Template:Transclude excerpts as random slideshow/testcases/Portal:Reptiles
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Inroduction
amniotic development. Living reptiles comprise four orders: Testudines (turtles), Crocodilia (crocodilians), Squamata (lizards and snakes), and Rhynchocephalia (the tuatara). As of May 2023, about 12,000 living species of reptiles are listed in the Reptile Database. The study of the traditional reptile orders, customarily in combination with the study of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.
Reptiles have been subject to several conflicting
Dinosauria are more closely related to living crocodilians than to other reptiles, and are thus nested among reptiles from an evolutionary perspective. Many cladistic systems therefore redefine Reptilia as a clade (monophyletic group) including birds, though the precise definition of this clade varies between authors. Others prioritize the clade Sauropsida, which typically refers to all amniotes more closely related to modern reptiles than to mammals
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The earliest known proto-reptiles originated around 312 million years ago during the
dinosaurs alongside many species of crocodyliforms, and squamates (e.g., mosasaurs). Modern non-bird reptiles inhabit all the continents except Antarctica. (Full article...
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Reptile types
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The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) is a species of reptile endemic to New Zealand. Despite its close resemblance to lizards, it is part of a distinct lineage, the order Rhynchocephalia. The name tuatara is derived from the Māori language and means "peaks on the back".
The single extant species of tuatara is the only surviving member of its order, which was highly diverse during the Mesozoic era. Rhynchocephalians first appeared in the fossil record during the Triassic, around 240 million years ago, and reached worldwide distribution and peak diversity during the Jurassic, when they represented the worlds dominant group of small reptiles. Rhynchocephalians underwent a great decline during the Cretaceous with their youngest records outside New Zealand dating to the Paleocene. Their closest living relatives are squamates (lizards and snakes). Tuatara are of interest for studying the evolution of reptiles.
Tuatara are greenish brown and grey, and measure up to 80 cm (31 in) from head to tail-tip and weigh up to 1.3 kg (2.9 lb) with a spiny crest along the back, especially pronounced in males. They have two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlapping one row on the lower jaw, which is unique among living species. They are able to hear, although no external ear is present, and have unique features in their skeleton. (Full article...)Image 6Image 7Image 8Image 9Image 10Selected Crocodilia articles
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The West African crocodile, desert crocodile, or sacred crocodile (Crocodylus suchus) is a species of crocodile related to — and often confused with — the larger and more aggressive Nile crocodile (C. niloticus). (Full article...)Image 6Image 7Image 8Image 9
The freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni), also known as the Australian freshwater crocodile, Johnstone's crocodile or the freshie, is a species of crocodile endemic to the northern regions of Australia. Unlike their much larger Australian relative, the saltwater crocodile, freshwater crocodiles are not known as man-eaters, although they bite in self-defence, and brief, nonfatal attacks have occurred, apparently the result of mistaken identity. (Full article...)Image 10
The yacare caiman (Caiman yacare), also known commonly as the jacare caiman, Paraguayan caiman, piranha caiman, red caiman, and southern spectacled caiman, is a species of caiman, a crocodilian in the family Alligatoridae. The species is endemic to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Brown in color and covered with dark blotches, males grow to a total length (including tail) of 2–3 m (6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in) and weigh around 40–50 kg (88–110 lb); while females grow to 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) long and about 15–20 kg (33–44 lb). Typical habitats of this caiman include lakes, rivers, and wetlands. Its diet primarily consists of aquatic animals, such as snails, and occasionally land vertebrates. Mating occurs in the rainy season and eggs hatch in March, with young fending for themselves as soon as they hatch. The yacare caiman was hunted heavily for its skin to use for leather in the 1980s, which caused its population to decrease significantly. However, trading restrictions placed since have caused its population to increase. Its population in the Pantanal is about 10 million, and it is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. (Full article...)Image 11Image 12Image 13Image 14Image 15Image 16Image 17Image 18Image 19Image 20Selected lizard articles
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The Knysna dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion damaranum) is a species of dwarf chameleon in the Bradypodion ("slow footed") genus that is endemic to South Africa. It is a forest dweller, found only in a limited range in the afromontane forests near Knysna, South Africa, and in certain surrounding areas. (Full article...) -
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Rhacodactylus leachianus, commonly known as the New Caledonian giant gecko, Leach's giant gecko, leachianus gecko, or simply Leachie, is the largest living species of gecko and a member of the family Diplodactylidae. It is native to most of New Caledonia. (Full article...) -
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The Alfa Romeo Iguana is a concept car produced by Alfa Romeo in 1969. It was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign. (Full article...)Image 11Image 12Image 13
The Namaqua dwarf chameleon or the western dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion occidentale) occurs in beach vegetation, along the west coast of South Africa and Namibia. (Full article...)Image 14
The desert monitor (Varanus griseus) is a species of monitor lizard of the order Squamata found living throughout North Africa and Central and South Asia. The desert monitor is carnivorous, feeding on a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. (Full article...)Image 15Image 16Image 17Image 18
Pachydactylus is a genus of insectivorous geckos, lizards in the family Gekkonidae. The genus is endemic to Africa, and member species are commonly known as thick-toed geckos. The genus also displays rich speciation, having 58 distinct species identified when compared to other closely related gecko genera like Rhoptropus, most of which have emerged since 35Ma. It has been suggested that the reason for this rich speciation not from adaptive radiation nor nonadaptive radiation, but that the genus represents a clade somewhere between the two drivers of speciation. P. bibronii geckos have been used by NASA as animal models for experimentation. (Full article...)Image 19
Draco timoriensis, also known as the Timor flying dragon, is a species of lizard endemic to the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia and East Timor. (Full article...)Image 20Image 21cryptic species complexes are found. Geckos like to live in and out of houses. They have been introduced to Australia.)
This species is closely related to the genus Gehyra, which belongs to the same family in Gekkonidae.
The species are typically known as house geckos, due to their readiness to adapt to and coexist with humans, and can be easily encountered in human habitations. (Full article...Image 22Image 23
The yellow monitor (Varanus flavescens) or golden monitor is a monitor lizard native to South Asia. (Full article...)Image 24Image 25Selected turtle articles
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The six-tubercled Amazon River turtle or six-tubercled river turtle (Podocnemis sextuberculata) is a species of turtle in the family Podocnemididae.
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The northern spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera spinifera) is a subspecies of soft-shelled turtle in the family Trionychidae. The subspecies is native to the United States and can be found from Montana at the western edge of its range to Vermont and Quebec on the eastern edge. Introduced populations have also been found in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Arizona, and Virginia. (Full article...)Image 6
The Tabasco mud turtle (Kinosternon acutum), commonly known as pochitoque in Tabasco, Mexico, is a small turtle which belongs to the family Kinosternidae. It can be found in central Veracruz, Tabasco, northern Guatemala and Belize. This turtle lives in small streams, marshes and ponds. Its feeding habits are mainly carnivorous and it is a nocturnal animal. Although this turtle doesn't have a wide range it can be common at some sites. In Tabasco this turtle is an important part of its popular culture as well as being an ingredient in Tabasco's gastronomy in spite of its special protected status. (Full article...)Image 7The northern spotted box turtle (Terrapene nelsoni klauberi ), also commonly known as Klauber's box turtle and Klauber's spotted box turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Emydidae. (Full article...)Image 8
Cagle's map turtle (Graptemys caglei) is a species of turtle in the family Emydidae. The species is endemic to Texas, where it is native to the Guadalupe, San Antonio, and San Marcos Rivers. (Full article...)Image 9
The Gulf Coast box turtle (Terrapene carolina major) is the largest subspecies of the common box turtle (Terrapene carolina). (Full article...)Image 10Image 11
The ringed map turtle or ringed sawback (Graptemys oculifera) is a species of turtle in the family Emydidae endemic to the southern United States. (Full article...)Image 12Image 13Thetype specimens. (Full article...)Image 14Pseudemys rubriventris, the Northern red-bellied turtle)- Red-bellied short-necked turtle, a species of turtle in the family Chelidae found in tropical Australia and Papua New Guinea
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The Chinese box turtle (simplified Chinese: 食蛇龟; traditional Chinese: 食蛇龜; pinyin: shíshéguī; lit. 'Snake-eating turtle'), also known as the yellow-margined box turtle, or golden-headed turtle, is a species of Asian box turtle. Taxonomically, it is called Cuora flavomarginata. (Full article...)Image 17The )Image 18Chelydra serpentina, native to eastern North America)- Elseya dentata, native to Australia
(Full article...Image 19Image 20TheCritically Endangered on the IUCN Red List due to its restricted range and the heavy level of exploitation it receives. (Full article...)Image 21
Hoge's sideneck turtle (Ranacephala hogei) is a species of turtle in the family Chelidae. It is the only member of the genus Ranacephala. The species is endemic to the eastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil, primarily in the Carangola River of Minas Gerais and Paraíba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro. The most documented population resides in the midsection of the Carangola River with an estimated population of less than 2000.
The Official Brazilian Red List considers Hoge's sideneck turtle to be the most endangered turtle species within Brazil. It was listed by the Turtle Survival Coalition as one of the world "25 Turtles in Trouble" for 2018. (Full article...)Image 22
The West African mud turtle (Pelusios castaneus), also known as the West African side-necked turtle or swamp terrapin, is a species of turtle in the family Pelomedusidae.
Pelusios castaneus is a freshwater species and is endemic to West and Central Africa. (Full article...)Image 23
The common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is a species of large freshwater turtle in the family Chelydridae. Its natural range extends from southeastern Canada, southwest to the edge of the Rocky Mountains, as far east as Nova Scotia and Florida. The present-day Chelydra serpentina population in the Middle Rio Grande, suggests that common snapping turtle has been present in this drainage since at least the seventeenth century and is likely native. The three species of Chelydra and the larger alligator snapping turtles (genus Macrochelys) are the only extant chelydrids, a family now restricted to the Americas. The common snapping turtle, as its name implies, is the most widespread.
The common snapping turtle is noted for its combative disposition when out of the water with its powerful beak-like jaws, and highly mobile head and neck (hence the specific epithet serpentina, meaning "snake-like"). In water, it is likely to flee and hide underwater in sediment. The common snapping turtle has a life-history strategy characterized by high and variable mortality of embryos and hatchlings, delayed sexual maturity, extended adult longevity, and iteroparity (repeated reproductive events) with low reproductive success per reproductive event.
Females, and presumably also males, in more northern populations mature later (at 15–20 years) and at a larger size than in more southern populations (about 12 years). Lifespan in the wild is poorly known, but long-term mark-recapture data from Algonquin Park in Ontario, Canada, suggest a maximum age over 100 years. (Full article...)Image 24Image 25Selected pictures
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Image 1White-headed dwarf gecko
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Image 2Barracudasauroides
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Image 3Italian wall lizard
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Image 4Thamnophis elegans terrestris at Western terrestrial garter snake
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Image 5Trachylepis maculilabris mating
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Image 6Cerastes cerastes
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Image 7Leiocephalus carinatus
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Image 8Morelia spilota
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Image 9Common collared lizard
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Image 10Indian chameleon
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Image 11Ladder snake
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Image 12Namaqua chameleon
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Image 13Cape skink- Trachylepis capensis. Close-up on purple Aster flowers.
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Image 14Bothriechis schlegelii
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Image 15Asian vine snake Ahaetulla prasina. This snake has a wide distribution in Asia. It feeds on small reptiles and amphibians, particularly lizards and tree frogs. Adults may attain 1.8 m (6 feet) in total length, with a tail 0.6 m (2 feet) long. Its appearance is very much like those of South American vine snakes. It is a rear-fanged species and is mildly venomous but is not considered a threat to humans.
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Image 16Anole atPolychrotinae
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Image 17Vipera dinniki
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Image 18A green sea turtle swimming above a coral reef.
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Image 19Red-headed Amazon River turtles
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Image 20Mexican beaded lizard
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Image 21Mwanza flat-headed rock agama
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Image 23Green sea turtle
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Image 24The plumed basilisk (Basiliscus plumifrons) is a species of lizard native to Latin America. They are omnivorous and will eat insects, small mammals (such as rodents), smaller species of lizards, fruits and flowers.
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Image 25Common box turtle
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Image 26Eastern bearded dragon
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Image 27Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), Hawaiian Islands. Ninety percent of the Hawaiian green turtle population, known locally as honu, breed and nest at French Frigate Shoals, from April to November. Males apparently make the journey every year, while females make it at two to four year intervals. They are the subject of eco-tourism and has become something of a state mascot.
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Image 28Gold dust day gecko
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Image 29Vipera xanthina
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Image 30Marine iguana
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Image 31Species of Ceratopsia dinosaurs
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Image 32Gold dust day gecko close-up
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Image 33Plestiodon fasciatus
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Image 34Namaqua chameleon
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Image 35An Eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) covered in algae, in Victoria, Australia.
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Image 36Green sea turtle
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Image 37Dwarf yellow-headed gecko
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Image 38Aldabra giant tortoise
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Image 39Sicilian wall lizard
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Image 40Sinai agama
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Image 41Steneosaurus
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Image 42Bosc's fringe-toed lizards during courtship
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Image 43Leiocephalus personatus
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Image 44Rough chameleon
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Image 45Carolina anole
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Image 46Australian water dragon
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Image 47Phelsuma grandis
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Image 48Niveoscincus metallicus
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Image 49Yacare caiman
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Image 50A baby marginated tortoise hatchling emerges from its shell.
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Image 51Trachylepis striata
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Image 52Jackson's chameleon
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Image 53Gold dust day gecko
Selected snake articles
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The Equatorial spitting cobra (Naja sumatrana) also called the Malayan spitting cobra, golden spitting cobra, Sumatran spitting cobra, or Palawan spitting cobra, is a species of spitting cobra found in Southeast Asia. (Full article...) -
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Collett's snake (Pseudechis colletti), also commonly known as Collett's black snake, Collett's cobra, or Down's tiger snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to Australia. Collett's snake is capable of delivering a fatal bite and is considered the nineteenth most venomous snake in the world. (Full article...)Image 8
The scarlet kingsnake or scarlet milk snake (Lampropeltis elapsoides) is a species of kingsnake found in the southeastern and eastern portions of the United States. Like all kingsnakes, they are nonvenomous. They are found in pine flatwoods, hydric hammocks, pine savannas, mesic pine-oak forests, prairies, cultivated fields, and a variety of suburban habitats; not unusually, people find scarlet kingsnakes in their swimming pools, especially during the spring. Until recently, and for much of the 20th century, scarlet kingsnakes were considered a subspecies of the milk snake; however, Pyron and Bubrink demonstrated the phylogenetic distinction of this species and its closer relationship to the mountain kingsnakes of the southwestern United States. These largely fossorial snakes are the smallest of all the species within the genus Lampropeltis, usually ranging from 40 to 50 cm (16 to 20 in) at maturity. The maximum recorded length is in Jonesboro, AR 76.2 cm (30.0 in). Hatchlings range in size from 8 to 18 cm (3.1 to 7.1 in). (Full article...)Image 9
The Arabian cobra (Naja arabica) is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. (Full article...)Image 10Image 11Image 12Image 13Image 14Image 15Image 16
The queen snake (Regina septemvittata) is a species of nonvenomous semiaquatic snake, a member of the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to North America. (Full article...)Image 17Image 18Image 19Image 20Image 21Image 22Image 23Image 24Image 25Categories
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