Lulism
Lulism Lulismo | |
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| Political position | Left-wing[19][20][21][22] |
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| Progressivism |
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Lulism (
Brazilian manufacturers, banks and retailers benefited from the consumption-led and credit-fueled government economic model.[26] According to André Singer, who coined the term: "The convergence of interests of the private industry sector on one side, and of the organized labor force on the other, led to the stability that allowed this political system to take the form of a sort of consensus".[27] This equilibrium allowed the government to gradually make significant changes in policy. In the Lulism movement, non-confrontation is a sine qua non for development. It is part of the Latin American leftist wave known as Socialism of the 21st century.[28]
Evolution
The word Lulism was coined by André Singer, a political scientist and Lula's press secretary from 2003 to 2005 and spokesperson during his presidency from 2002 to 2007.[24][29][30][31] Originating in the 2002 presidential campaign, Lulism departed from the left-wing politics of the Workers Party until late 2001[23] and abandoned the concepts of organization and mobilization. Since Lulism is a model of enforced change within order, mobilization is unnecessary and conflict is eliminated.[30]
A 2009 article written for the
Lulism sought reconciliation between Lula and the large Brazilian conservative sector.[30][35] Ironically,[36] it is a conservative social pact combining the economic policy of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2003) with the distributive policies of Lula's government (2002–2010).[29]
Under the auspices of conciliation,
Another feature distinguishing Lulism as a political movement is its nonpartisan character. It overlaps the political parties, including the Workers Party founded by Lula.[38] Although the movement was anchored in Lula's charisma, Lulism differs from other movements surrounding political leaders (such as Peronism in Argentina) in its lack of a cult of personality around the former Brazilian President.[citation needed]
With later events in Brazilian politics, such as the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, the arrest of Lula on 7 April 2018 and President Michel Temer's reform of labour laws,[39] some political commentators are arguing for a second phase of Lulism, now more radical and more left orientated.[40]
Legacy
Several Latin American politicians such as Ollanta Humala, José Mujica, Mauricio Funes, and Fernando Lugo have cited Lulism and Chavism as political models and alternatives to the Washington Consensus.[41]
See also
- Faz o L
- Free Lula movement
- Liberalism in Brazil
- History of the socialist movement in Brazil
- BRICS
- Chavismo
- Kirchnerism
- Bolsonarism
References
- ^ Samuels, D. (2004). From Socialism to Social Democracy: Party Organization and the Transformation of the Workers’ Party in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies, 37(9), 999–1024. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004268856
- ^ "Is Social Democracy Possible in Latin America?". Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ ISBN 9781137538635.
In this manner, while the social liberalism of Lulismo favored the agenda of the local actors advancing sustainability and CSR projects in Brazil, and further tilted the discursive field in favor of the transnational sustainability ...
- ^ Outlook India. 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
Lula presented the liberal vision for Brazil.
- ^ Francisco Luiz Corsi; José Marangoni Camargo; Agnaldo dos Santos; Rosângela de Lima Vieira, eds. (2014). Economia e Sociedade: o Brasil e a América Latina na conjuntura de crise do capitalismo global. Editora Oficina Universitária.
- ISBN 9781498526678.
- ISBN 9780292774544.
Later, as the military regime waned, he was one of the national founders of the Workers' Party (PT), personally allying with the urban union leader, now president of Brazil, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. He, Lula, and the PT in turn allied themselves with the cause of democratic socialism around the world.
- ^ "Lula's Political Economy: Crisis and Continuity". NACLA. 2023-08-12.
- ISBN 9780415289559.
Lula da Silva set out to show that contemporary 'liberal socialism' can work with the market and capitalism for the benefit of all the people, while promoting public serviccs.
- ^ "Lula's Political Economy: Crisis and Continuity". NACLA. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ "Brazil: Lula promises 'zero deforestation' following election victory". euronews. 2022-10-31. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ "Lula victory spurs hope for Amazon, fight against climate crisis". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ Reid, Jenni (2022-10-31). "Lula's victory in Brazil sparks optimism on deforestation, with ramifications for the world". CNBC. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ Oliveira, André de (28 January 2018). "Lincoln Secco: "TRF-4 pode ter criado um lulismo mais radical, sem Lula e sem o PT, como é o peronismo"". El País (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ Schreiber, Leon Amos (2011). The third way in Brazil? Lula's presidency examined (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ISBN 9781317577645.
Lula da Silva's form of economic liberalism can be classified as "socialist neoliberalism." This means that one uses the wealth generated by the market to finance social programs to lift people out of poverty.
- ]
- ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Lula's Plan: A Global Battle Against Trumpism". POLITICO. 2023-04-13. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Brazil Election: Left-Wing Lula Narrowly Beats Bolsonaro To Return To Presidency". Forbes.
- ^ "An historic third term for the left-wing leader Lula". France 24. 2 January 2023.
- ^ .
- ^ a b "Brazil: Is 'Lulism' over?". Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal. 23 June 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Richard Sandbrook, ed. (2014). Reinventing the Left in the Global South: The Politics of the Possible. Cambridge University Press. p. 155.
... President Luiz Inácio (Lula) de Silva during his first term (2003–6) followed social-liberal policies ...
- ^ Casanova & Kassum 2014, p. 32.
- ^ "BNCC's Mission". Brazilian-Norwegian Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
- ^ "Lula +10: results and evolution of "Lulism"". Brazilian-Norwegian Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ a b Werneck, Paulo (19 August 2012). "Cientista político André Singer explica sua tese sobre o lulismo". Folha de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ^ a b c Galhardo, Ricardo (30 September 2012). "André Singer: 'O lulismo não é um monopólio do PT'". Último Segundo. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ^ "Lula + 10: Achievements, directions and challenges of the social transformations in Brazil". NorLARNet. 11 April 2013. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Allan, Ricardo (3 June 2009). "Conversa com Patrícia" (in Portuguese). Instituto Millenium. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- ^ "Guidelines for soy don't protect tropical forests in Brazil". Futurity. 2 November 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
Voters chose between the conservative Jair Bolsonaro and the liberal Lula da Silva.
- ISBN 9781351888912.
Perhaps the dimension which is more properly liberal has been the configuration of the Brazilian state, put forward by Lula Da Silva, that is concerned with the fight against hunger.
- ^ Gindre, Gustavo (28 June 2013). "Gustavo Gindre: Dilma e o esgotamento do lulismo" (in Portuguese). Viomundo. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ^ a b Becker, Fernanda; David, Anthony (3 January 2013). "Os impasses do "lulismo"" (in Portuguese). Brasil de Fato. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ^ .
- ^ Duarte, Rachel (7 October 2010). "Em 30 anos de PT, Lula se tornou maior do que o partido" (in Portuguese). Sul 21. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ "L13467" (in Portuguese). 4 July 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ^ Oliveira, André de (28 January 2018). "Lincoln Secco: "TRF-4 pode ter criado um lulismo mais radical, sem Lula e sem o PT, como é o peronismo"". El País (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Lulismo seduz América Latina mas é difícil de copiar". O Globo (in Portuguese). 23 June 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
References
- Casanova, Lourdes; Kassum, Julian (4 June 2014). The Political Economy of an Emerging Global Power: In Search of the Brazil Dream. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-35236-1. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- Ricci, Rudá (1 January 2010). Lulismo: da era dos movimentos sociais à ascensão da nova classe média brasileira : de como o discurso anti-institucionalista dos anos 80 deu lugar ao líder da conclusão da modernização conservadora em nosso país. Fundação Astrojildo Pereira. ISBN 978-85-89216-28-9. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- Singer, André (30 August 2012). Os sentidos do lulismo. Companhia das Letras. ISBN 978-85-8086-358-1. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
