Pencak silat
light-contact | |
Country of origin | Indonesia |
---|---|
Famous practitioners | Iko Uwais, Yayan Ruhian, Cecep Arif Rahman |
Olympic sport | No |
Traditions of Pencak Silat | |
---|---|
Madura, East Java); Encak, Pencakan (East Java); Pencak (Special Region of Yogyakarta, East Java, Bali); Kuntau (West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan); Langga (Gorontalo), Amanca (South Sulawesi); Pakuttau (West Sulawesi), Mencak, Kuntuh (West Nusa Tenggara ). |
Highest International Pencak Silat Federation (IPSF) | |
---|---|
First played | Indonesia |
Characteristics | |
Contact | Dependent on type of Pencak silat |
Team members | Individuals or Team |
Mixed-sex | Yes |
Type | Martial art |
Venue | Fighting arena |
Presence | |
Country or region | Worldwide, South East Asia primarily |
Olympic | (Unofficial Sport) |
World Championships | World Pencak Silat Championships |
Pencak silat (Indonesian pronunciation:
The
Pencak silat is included in the
Pencak silat was recognized as a
Etymology
Although the word silat is widely known throughout much of Southeast Asia, the term pencak silat is used mainly in Indonesia. "Pencak silat" was chosen in 1948 as a unifying term for the Indonesian fighting styles. It was a compound of the two most commonly used words for martial arts in Indonesia. Pencak was the term used by the Sundanese in western part of Java and also in the Central Java and East Java,[12] while silat was used in Sumatra, Malay Peninsula and Borneo where the Malay diaspora also exist in these places. In Minang usage, pencak and silat are seen as being two aspects of the same practice. Pencak is the essence of training, the outward aspect of the art which a casual observer is permitted to witness as performance. Silat is the essence of combat and self-defense, the true fighting application of the techniques which are kept secret from outsiders and not divulged to students until the guru deems them ready. While other definitions exist, all agree that silat cannot exist without pencak, and pencak without silat skills is purposeless.[13]
Some believe that pencak comes from the Sanskrit word pancha meaning five, or from the Chinese term pencha or pungcha which implies parrying or deflecting, and striking or pressing.[14]
Other terms may be used in particular dialects such as silek, penca, mancak, maen po or main-po.
Dutch East Indies newspapers of the colonial era recorded the terms for martial arts under Dutch spellings. These include silat, pencak (spelled in Dutch as "pentjak"), penca ("pentjah"), mancak ("mentjak"), manca ("mentjah"), and pukulan ("poekoelan").[15] In 1881 a magazine calls mancak a Batak fencing game "with long swords, daggers or wood (mentjah)"[16] These papers described mancak as Malay (Maleische) suggesting that the word originates in Sumatra.[17] These terms were used separately from silat in the Dutch East Indies.[18] The terms pukulan or main pukulan (spelled "maen poekoelan" in Dutch) referred to the fighting systems of Jakarta but was also used generally for the martial arts of other parts of Indonesia such as Sumatra and Lombok.[15] Believed to be a Betawi term, it derives from the words for play (main) and hit (pukulan).
History
Origins
The oral history of Indonesia begins with the mythical legend about the arrival of
The earliest evidence of pencak silat being taught in a structured manner comes from 6th-century
During the 13th century, Ken Arok, a thug turned into a self made hero and ruler, took over the power from Kediri Kingdom and established the Rajasa dynasty. This reflects the jago (people's champion) culture of ancient Java, where a self made cunning man skillful in martial arts, could rally supports and took over the kingdom.[20]
Colonial era
The lucrative spice trade eventually brought colonists from Europe, first the Portuguese followed by the Dutch and British. The Dutch East India Company became the dominant power and established full colonial rule in Indonesia. Local revolts and uprisings were common, but all were suppressed by the Dutch armed with guns and cannons. The Dutch brought in even more Chinese workers to Indonesia, which brought a greater variety of local kuntao systems. But while the Europeans could effectively overtake and hold the cities, they found it impossible to control the smaller villages and roads connecting them. Indonesians took advantage of this, fighting an underground war through guerilla tactics. Local weapons were recorded as being used against the Dutch, particularly knives and edged weapons such as the golok, parang, kris and klewang.
During the 17th century, the Bugis people of Sulawesi allied with the Dutch colonists to destroy Mangkasara rule over the surrounding area. While this increased Bugis power in the southwest, Dutch rule deprived seafaring merchants like the Bugis of their traditional employment. As a result, these communities increasingly turned to piracy during the 17th-18th centuries. Not only was pencak silat practiced by the pirates, but new styles were created to combat them.
During the
Modern era
Conflict with the European rulers provided an impetus for the proliferation of new styles of pencak silat, now founded on the platform of nationalism and the desire for freedom from colonisation. The Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) was founded in 1948 to bring all of Indonesia's pencak silat under a single administration. The world's oldest nationwide silat organisation, its basis is that all pencak silat is built on a common source, and that less functional styles must give way to the technically superior. IPSI has avoided the tendency of modern martial arts that gravitate towards sport. The resistance to sport has lessened over time, however, and sparring in particular has become less combative. While nominally an Indonesian organisation, many of the rules and regulations outlined by IPSI have become the de facto standard for silat competitions worldwide. Indo-Dutch Eurasians who first began practicing pencak silat in the 20th century[15] spread the art to the west in the late 20th century.
Today pencak silat is one of the extra-curricular activities taught in Indonesian schools. It is included as a combat sport in local, national and international athletic events such as the
Weapons
As with most ancient fighting arts, pencak silat historically prioritized weapons over unarmed combat. While this is usually not the case today, all pencak silat schools include weapons to some degree of importance. While pencak silat includes a wide array of weapons, the following are considered standard in all classical styles. In addition to these, many systems include a specialty or "secret" weapon taught only to advanced students.
- Toya: Staff usually made of rattan but sometimes wood or metal. Typically measures 5–6 feet long and 1.5-2 inches in diameter.
- Tombak/Lembing: Spear or javelin made of bamboo, steel or wood that sometimes has horsehair attached near the blade.
- Parang: Machete-like chopper, ranging from 10 to 36 inches long
- Golok: Heavy cleaver measuring 10-20 inches long. The blade is heaviest in the centre
- Pisau: Any short-bladed knife
- Kris: Double-edged dagger made by folding different types of metal together and then washing it in acid.
- Celurit: A sickle, commonly used in farming, cultivation and harvesting of crops.
- Tongkat/Galah: Short stick or cudgel
- Pedang: Sword, most often single-edged and either straight or slightly curved. Usually measures 15-35 inches overall with a blade upward of 10 inches long
- Klewang: Single-edge longsword with a protruding notch near its tip
- Chabang: Short-handled trident, literally meaning "branch"
- Selendang: A silk that can be used for strangling, grappling and whipping
- Kerambit: A small curved knife resembling a claw.
Styles and schools
Over 150 styles of pencak silat are recognised in Indonesia,[21] although the actual number of existing systems is well beyond that. Older methods are typically identified with specific ethno-cultural groups or particular regions.
Minangkabau
The Minangkabau formed the dominant sovereignty in West Sumatra and make up the majority of Sumatran pencak silat systems. These styles may be referred to as silat Minangkabau, silat Padang (lit. field silat), or silek, the local pronunciation of silat. Very few systems in Indonesia have not been influenced by silek, and its techniques form the core of pencak silat throughout Sumatra. It developed as an extension of the original silat Melayu from Riau. Folklore traces this to five masters, namely Ninik Datuak Suri Dirajo from Padang Panjang, Kambiang Utan ("forest goat") from Cambodia, Harimau Campo ("tiger of Champa") from Vietnam, Kuciang Siam ("Siamese cat") from Thailand and Anjiang Mualim ("teacher dog") from Gujarat.[22][23] Stealth and ambush were the preferred Minang war tactics, and they were said to be among the best assassins in the world when dispatched singly. Silek Minangkabau is characterised by its low stances and reliance on kicks and leg tactics. The low stance is said to have developed to offset the chance of falling on slippery ground, common in the rice fields of West Sumatra. The local practice of paddling rafts with the legs strengthened fighters' lower body muscles. Hand and arm movements are fast, honed through an exercise in which the exponent stands across from a partner tossing sharpened sticks or knives. The practitioner must redirect the sticks or knives and send them back at the thrower, using their hands and a minimum of movements with the rest of the body.
There are currently around ten major styles of silek, a few of which like Silek Lintau are commonly practiced even in Malaysia. IPSI recognises Silek Harimau (tiger silek) as among the oldest pencak silat in existence. Silek Harimau, also known as silek kuciang or cat silek, epitomizes the Minang techniques in that it focuses on crouching and kicking from a low position paired with rapid hand attacks. Sitaralak imitates the power of a herd of stampeding
Java
From
Riau
Much of what constitutes classical Malay culture has its origin in the Riau Archipelago, including the earliest evidence of silat. Referred to as silat Melayu, the regional fighting systems of Riau have influenced nearly the entirety of Indonesian pencak silat, and into neighbouring Singapore and Malaysia. Fighting tactics dating back to the Srivijaya empire persist in Palembang today. Wide stances with the front foot turned slightly inward are typical, developed for fighting on Riau's muddy ground, while also preventing the knee joint from being exposed to frontal kicks. Seizing techniques which grab the arm are common. The most prominent weapons in silat Melayu are the staff (toya) and the spear. Spear forms in Riau usually begin with the blade pointed downward. Staff technique in silat Melayu of the Palembang area is said to be the best in all of Indonesian pencak silat. The weapon is made of wood and usually measures seven feet long. Fixed hand positions with very little sliding along the staff is characteristic of silat Melayu.
Sunda
Java's western region was the first area from which pencak silat spread out of Sumatra. The Sundanese pencak silat of West Java may be called silat Sunda or silat Bandung. In the Sundanese language they are generically referred to as penca (dialect form of pencak), ameng, ulin or maen po (from the word main meaning "play"). Ameng is the more respectful term, while ulin and maen po are of lower speech levels. Sunda systems are easily identified by the prefix ci (spelled "tji" by the Dutch). Pronounced "chi", it comes from the Sundanese word cai meaning river water, alluding to the fact that they were originally developed in river-basin areas. The deep, wide stance and resulting gait attests to this, owing to the practice of carefully placing the feet from a lifted position onto wet ground. Today, systems of Sunda derivation prefixed with ci are found even in the high plateaus and mountain ranges of both West and Central Java. Penca instruction was traditionally done through apprenticeship, wherein prospective students offer to work as a servant in the master's house or a labourer in the rice fields. In exchange for working during the day, the master provides the student's meals and trains during the evening. Penca is characterized by reliance on hand and arm movements for both attack and defense. Compared to other Javanese systems, Sunda styles have less frontal contact with the opponent, instead preferring to evade in a circular manner and attack from the side. In one form of training designed to practice circular evasion, victory is attained simply by touching the opponent's torso. Fasting and mantra were traditionally used to heighten the senses for this purpose.
The oldest styles of penca were based on animals and movements of farming or tending the fields. IPSI recognises Cimacan (tiger style), Ciular (snake style), and Pamonyet (monkey style) as among the oldest existing pencak silat. Cimacan is said to have been created by a Buddhist monk. The most prominent system of West Java is penca Cimande, first taught publicly by a
Betawi
Among the
Bali
Following the invasion by Demak, many families of the Majapahit empire fled to Bali. The descendants of the Majapahit were traditionally resistant to outside influence and as a result, the people of Bali often make a distinction between "pure" Balinese pencak silat and styles introduced from outside such as Perisai Diri. The native systems - known locally as pencak - are ultimately rooted in those of Java, and preserve tactics dating back to the Majapahit empire. They are less direct than other styles, characteristically favouring deception over aggression. Hand movements are used to distract, and openings are deliberately exposed to bluff the opponent into attacking. This approach requires that exponents train their flexibility and stamina. As with Balinese warriors of the past, modern pencak practitioners in Bali often wear headbands as part of their uniform.
There are about four main systems considered purely Balinese. The most prominent of these is
Bugis-Makassar
The Bugis (Ugi) and Makassar people (Mangkasara) are two related maritime groups from Sulawesi. The Bugis in particular were renowned navigators and shipbuilders, but also feared as corsairs and slave-traders. Both the Bugis and Makassarese were famous for piracy, though this was more common among the former than the latter. Silat in Sulawesi is closely tied to local animism, and weapons are believed to be imbued with a spirit of their own. Hand and arm movements are designed to be adaptable for use with a knife or with the empty hands. Attacks with the fists or open hands can be modified with a pinching action of the fingers, which has its origin in the pinch-grip of the badik. Bugis styles (silat Ugi) are based on these hand and arm movements and contain only limited kicks, almost all of the linear variety.
Generally,
Weapons used for all Bugis-Makassar pencak silat include all standard types normally associated with the
Aceh
Located on Sumatra's northwest coast on the westernmost tip of the archipelago, Aceh was the first port of call for traders sailing the Indian Ocean. Local culture and weapons (particularly knives) show distinct Indian-Muslim derivation. Unlike the more typical rattan shield, the Acehnese buckler is identical to the Indian dhal (shield), made from metal and with five or seven knobs on the surface. The Acehnese are recorded by both Indonesian and European sources as being the most warlike people in all of Sumatra, and this is reflected in the highly-aggressive nature of their pencak silat. Acehnese pencak silat borrows its foundation from silat Melayu and silek Minangkabau, particularly the arm-seizing techniques of the former and the ground-sitting postures of the latter. Bladed weaponry is favoured, specifically knives and swords. The primary weapon is the rencong, an L-shaped dagger used mainly for thrusting but also for slashing. The kris is used as well but the native rencong takes precedence.
Batak
Batak land is situated between the Minangkabau to the south and Aceh to the north, and the culture shows both Indian and Chinese influence. The word
Maluku
Pencak silat in the Maluku Islands uses a wide variety of weaponry, some of which are indigenous to the area. The particular specialty of Moluccan silat is the cabang (forked truncheon), pisau (knife), and the wooden or metal galah (staff). The local pedang (sword) is long-bladed and associated with female fighters. On Haruku Island, particular emphasis is placed on one-legged stances. This tactic was developed for fighting in the ankle-deep sands of the islands, allowing the exponent to use both kicking and eye-gouging techniques simultaneously.
Bajau
The
Techniques
Generalizations in pencak silat technique are very difficult; styles and movements are as diverse as the Indonesian archipelago itself. Individual disciplines can be offensive as in Aceh, evasive as in Bali, or somewhere in between. They may focus on strikes (pukulan), kicks (tendangan), locks (kuncian), weapons (senjata), or even on spiritual development rather than physical fighting techniques. Most styles specialize in one or two of these, but still make use of them all to some degree. Certain characteristics tend to prevail in particular geographical regions, as follows:
- Kicks - West Sumatra, North Sumatra
- Hands/Arms - Jakarta, West Java, Sulawesi, Kalimantan
- Grappling - East Java, Sumatra
- Strikes (hands and feet) - Madura
Stances and steps
Students begin by learning basic body stances and steps. Steps or dancing sweep fan (langkah) are ways of moving the feet from one point to another during a fight. Pencak silat has several basic steps, known as langkah 8 penjuru or "eight directions of steps". Traditional music is often used as a signal to change body position when practicing langkah.[33]
Langkah are taught in conjunction with preset stances, meant to provide a foundation from which to defend oneself or to launch attacks. The most basic stance is the horse stance (kekuda or kuda-kuda), which provides stability and firm body position by strengthening the quads. Other stances may train the feet, legs, thighs, glutes and back. Other essential stances are the middle stance, the side stance, and the forward stance. The crawling tiger stance, in which the body is kept low in a ground-hugging position, is most common in Minang silek. Stances are essentially a combination of langkah, body posture, and movement. Through their correct application, the practitioner will be able to attack or defend whether standing, crouching, or sitting down, and alternate smoothly from one position to another. When the student has become familiar with stances and langkah, all are combined in forms or jurus.
Forms
Forms or
Offense
Pencak silat uses the whole body for attack. The basic strikes are the punch (pukul) and kick (tendang), with many variations in between. Strikes may be performed with the fists, open palms, shins, feet (kaki), elbows (sikut), knees (dengkul or lutut), shoulders (bahu), or the fingers (jari). Even basic attacks may vary depending on style, lineage, and regional origin.[34] Some systems may favour punching with the clenched fist, while others might prefer slapping with the palm of the hand. Other common tactics include feints (tipuan) or deceptive blows used as distraction, sweeping (sapuan) to knock the opponent down, and the scissors takedown (guntingan) which grips the legs around the opponent.
Defense
Defense in pencak silat consists of blocking, dodging, deflecting, and countering. Blocks or tangkisan are the most basic form of defense.[34] Because pencak silat may target any part of the body, blocks can be done with the forearms, hands, shoulders, or shins. Blocking with the elbows may even hurt the attacker. Attacks can also be used defensively, such as kneeing a kicking opponent's leg. Hard blocks, in which force is met with force, are most suitable when fighting opponents of the same strength or lower. Styles that rely on physical power favour this approach, such as Tenaga Dasar. To minimize any damage sustained by the defender when blocking in this way, body conditioning is used such as toughening the forearms by hitting them against hard surfaces. In cases where the opponent is of greater strength, evasion (elakan) or deflections (pesongan) would be used, and are actually preferred in certain styles.
International competitions
The major international competition is Pencak Silat World Championship, organised by PERSILAT.[35] This competition takes place every 2 or 3 years period. More than 30 national teams competed in recent tournaments in Jakarta (2010), Chiang Rai (2012) and Phuket (2015).
Pencak Silat competition categories consist of:[36]
- Tanding (Match) category
- Tunggal (Single) category
- Ganda (Double) category
- Regu (Team) category
- Solo Creative (Single) Category
List of World Pencak Silat Championships
The championships have been referred to under different names: World Pencak Silat Championships, World Silat Championships or Pencak Silat World Championships.[37]
Edition | Year | Host | Nations | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1982 World Pencak Silat Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 7 | |
2 | 1984 World Pencak Silat Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 9 | |
3 | 1986 World Pencak Silat Championships | Vienna, Austria | 14 | |
4 | 1987 World Pencak Silat Championships | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 18 | |
5 | 1988 World Pencak Silat Championships | Singapore | 18 | |
6 | 1990 World Pencak Silat Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | 18 | |
7 | 1992 World Pencak Silat Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 20 | |
8 | 1994 World Pencak Silat Championships | Hatyai, Thailand
|
19 | |
9 | 1997 World Pencak Silat Championships | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 20 | |
10 | 2000 World Pencak Silat Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 20 | |
11 | 2002 World Pencak Silat Championships | Penang, Malaysia | 19 | |
12 | 2004 World Pencak Silat Championships | Singapore | 20 | |
13 | 2007 World Pencak Silat Championships | Pahang, Malaysia | 26 | |
14 | 2010 World Pencak Silat Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 32 | 23 |
15 | 2012 World Pencak Silat Championships | Chiang Rai, Thailand | 26 | |
16 | 2015 World Pencak Silat Championships | Phuket, Thailand
|
45 | 24 |
17 | 2016 World Pencak Silat Championships | Bali, Indonesia | 40 | 24 |
18 | 2018 World Pencak Silat Championships | Singapore | 40 | 24 |
19 | 2022 World Pencak Silat Championships | Malacca, Malaysia | 22 | 32 |
All-medal table
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Indonesia (INA) | 71 | 30 | 32 | 133 |
2 | Vietnam (VIE) | 40 | 27 | 18 | 85 |
3 | Malaysia (MAS) | 19 | 15 | 25 | 59 |
4 | Thailand (THA) | 15 | 11 | 16 | 42 |
5 | Singapore (SIN) | 14 | 10 | 22 | 46 |
6 | Netherlands (NED) | 2 | 1 | 7 | 10 |
7 | Austria (AUT) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
8 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
9 | Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
10 | Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
11 | Laos (LAO) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
12 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
13 | Azerbaijan (AZE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
14 | India (IND) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
15 | Algeria (ALG) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
16 | Brunei (BRU) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
Iran (IRI) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
Russia (RUS) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
Suriname (SUR) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
21 | Egypt (EGY) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Kyrgyzstan (KGZ) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (23 entries) | 164 | 102 | 148 | 414 |
2018 medal table
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Singapore (SGP) | 7 | 6 | 7 | 20 |
2 | Vietnam (VIE) | 6 | 3 | 4 | 13 |
3 | Indonesia (INA) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 |
4 | Malaysia (MAS) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
5 | Thailand (THA) | 2 | 5 | 4 | 11 |
6 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
7 | Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
8 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
9 | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
10 | India (IND) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
11 | Algeria (ALG) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Laos (LAO) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
13 | Brunei (BRU) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Egypt (EGY) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (15 entries) | 24 | 24 | 42 | 90 |
2016 medal table
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Indonesia (INA) | 12 | 4 | 4 | 20 |
2 | Vietnam (VIE) | 5 | 7 | 6 | 18 |
3 | Malaysia (MAS) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
4 | Singapore (SGP) | 2 | 1 | 8 | 11 |
5 | Suriname (SUR) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
6 | Thailand (THA) | 1 | 5 | 6 | 12 |
7 | Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
8 | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
9 | Azerbaijan (AZE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Laos (LAO) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
12 | Iran (IRI) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Russia (RUS) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
14 | Algeria (ALG) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
United States (USA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (17 entries) | 26 | 24 | 39 | 89 |
2015 medal table
The seven-day event attracted 450 fighters from 40 nations and territories, competing in 24 weight categories in both the combat and performance events (18 combat event and 6 performance event).
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Indonesia (INA) | 9 | 7 | 3 | 19 |
2 | Vietnam (VIE) | 7 | 7 | 5 | 19 |
3 | Thailand (THA) | 4 | 1 | 6 | 11 |
4 | Malaysia (MAS) | 3 | 4 | 13 | 20 |
5 | Singapore (SIN) | 1 | 3 | 7 | 11 |
6 | Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
7 | Brunei (BRU) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Totals (7 entries) | 24 | 23 | 36 | 83 |
Asian Pencak Silat Championships
Edition | Year | Host | Nations | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2011 Asian Pencak Silat Championships | Singapore, Singapore | 7 | |
2 | 2016 Asian Pencak Silat Championships | Singapore, Singapore | 6 | 23 |
3 | 2017 Asian Pencak Silat Championships | Chungju, South Korea | 7 | |
4 | 2018 Asian Pencak Silat Championships | Srinagar, India | 10 | |
5 | 2019 Asian Pencak Silat Championship | Yanji, China | 9 | |
6 | 2022 Asian Pencak Silat Championship | Srinagar, India | 11 | 32 |
7 | 2023 Asian Pencak SIlat Championship[38] | Al Nasr, Dubai | 15 | 32 |
2011 medal table
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Vietnam (VIE) | 11 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
2 | Singapore (SIN) | 5 | 3 | 10 | 18 |
3 | Indonesia (INA) | 5 | 3 | 4 | 12 |
4 | Malaysia (MAS) | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
5 | Thailand (THA) | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 |
6 | Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
7 | Brunei (BRU) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
Totals (7 entries) | 23 | 17 | 33 | 73 |
2016 medal table
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Vietnam (VIE) | 13 | 6 | 4 | 23 |
2 | Singapore (SIN) | 8 | 9 | 6 | 23 |
3 | Thailand (THA) | 2 | 5 | 6 | 13 |
4 | India (IND) | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
5 | Indonesia (INA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
6 | South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
Totals (6 entries) | 23 | 23 | 26 | 72 |
World Sports School Pencak Silat Championship
The 1st World Sports School Pencak Silat Championship 2016 Singapore
2016 medal table
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Singapore (SIN) | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
2 | Azerbaijan (AZE) | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
3 | India (IND) | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
4 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
Totals (4 entries) | 10 | 11 | 3 | 24 |
World 5x5 Silat Championship
The 1st World 5X 5 Extreme Skills Silat Championship 2019 Venue: KL, 11-12 Feb 2019 Host: PESAKA Malaysia. The winners came from Suriname and overall best fighter was Chi-jinn Wong Loi Sing, with a clean sweap of 38 - 21 in favor of Suriname. He took home the gold for his team
The 1st Kids & Junior 5x5 Silat Challenge 2017 Venue: KL, 11-12 Mar 2017 Host: PESAKA Malaysia Was taken by Sinada Humidha from Indonesia.
South East Asian Pencak Silat Championship
5th was held in 2015.
Other
The 5th ASIAN Beach Games Venue: Da Nang, 24 Sep - 4 Oct 2016 Host: VPSF Vietnam
The 6th TAFISA International Festival Pencak Silat Venue: Jakarta, 7–8 October 2016 Host: IPSI Indonesia
Image gallery
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Pencak Silat of Sumatra (c. 1915)
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Pencak Silat at Fort van der Capellen (c. 1915)
-
Martial arts at east cost of Sumatra (c. 1930)
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Martial arts at east cost of Sumatra (c. 1930)
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Pencak Silat sword dancing (1939)
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Pencak Silat sword dancing (1939)
See also
- List of Indonesian inventions and discoveries
- Silat
- Indonesian martial arts
- Silat Harimau
- Silat Melayu
- Bakti Negara
- Cingkrik
- Bokator
- Sikaran
- Escrima
- Muay Thai
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8048-1716-5.
- ^ "Pencak Silat".
- ^ "Hari Pencak Silat Indonesia". ilmusetiahati.com. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ Black Belt Magazine. Archived from the originalon 14 September 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ "Pencak Silat recognized by OCA". ocasia.org. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
- ^ "PERSILAT was founded on March 11, 1980". berolahraga.net. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
- ^ Douglas, Ian. "The Politics of Inner Power:The Practice of Pencak Silat in West Java" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-21. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
- ^ "Pencak Silat | Asian Games 2018 Jakarta Palembang". Asian Games 2018 Jakarta Palembang. Archived from the original on September 2, 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
- ^ "'Pencak silat' given UNESCO intangible world heritage distinction". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ ISBN 9781598842432.
- ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2.
- ^ Green 2010, p. 324: "Regional appellations are used in the island of Java, for example, penca by the Sundanese (West Java), and pencak by Javanese (Central and Eastern Java)."
- ^ Alexander, Howard; Chambers, Quintin; Draeger, Donn F. (1979). Pentjak Silat: The Indonesian Fighting Art. Tokyo, Japan : Kodansha International Ltd.
- ISBN 1-55643-562-2.
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- ^ Thesis: Seni Silat Melayu by Abd Rahman Ismail (USM 2005 matter 188)
- ^ Djamal, Mid. Filsafat dan Silsilah Aliran-Aliran Silat Minangkabau. Penerbit CV. Tropic - Bukittinggi.1986
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- ^ "Merpati Putih" (in Indonesian). PPS Betako Merpati Putih, Pewaris - Pengurus Pusat. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-19-538541-0.
- ^ Ilmu Setia Hati (14 September 2020). "Paradigma Ajaran Setia Hati". ilmusetiahati.com. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ "Cimande". Cimande France. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ^ Nathalie Abigail Budiman (1 August 2015). "Betawi pencak silat adapts to modern times". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
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- ^ a b "Pencak Silat Punch and Blocking Techniques". Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ^ "International Pencak Silat Competition Regulations". PERSILAT. 2004. Archived from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
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- ^ "7th ASIAN Pencak Silat Championship 2023 To Happen In Dubai". 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
Further reading
- Quintin Chambers and ISBN 0-87011-353-4.
- Sean Stark (2007). Pencak Silat Pertempuran: Vol. 1. Stark Publishing. ISBN 978-0-615-13968-5.
- Sean Stark (2007). Pencak Silat Pertempuran: Vol. 2. Stark Publishing. ISBN 978-0-615-13784-1.
- O'ong Maryono (2002). Pencak Silat in the Indonesian Archipelago. ISBN 9799341604.
- Suwanda, Herman (2006). Pencak Silat Through my eyes. Los Angeles: Empire Books. p. 97. ISBN 9781933901039.
- Mason, P.H. (2012) "A Barometer of Modernity: Village performances in the highlands of West Sumatra," ACCESS: Critical Perspectives on Communication, Cultural & Policy Studies, 31(2), 79–90.
External links
- International Pencak Silat Federation/ Pentjak Silat USA SouthEast Asian Global Martial Arts
- Official website of IPSF/PERSILAT, the Pencak Silat World Federation