
