Isotopes of thulium

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Isotopes of thulium (69Tm)
Main isotopes[1] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
167Tm synth 9.25 d ε
167Er
168Tm synth 93.1 d
β+
168Er
169Tm 100%
stable
170Tm synth 128.6 d
β−
170Yb
171Tm synth 1.92 y β−
171Yb
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    • Naturally occurring

    meta states
    , with the most stable being 164mTm (t1/2 5.1 minutes), 160mTm (t1/2 74.5 seconds) and 155mTm (t1/2 45 seconds).

    The known isotopes of thulium range from 144Tm to 183Tm. The primary

    observationally stable
    , meaning that 169Tm is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

    List of isotopes

    Nuclide
    [n 1]     		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)
    [n 2][n 3]     		Half-life
    [n 4]
    Decay
    mode
    [n 5]
    		 Daughter
    isotope
    [n 6]
    Spin and
    parity
    [n 7][n 4]
    		 Natural abundance (mole fraction)
    Excitation energy[n 4] Normal proportion Range of variation
    144Tm[4] 69 75 1.9+1.2
    −0.5     μs         		p 143Er (10+)
    145Tm 69 76 144.97007(43)# 3.1(3) μs p 144Er (11/2−)
    146Tm 69 77 145.96643(43)# 240(30) ms p 145Er (6−)
    β+ (rare) 146Er
    146mTm 71(6) keV 72(23) ms p 145Er (10+)
    β+ (rare) 146Er
    147Tm 69 78 146.96096(32)# 0.58(3) s β+ (85%) 147Er 11/2−
    p (15%) 146Er
    147mTm 60(5) keV 360(40) μs 3/2+
    148Tm 69 79 147.95784(43)# 0.7(2) s β+ 148Er (10+)
    148mTm 0.7 s
    149Tm 69 80 148.95272(32)# 0.9(2) s β+ (99.74%) 149Er (11/2−)
    β+, p (.26%) 148Ho
    150Tm 69 81 149.94996(21)# 3# s β+ 150Er (1+)
    150m1Tm 140(140)# keV 2.20(6) s β+ (98.8%) 150Er (6−)
    β+, p (1.2%) 149Ho
    150m2Tm 810(140)# keV 5.2(3) ms (10+)
    151Tm 69 82 150.945483(22) 4.17(10) s β+ 151Er (11/2−)
    151m1Tm 92(7) keV 6.6(14) s β+ 151Er (1/2+)
    151m2Tm 2655.67(22) keV 451(24) ns (27/2−)
    152Tm 69 83 151.94442(8) 8.0(10) s β+ 152Er (2#)−
    152m1Tm 100(80)# keV 5.2(6) s β+ 152Er (9)+
    152m2Tm 2555.05(19)+X keV 294(12) ns (17+)
    153Tm 69 84 152.942012(20) 1.48(1) s α (91%) 149Ho (11/2−)
    β+ (9%) 153Er
    153mTm 43.2(2) keV 2.5(2) s α (92%) 149Ho (1/2+)
    β+ (8%) 153Er
    154Tm 69 85 153.941568(15) 8.1(3) s β+ (56%) 154Er (2−)
    α (44%) 150Ho
    154mTm 70(50) keV 3.30(7) s α (90%) 150Ho (9+)
    β+ (10%) 154Er
    155Tm 69 86 154.939199(14) 21.6(2) s β+ (98.1%) 155Er (11/2−)
    α (1.9%) 151Ho
    155mTm 41(6) keV 45(3) s β+ (92%) 155Er (1/2+)
    α (8%) 151Ho
    156Tm 69 87 155.938980(17) 83.8(18) s β+ (99.93%) 156Er 2−
    α (.064%) 152Er
    156mTm 203.6(5) keV ~400 ns (11−)
    157Tm 69 88 156.93697(3) 3.63(9) min β+ 157Er 1/2+
    158Tm 69 89 157.936980(27) 3.98(6) min β+ 158Er 2−
    158mTm 50(100)# keV ~20 ns (5+)
    159Tm 69 90 158.93498(3) 9.13(16) min β+ 159Er 5/2+
    160Tm 69 91 159.93526(4) 9.4(3) min β+ 160Er 1−
    160m1Tm 70(20) keV 74.5(15) s
    IT
    (85%)     		160Tm 5(+#)
    β+ (15%) 160Er
    160m2Tm 98.2+X keV ~200 ns (8)
    161Tm 69 92 160.93355(3) 30.2(8) min β+ 161Er 7/2+
    161m1Tm 7.4(2) keV 5# min 1/2+
    161m2Tm 78.20(3) keV 110(3) ns 7/2−
    162Tm 69 93 161.933995(28) 21.70(19) min β+ 162Er 1−
    162mTm 130(40) keV 24.3(17) s IT (82%) 162Tm 5+
    β+ (18%) 162Er
    163Tm 69 94 162.932651(6) 1.810(5) h β+ 163Er 1/2+
    164Tm 69 95 163.93356(3) 2.0(1) min β+ 164Er 1+
    164mTm 10(6) keV 5.1(1) min IT (80%) 164Tm 6−
    β+ (20%) 164Er
    165Tm 69 96 164.932435(4) 30.06(3) h β+ 165Er 1/2+
    166Tm 69 97 165.933554(13) 7.70(3) h β+ 166Er 2+
    166mTm 122(8) keV 340(25) ms IT 166Tm 6−
    167Tm 69 98 166.9328516(29) 9.25(2) d EC 167Er 1/2+
    167m1Tm 179.480(19) keV 1.16(6) μs (7/2)+
    167m2Tm 292.820(20) keV 0.9(1) μs 7/2−
    168Tm 69 99 167.934173(3) 93.1(2) d β+ (99.99%) 168Er 3+
    β− (.01%) 168Yb
    169Tm 69 100 168.9342133(27)
    Observationally Stable[n 8]
    		 1/2+ 1.0000
    170Tm 69 101 169.9358014(27) 128.6(3) d β− (99.86%) 170Yb 1−
    EC (.14%) 170Er
    170mTm 183.197(4) keV 4.12(13) μs (3)+
    171Tm 69 102 170.9364294(28) 1.92(1) y β− 171Yb 1/2+
    171mTm 424.9560(15) keV 2.60(2) μs 7/2−
    172Tm 69 103 171.938400(6) 63.6(2) h β− 172Yb 2−
    173Tm 69 104 172.939604(5) 8.24(8) h β− 173Yb (1/2+)
    173mTm 317.73(20) keV 10(3) μs (7/2−)
    174Tm 69 105 173.94217(5) 5.4(1) min β− 174Yb (4)−
    175Tm 69 106 174.94384(5) 15.2(5) min β− 175Yb (1/2+)
    176Tm 69 107 175.94699(11) 1.85(3) min β− 176Yb (4+)
    177Tm 69 108 176.94904(32)# 90(6) s β− 177Yb (7/2−)
    178Tm 69 109 177.95264(43)# 30# s β− 178Yb
    179Tm 69 110 178.95534(54)# 20# s β− 179Yb 1/2+#
    180Tm 69 111 179.95902(43)# 3# s β− 180Yb
    181Tm 69 112 180.96195(54)# 7# s β− 181Yb 1/2+#
    182Tm[5] 69 113 181.96619(54)#
    183Tm[5] 69 114
    This table header & footer:
    1. ^ mTm – Excited nuclear isomer.
    2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
    3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
    4. ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
    5. ^ Modes of decay:
      EC: Electron capture
      IT:
      Isomeric transition


      p: Proton emission
    6. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
    7. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
    8. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 165Ho

    Thulium-170

    Main article: Thulium-170

    Thulium-170 has a half-life of 128.6 days, decaying by β− decay about 99.87% of the time and

    radiothermal generator.[7]

    References

    1. ^
      doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
      .
    2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Thulium". CIAAW. 2021.
    3. ISSN 1365-3075
      .
    4. S2CID 122232690
      .
    5. ^
      doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.072501
      .
    6. PMID 25226213 – via Academia.edu
      .
    7. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111475
      .
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