Isotopes of magnesium

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Magnesium-26
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Isotopes of magnesium (12Mg)
Main isotopes[1] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
24Mg 79%
stable
25Mg 10% stable
26Mg 11% stable
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    • proton-unbound
    18
    Mg     with a half-life of 4.0(3.4) zeptoseconds.

    A precise measurement of the neutron-rich 40Mg in 2019 showed the unexpected difference in its nuclear structure, compared to the lighter neighboring isotopes.[4][5]

    The abundances of the naturally occurring isotopes of magnesium.

    List of isotopes

    Nuclide
    		 Z N Isotopic mass (Da)[6]
    [n 1]     		Half-life[1]
    [n 2]
    Decay
    mode[1]
    [n 3]
    		 Daughter
    isotope
    [n 4]
    Spin and
    parity[1]
    [n 5][n 2]
    		 Natural abundance (mole fraction)
    Normal proportion[1] Range of variation
    18
    Mg    [7]     		12 6 4.0(3.4) zs 2p 16
    Ne         		0+
    19
    Mg         		12 7 19.034180(60) 5(3) ps 2p 17
    Ne         		1/2−#
    20
    Mg         		12 8 20.0187631(20) 90.4(5) ms β+ (69.7(1.2)%) 20
    Na         		0+
    β+p (30.3(1.2)%) 19
    Ne
    21
    Mg         		12 9 21.0117058(8) 120.0(4) ms β+ (79.8(2.1)%) 21
    Na         		5/2+
    β+p (20.1(2.1)%) 20
    Ne
    β+α (0.116(18)%) 17
    F
    β+pα (0.016(3)%) 16
    O
    22
    Mg         		12 10 21.99957060(17) 3.8745(7) s β+ 22
    Na         		0+
    23
    Mg         		12 11 22.99412377(3) 11.3039(32) s β+ 23
    Na         		3/2+
    24
    Mg         		12 12 23.985041689(14) Stable 0+ [0.7888, 0.7905]
    25
    Mg         		12 13 24.98583697(5) Stable 5/2+ [0.09988, 0.10034]
    26
    Mg    [n 6]     		12 14 25.98259297(3) Stable 0+ [0.1096, 0.1109]
    27
    Mg         		12 15 26.98434065(5) 9.435(27) min β− 27
    Al         		1/2+
    28
    Mg         		12 16 27.98387543(28) 20.915(9) h β− 28
    Al         		0+
    29
    Mg         		12 17 28.9886072(4) 1.30(12) s β− 29
    Al         		3/2+
    30
    Mg         		12 18 29.9904655(14) 317(4) ms β− (> 99.94%) 30
    Al         		0+
    β−n (< 0.06%) 29
    Al
    31
    Mg         		12 19 30.996648(3) 270(2) ms β− (93.8(1.9)%) 31
    Al         		1/2+
    β−n (6.2(1.9)%) 30
    Al
    32
    Mg         		12 20 31.999110(4) 80.4(4) ms β− (94.5(5)%) 32
    Al         		0+
    β−n (5.5(5)%) 31
    Al
    33
    Mg         		12 21 33.0053279(29) 92.0(1.2) ms β− (86(2)%) 33
    Al         		3/2−
    β−n (14(2)%) 32
    Al
    β−2n ?[n 7] 31
    Al     ?
    34
    Mg         		12 22 34.008935(7) 44.9(4) ms β− (> 78.9(7.0)%) 34
    Al         		0+
    β−n (21(7)%) 33
    Al
    β−2n (< 0.1%) 32
    Al
    35
    Mg         		12 23 35.01679(29) 11.3(6) ms β−n (52(46)%) 34
    Al         		(3/2−, 5/2−)
    β− (48(46)%) 35
    Al
    β−2n ?[n 7] 33
    Al     ?
    36
    Mg         		12 24 36.02188(74) 3.9(1.3) ms β− (52(12)%) 36
    Al         		0+
    β−n (48(12)%) 35
    Al
    β−2n ?[n 7] 34
    Al     ?
    37
    Mg         		12 25 37.03029(75) 8(4) ms β− ?[n 7] 37
    Al     ?     		(3/2−)
    β−n ?[n 7] 36
    Al     ?
    β−2n ?[n 7] 35
    Al     ?
    38
    Mg         		12 26 38.03658(54)# 3.1(4 (
    sys)) ms[8]
    		 β−n (81%) 37
    Al         		0+
    β− (9%) 38
    Al
    β−2n (9%) 36
    Al
    40
    Mg         		12 28 40.05319(54)# 1# ms [> 170 ns] β− ?[n 7] 40
    Al     ?     		0+
    β−n ?[n 7] 39
    Al     ?
    β−2n ?[n 7] 38
    Al     ?
    This table header & footer:
    1. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
    2. ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
    3. ^ Modes of decay:
      n: Neutron emission
      p: Proton emission
    4. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
    5. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
    6. radiodating
      events early in the Solar System's history
    7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.

    External links

    References

    1. ^
      doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
      .
    2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Magnesium". CIAAW. 2011.
    3. ISSN 1365-3075
      .
    4. ^ glennroberts (2019-02-07). "New Measurements of Exotic Magnesium Suggest Surprising Shape-Shift". Berkeley Lab News Center. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
    5. ^ "NP A Change in Structure for a S... | U.S. DOE Office of Science(SC)". science.osti.gov. 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
    6. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf
      .
    7. S2CID 245434485
      .
    8. S2CID 253600995
      .
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