Maccabiah Games
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The Maccabiah Games (a.k.a. the World Maccabiah Games;
Games
Originally, the Maccabiah was held every three years. Since the 1953 Maccabiah Games, the event has generally been held every four years, in the year following the Olympic Games.
The Maccabiah Games are open to Jewish athletes from around the world, as well as to all Israeli athletes regardless of ethnicity or religion; Arab Israelis have also competed in it.[3][14]
Competitions at the Maccabiah are organized into four divisions:[2][15] 1) Open (Seniors); 2) Juniors; 3) Masters; and 4) Disabled. The Games are organized by the Maccabi World Union.
Etymology
The name Maccabiah was chosen after
History
The Maccabiah Games were the result of a proposal put forward by
The
The Maccabiah Games were intended to take place at an interval of three years. Following the success of the first Games, the
Starting from the
Approximately 10,000 athletes, from 80 countries, were expected to compete in 42 sports categories in the
Editions of World Maccabiah
The following is an overview of the Games:
Summer Maccabiah
Edition | Year | Date | main venue | Countries participating |
Athletes participating |
Number of Sports |
Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1932 | 28 Mar–6 Apr | Maccabiah Stadium | 27 | 390 | 16 | [25] |
2 | 1935 | 2–10 Apr | 28 | 1,250 | 18 | [26] | |
3 | 1950 | 28 Sept–11 Oct | Ramat Gan Stadium | 20 | 800 | 17 | [27] |
4 | 1953 | 22–29 Sept | 22 | 892 | 19 | [28] | |
5 | 1957 | 15–24 Sept | 20 | 980 | 19 | [29] | |
6 | 1961 | 29 Aug–5 Sept | 27 | 1,000 | 20 | [30] | |
7 | 1965 | 23–31 Aug | 27 | 1,200 | 22 | [31] | |
8 | 1969 | 28 July–7 Aug | 27 | 1,450 | 22 | [32] | |
9 | 1973 | 9–19 July | 26 | 1,500 | 23 | [33] | |
10 | 1977 | 12–21 July | 34 | 2,700 | 26 | [34] | |
11 | 1981 | 6–16 July | 34 | 3,450 | 30 | [35] | |
12 | 1985 | 15–25 July | 37 | 3,700 | 28 | [36] | |
13 | 1989 | 3–13 July | 45 | 4,400 | 32 | [37] | |
14 | 1993 | 5–15 July | 48 | 5,100 | [38] | ||
15 | 1997 | 14–24 July | 33 | 5,500 | 34 | [39] | |
16 | 2001 | 16–23 July | Teddy Stadium | 49 | 2,200 | [40] | |
17 | 2005 | 11–23 July | Ramat Gan Stadium | 55 | 7,300 | [41] | |
18 | 2009 | 13–23 July | 55 | 7,510 | 33 | [42] | |
19 | 2013 | 18–30 July | Teddy Stadium | 77 | 7,500 | 34 | [43] |
20 | 2017 | 4–17 July | 85 | 10,000 | 45 | [44] | |
21 | 2022 | 12–26 July | 80 | 10,000 | 47 | [45] |
Winter Maccabiah
Prior to World War II there was an attempt to organize a winter Maccabiah. Due to the relatively warm temperatures in Palestine, the winter Maccabiot were organized in European nations. The
A second attempt at the winter games was relatively more successful. The
Number | Year | Host | Athletes | Nations |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1933 | Zakopane, Poland | 250 | 8 |
2 | 1936 | Banská Bystrica, Czechoslovakia | 2.000 | 12 |
Regional Maccabiah
European Maccabiah
List:[50]
Number | Year | Dates | Hosts | Athletes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 1929 | Prague, Czechoslovakia | ||
2. | 1930 | Antwerpen, Belgium |
||
3. | 1959 | Kopenhagen, Denmark |
||
4. | 1963 | Lyon, France | ||
5. | 1979 | Leicester, United Kingdom | ||
6. | 1983 | Antwerpen, Belgium |
||
7. | 1987 | Kopenhagen, Denmark |
||
8. | 1991 | Marseille, France | ||
9. | 1995 | Amsterdam, Netherlands | ||
10. | 1999 | Stirling, United Kingdom | ||
11. | 2003 | Antwerpen, Belgium |
||
12. | 2007 | Rome, Italy | 1800[51] | |
13. | 2011 | Vienna, Austria | 2000[52] | |
14. | 2015 | 27 July – 5 August | Berlin, Germany | c. 2050[53] |
15. | 2019 | 29 July – 7 August | Budapest, Hungary | 3000[54] |
16. | 2023 |
Pan American Maccabi Games
Latin American Maccabi's (CLAM), called Jorge Newbery Pan American Maccabi Games or Pan American Maccabiah from 1966:[55][56]
Number | Year | Host |
---|---|---|
1. | 1966 | São Paulo, Brazil |
2. | ||
3. | ||
4. | 1979 | Mexico City, Mexico |
5. | 1983 | Brazil |
6. | 1987 | Caracas, Venezuela |
7. | 1991 | Uruguay |
8. | 1995 | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
9. | 1999 | |
10. | 2003 | Santiago de Chile, Chile
|
11. | 2007 | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
12. | 2011 | São Paulo, Brazil |
13. | 2015 | Chile |
14. | 2019 | Mexico City, Mexico[57] |
15. | 2023 | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
Oceania Maccabiah (Junior Carnival)
The Maccabi Junior Carnivals are a sporting event held for the Jewish youth of Australia or New Zealand. It has been held annually since 1982, usually in January.[58]
Venues were:[59]
- Sydney 1982
- Perth 1983
- Melbourne 1984
- Sydney 1986
- Brisbane 1987
- Adelaide 1988
- Sydney 1989
- Perth 1990
- Melbourne 1991
- Sydney 1992
- Perth 1993
- Melbourne 1994
- Sydney 1995
- Melbourne 1996
- Perth 1997
- Sydney 1998
- Melbourne 1999
- Perth 2000
- Sydney 2001
- Melbourne 2002
- Perth 2003
- Auckland 2004
- Sydney 2005
- Perth 2006
- Melbourne 2007
- Auckland 2008
- Sydney 2009
- Perth 2010
- Melbourne 2011
- Brisbane 2012
- Sydney 2013
- Perth 2014
- Melbourne 2015
- Sydney 2016
- Sydney 2017
- Melbourne 2018
- Sydney 2019
Ceremonies
The Maccabiah ceremonies are two ceremonial events that take place during the first and last days of the
The Maccabiah opening ceremony, which is organized by the Maccabi World Union, has recently been presented in English, Hebrew, and Spanish.
Opening
The opening ceremonies represent the official commencement of the Maccabiah. Some sports however, such as golf and rugby, might start prior to the opening ceremonies in order to finish on time.
The opening ceremony for the first Games was held at the new
.The ceremonies often start with the introduction of the active participants of the
Parade of Nations
Just like at the Olympics, the Maccabiah starts out with a "Parade of Nations", during which most participating athletes march into the stadium, country by country. The countries enter the stadium in accordance with the Hebrew alphabet. The parade of nations, in contrast to some other games, include junior and disabled athletes who also partake in the competitions. In accordance with the Maccabiah's tradition, the Israeli delegation always enters last.
Closing
The closing ceremony of the Maccabiah Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded. Typically, a member of Maccabi or some other well-known figure makes the closing speech and the Games officially close. The ceremony includes large artistic displays of music, singing, and dance. Various Jewish singers perform during the closing ceremony. In recent years, the closing ceremonies included popular musicians and live music and dancing.
Medal presentation
A medal ceremony is held after each Maccabiah event is concluded. The winner, second, and third-place competitors or teams stand on top of a three-tiered rostrum to be awarded their respective medals. Medals are awarded by an official Maccabi member.
Ceremony hosts
Year | Hosts (s) |
---|---|
1981 | Azaria Rapoport (Closing) |
2005 | Becky Griffin and Rodrigo Gonzales |
2009 | Galit Giat and Michael HarPaz |
2013 | Miri Nevo and Dana Grotsky |
2017 |
|
2022 |
|
Sports
The Maccabiah Games recognize all 28 current Olympic sports, plus a number of other sports such as chess, cricket, and netball. In contrast with the Olympic Games and other major international sporting events, the Maccabiah rules regarding accepting new sports are very lenient. New sports are accepted to the Maccabiah Games provided that competitions will only take place if at least four delegations bring competitors for that sport (three in the case of female sports, as well as the junior divisions).[61] As a result, the Maccabiah has held various unique competitions such as duplicate bridge.
Karate, not yet on the Olympic schedule, made its debut in 1977 at the 10th Maccabiah Games. The requisite number of initial countries signed on and agreed to send delegations. Since 1977, karate has participated uninterrupted. Although at the beginning karate was only contested in the fighting or kumite category, forms or kata was included in 1981. In 1985, women's karate was added. Junior and youth categories made their debut in 2009. The World Karate Federation, a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), oversees and supervises the rules of karate competition at the Maccabiah.
The Maccabiah Games are organized into four divisions: Open, Junior, Masters, and Paralympics.
- Open – The Open games are generally unlimited in age, and are intended for the best athletes from each delegation, bound by the governing international rules in each sport.
- Junior – The Junior Maccabiah games are open to any qualifying athlete aged 15–18.
- Masters – The Masters games are for older competitors; they are divided into a number of different age categories.
- Paralympic – The Paralympic games are generally open to all athletes with a range of physical and intellectual disabilities. Past games included Wheelchair Basketball.
In recent Maccabiot there has been a renewed interest in introducing new sports to the Maccabiah. In the
Champions and medalists
Notable participants
Athletes who have competed in the Maccabiah Games include many Olympic gold medalists, world champions, and world record holders. Among them have been
Participating nations
The Maccabiah Games have grown into one of the world's largest sporting events, with 85 participating countries in the current edition of the Maccabiah. Below is a list of countries that participated in the most recent games in 2017. Scroll down for participating nations from the 2014 edition and other games[66]
- Albania
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Barbados
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Canada
- Cayman Islands
- Chile
- China
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Curacao
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Dominican Republic
- El Salvador
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Gibraltar
- Great Britain
- Greece
- Honduras
- Hong Kong
- Hungary
- India
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Macedonia
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Morocco
- Netherlands
- Nicaragua
- Norway
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Puerto Rico
- Russia
- Scotland
- Serbia
- Singapore
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Spain
- Suriname
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Taiwan
- Thailand
- Turkey
- Ukraine
- United States
- Uruguay
- Uzbekistan
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
Early games featured many delegations from the
- Armenia
- Aruba
- Bahamas
- Bermuda
- Bosnia & Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Republic of the Congo
- Colombia
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- Estonia
- Ethiopia
- Grenada
- Guam
- Guatemala
- Guinea-Bissau
- Iran
- Kenya
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Mauritius
- Monaco
- Mongolia
- New Zealand
- Palau
- Romania
- Samoa
- Syria
- U.S. Virgin Islands
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
Former entity:
See also
- Islamic Solidarity Games
- Maccabi Australia
- Sport in Israel
- European Maccabi Games 2015
- Muscular Judaism
- Judenklub
- Makkabiade
References
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- ^ a b Nauright, p. 364.
- ^ a b Goldman, Ilan (July 8, 2013). "Arab athletes at the Maccabiah: Going for gold, seeking recognition". Haaretz. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
- ^ "Levine inducted into Jewish sports hall as Maccabiah athletes feted at JC," Archived July 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Ottawa Sun.
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- Ynet News. Archivedfrom the original on February 25, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
- ^ The Huffington Post. Archivedfrom the original on October 25, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
- ^ "Amar'e Stoudemire to Revisit Israel as a Maccabi Coach," Archived December 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ "Records Fall Before Maccabiah Games Even Begin; U.S. squad is largest ever in what officials say is 'a life-changing experience'," Archived July 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Jewish Week.
- ^ "Maccabiah Games Welcome 9,000 Athletes – Christian News 24–7 – CBN.com". cbn.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
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- ^ a b c d Bard and Schwartz, p. 84.
- ^ "History of the Maccabiah Games". Maccabi Australia. Archived from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
- ^ Porat, Avinoam (June 11, 2005). "Arab Israeli wins Maccabiah gold". Ynet. Archived from the original on February 25, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
- ^ "Leah Levey Set to Compete at Maccabiah Games in Israel Next Month". Case Western Reserve University. June 21, 2013. Archived from the original on February 16, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
- ^ "Spirit of Judah Maccabee strides into the present day". CNN. December 24, 1997. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
- ^ a b Mendelsohn p. 31.
- ^ Nauright, p. 365.
- ^ Nauright, p. 366.
- ^ a b Bard and Schwartz, p. 85.
- ^ Sinai, Allon (July 18, 2013). "The opening ceremony of 19th Maccabiah Games 2013". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- ^ "Israel prepares for Maccabiah, 2022's largest world sporting event". The Jerusalem Post. July 9, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
- ^ "Israel prepares for Maccabiah, 2022's largest world sporting event". The Jerusalem Post. July 9, 2022.
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- ^ "Second Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
- ^ "Third Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
- ^ "Fourth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21. September 20, 1953.
- ^ "Fifth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
- ^ "Sixth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
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- ^ "Twelfth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
- ^ "Thirteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21. September 6, 2009.
- ^ "Fourteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
- ^ "Fifteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21. September 7, 2009.
- ^ "Sixteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
- ^ "Seventeenth Maccabiah", Maccabiah 21
- ^ "Eighteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
- ^ "Nineteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
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- ^ "Maccabiah 21". Maccabiah.
- ^ a b Mendelsohn p. 26.
- ^ a b Hanak. p. 1.
- ^ Hanak. p. 2.
- ^ Unknown (February 21, 1936). "Austria Wins Skiing Event in Winter Maccabiah". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
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- ^ Archivierte Kopie at the Wayback Machine (archived 2014-03-22) www.makkabi.com, retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ Archivierte Kopie at the Wayback Machine (archived 2013-12-31)
- ^ "EMG2015 Berlin".
- ^ "European Maccabi Games".
- ^ Pan American Maccabi Games Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ Mainline Media News Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ "Home - Maccabi Pan Ams - revolutioniseSPORT".
- ^ Maccabi Games index[dead link]
- ^ Junior Carnival History[dead link]
- ^ "Watch the Maccabiah Opening Ceremonies". July 18, 2013. The Jewish Exponent. Archived from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
- ^ 17th Maccabiah Basic Regulations Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "FEI Grants Approval for Horse Sports at Maccabiah Games". Dressage News. March 2, 2013. Archived from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
- Wisden. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
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Works cited
- ISBN 978-0195382914.
- Simri, Uriel (July 1981). Physical education and sport in the Jewish history and culture : proceedings of an international seminar. Netanya, Israel: Conference publication. OL 3206919M.
- Hanak, Arthur. The Maccabi—Maccabiah Winter Games in 1933 and 1936.
- Nauright, John (April 6, 2012). John Nauright, Charles Parrish (ed.). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice (illustrated ed.). OCLC 814221941.
- Mitchell Geoffrey Bard; Moshe Schwartz (2005). One Thousand and One Facts Everyone Should Know about Israel. OCLC 60188587.
External links
- Official website
- TV report on the Maccabiah Games in Vienna (in German)
- European Maccabi Games 2015 Official Website
- Summaries of each of the games at Jewish Sports
- Jewish swimmer to skip world championship for Maccabiah
- The Maccabiyah Games – a sportive best regards from the fifties, Exhibition in the IDF&defense establishment archives
- Jacob Gurvis (July 22, 2022). "How the Maccabiah Games supported a Jewish family in the face of tragedy," The Jerusalem Post