Timeline of national independence

This list includes currently extant sovereign states (list) and states with limited recognition that have declared independence from a predecessor state or an occupying power. Various states have never declared independence throughout their formations and hence are not included in the list, including states that were formed by the unification of multiple independent states. The list does not include duplicated entries for states that have declared independence multiple times, only using the most recent one. Subnational entities are usually not included in the list. Some of these dates of independence might be disputed. Entries in the "events" table are written in the present tense.

Before 19th century

Date	Previous entity	Newly independent entity	Event
September 3, 301	Roman Empire	San Marino	Traditionally given date
749	Abbasid Caliphate	Oman	Subject to Abbasid vassalage for short periods
August 10, 843	Carolingian Empire	France	Treaty of Verdun, splitting the Frankish Empire into three states, one of which became France.
c. 950	Tui Manu'a Empire	Tonga
July 27, 1139	Leon	Portugal	In personal union with, and effective satellite state of, Spain between 1580 and 1640
November 5, 1271	Mongol Empire	China	Independent Chinese state reestablished with the collapse of the Mongol Empire. Earliest foundation of China disputed, but begins with either the Shang Dynasty
February 8, 1649	Holy Roman Empire	Switzerland	Separated from Imperial sovereignty by the Peace of Westphalia
July 1747	Persia	Afghanistan	Independent as the Durrani Empire, subject to British protectorate from 1880-1919.
1616	Tibet	Bhutan	Subject to British protectorate from 1865-1947, and Indian protectorate from 1947-1971.

19th century to World War I

Year	Previous entity	Newly independent entity	Event
February 12, 1818	Spain	Chile	Independence restored after Spanish reconquest
May 23, 1810	Spain	Argentina
May 14, 1811	Spain	Paraguay	Independence not formally declared until 1842.
November 20, 1813	France	Netherlands	Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Spain in 1581 as the Dutch Republic.
November 4, 1813	Confederation of the Rhine	Liechtenstein	Confederation of the Rhine dissolved.
May 30, 1814	France	Monaco	Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Genoa in 1297, interrupted by multiple Genoese occupations.
May 30, 1814	France	Andorra	Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Urgell in 1278.
September 28, 1821	Spain	Mexico
January 4, 1822	Ottoman Empire	Greece
September 7, 1822	Portugal	Brazil
October 4, 1828	Brazil	Uruguay
October 4, 1830	Netherlands	Belgium
November 19, 1832	Gran Colombia	Colombia	Dissolution of Gran Colombia. Initially named Republic of New Granada.
November 19, 1832	Gran Colombia	Venezuela	Dissolution of Gran Colombia. Restoration of Independence, first established in 1811 .
November 19, 1832	Gran Colombia	Ecuador	Dissolution of Gran Colombia.
November 15, 1838	Federal Republic of Central America	Costa Rica
August 25, 1839	Peru-Bolivia Confederation	Peru	Restoration of Independence, first proclaimed in 1821.
August 25, 1839	Peru-Bolivia Confederation	Bolivia	Restoration of Independence, first proclaimed in 1825.
June 19, 1839	Belgium	Luxembourg	Grand Duchy re-established by the Treaty of London in personal union with the Netherlands (until 1890).
July 26, 1847	United States	Liberia
May 1, 1865	Spain	Dominican Republic	Independence restored after period of Spanish rule. Independence initially declared from Spain in 1821 as the Republic of Spanish Haiti, and from Haiti in 1844 with the current name.
July 1, 1867	United Kingdom	Canada	Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster.
March 17, 1878	Ottoman Empire	Bulgaria	Under Ottoman vassalage until 1908.
November 29, 1898	Greater Republic of Central America	Nicaragua	Independence restored after the dissolution of the Greater Republic of Central America, initial independence in 1838.
January 1, 1901	United Kingdom	Australia	Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster.
May 20, 1902	United States	Cuba	United States retained Isla de Pinos until 1925.
November 4, 1903	Colombia	Panama
June 7, 1905	Sweden	Norway	Independence restored after Swedish rule. Initial establishment around 872 .
September 26, 1907	United Kingdom	New Zealand	Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster.
May 3, 1910	United Kingdom	South Africa	Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster.

Interwar period

Year	Previous entity	Newly independent entity	Event
December 6, 1917	Russia	Finland
October 17, 1918	Hungary	Austria Hungary	Independence restored with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. Initial establishment in 895. Stayed in personal union with Austria until November 16.
December 1, 1918	Denmark	Iceland	In personal union with Denmark until 1944.
February 15, 1921	China	Mongolia	Independence restored after Chinese occupation. Initial independence delcared in 1911, first Mongolian state founded 1203
January 14, 1922	Central American Federation	Guatemala	Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1839.
January 14, 1922	Central American Federation	Honduras	Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1838.
January 14, 1922	Central American Federation	El Salvador	Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1841.
March 15, 1922	United Kingdom	Egypt	Independence restored after a period of British rule. Initial establishment around 3150 BC.
December 6, 1922	United Kingdom	Ireland	Independence restored after direct British rule. In personal union with Britain until 1937. Initial establishment of first state called Ireland in 1177.
June 7, 1929	Italy	Vatican City	Established by the Lateran Treaty
October 3, 1932	United Kingdom	Iraq	Formerly a League of Nations mandate.
May 5, 1941	Italy	Ethiopia	Independence restored after Italian occupation. Initially established in 1270.
December 22, 1943	France	Lebanon	Formerly a League of Nations mandate.
December 22, 1943	France	Syria	Formerly a League of Nations mandate.
July 22, 1944	Germany	Poland	Independence restored after German occupation. Initial establishment c. 960.
October 22, 1944	Germany	Albania	Independence restored after German occupation. Initial independence in 1912.
April 27, 1945	Germany	Austria	Independence restored after German occupation. Initial establishment in 970 within the Holy Roman Empire.
August 17, 1945	Netherlands	Indonesia

Cold War

Year	Previous entity	Newly independent entity	Event
June 17, 1946	United Kingdom	Jordan	Previously a League of Nations Mandate
July 4, 1946	United States	Philippines	Restoration of Independence after American rule.. Initial declaration of independence in 1897
August 15, 1947	United Kingdom	India
August 15, 1947	United Kingdom	Pakistan
January 4, 1948	United Kingdom	Burma	Independence restored after British rule. Initial establishment in 849 Name changed to Myanmar in 1989.
February 4, 1948	United Kingdom	Ceylon	Renamed Sri Lanka in 1972.
August 15, 1948	United States	South Korea
September 8, 1948	Soviet Union	North Korea
May 14, 1948	United Kingdom	Israel	Previously a Leage of Nations mandate.
December 24, 1951	United Kingdom and France	Libya
November 9, 1953	France	Cambodia	Independence restored after French protectorate status. Initial establishment in 802
October 22, 1953	France	Laos
January 1, 1956	United Kingdom and Egypt	Sudan
March 20, 1956	France	Tunisia	Independence restored after period as a French protectorate. Initial independence in 1705
March 6, 1957	United Kingdom	Ghana
August 14, 1957	France	Morocco	Independence restored after French protectorate. Initial founding in 788.
August 31,1957	United Kingdom	Malaya	Name changed to Malaysia in 1963.
October 2, 1958	France	Guinea
January 1, 1960	France	Cameroon
April 27, 1960	France	Togo
June 20, 1960	France	Mali
June 26, 1960	France	Madagascar
June 30, 1960	Belgium	Congo-Leopoldville	Named Congo-Kinshasa .
July 1, 1960	Italy	Somalia
July 31, 1960	France	Dahomey	Renamed to Benin in 1975.
August 5, 1960	France	Upper Volta	Renamed to Burkina Faso in 1984.
August 8, 1960	France	Niger
August 7, 1960	France	Ivory Coast
August 11, 1960	France	Chad
August 13, 1960	France	Central African Republic	Central African Empire from 1976-1979.
August 15, 1960	France	Congo-Brazzaville
August 16, 1960	United Kingdom	Cyprus
August 17, 1960	France	Gabon
August 20, 1960	Mali	Senegal
November 28, 1960	France	Mauritania
October 1, 1960	United Kingdom	Nigeria
April 27, 1961	United Kingdom	Sierra Leone
June 19, 1961	United Kingdom	Kuwait	Independence restored after period of British protectorate. Initial independence in 1752.
January 1, 1962	New Zealand	Samoa	Independence restored after German and New Zealand rule. Initial independence c. 1300.
July 1, 1962	Belgium	Rwanda	Independence restored after German and Belgian protectorate. Initial establishment around the 12th century.
July 1, 1962	Belgium	burundi	Independence restored after German and Belgian protectorate. Initial establishment c. 1680.
July 5, 1962	France	Algeria	Independence restored after French colonial rule. Initial founding in 1516
August 6, 1962	United Kingdom	Jamaica
August 31, 1962	United Kingdom	Trinidad and Tobago
October 9, 1962	United Kingdom	Uganda
November 12, 1963	United Kingdom	Kenya
July 6, 1964	United Kingdom	Malawi
September 21, 1964	United Kingdom	Malta	Independence restored after French and British rule. Initial independence in 1520
October 24, 1964	United Kingdom	Zambia
February 18, 1965	United Kingdom	The Gambia
July 26, 1965	United Kingdom	Maldives	Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial establishment before 1117.
August 4, 1965	New Zealand	Cook Islands	Partially unrecognized.
August 9, 1965	Malaysia	Singapore
May 26, 1966	United Kingdom	Guyana
September 30, 1966	United Kingdom	Botswana
October 4, 1966	United Kingdom	Lesotho	Independence restored after period of British protectorate. Initial establishment around 1822.
January 31, 1968	Australia	Nauru
November 30, 1962	United Kingdom	Barbados
March 12, 1968	United Kingdom	Mauritius
September 6, 1968	United Kingdom	Eswatini	Restoration of independence after British protectorate, initial establishment around 1745. Name changed to Eswatini in 2018.
October 12, 1968	Spain	Equatorial Guinea
October 10, 1970	United Kingdom	Fiji	Restoration of independence after British colonial rule. Initial founding in 1871.
August 15, 1971	United Kingdom	Bahrain	Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial independence in 1783.
September 3, 1971	United Kingdom	Qatar	Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial independence in 1868.
December 2, 1971	United Kingdom	United Arab Emirates
December 16, 1971	Pakistan	Bangladesh
July 10, 1973	United Kingdom	The Bahamas
September 24, 1973	Portugal	Guinea-Bissau
February 7, 1972	United Kingdom	Grenada
October 19, 1974	New Zealand	Niue	Independence restored after British and New Zealand rule. Initial establishment before 1887. Partially unrecognized.
June 25, 1975	Portugal	Mozambique
July 5, 1975	Portugal	Cape Verde
July 6, 1975	France	Comoros
July 12, 1975	Portugal	Sao Tome and Principe
September 16, 1975	Australia	Papua New Guinea
November 11, 1975	Portugal	Angola
November 25, 1975	Netherlands	Suriname
February 27, 1976	Spain	Western Sahara	Partially unrecognized.
June 29, 1976	United Kingdom	Seychelles
June 27, 1977	France	Djibouti
July 7, 1978	United Kingdom	Solomon Islands
October 1, 1978	United Kingdom	Tuvalu
November 3, 1978	United Kingdom	Dominica
February 22, 1979	United Kingdom	Saint Lucia
July 12, 1979	United Kingdom	Kiribati
October 27, 1979	United Kingdom	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
April 18, 1980	United Kingdom	Zimbabwe	Restoration of independence after a brief return to British rule after the Rhodesian Bush War. Initial independence in 1965 as Rhodesia.
July 7, 1980	United Kingdom and France	Vanuatu
September 21, 1981	United Kingdom	Belize
November 1, 1981	United Kingdom	Antigua and Barbuda
September 19, 1983	United Kingdom	Saint Kitts and Nevis
November 15, 1983	Cyprus	Northern Cyprus	Largely unrecognized.
January 1, 1984	United Kingdom	Brunei	Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial establishment in 1368.
March 11, 1990	Soviet Union	Lithuania	Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1236. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
March 21, 1990	South Africa	Namibia
May 4, 1990	Soviet Union	Latvia	Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
December 22, 1990	United States	Marshall Islands
December 22, 1990	United States	Micronesia
April 9, 1991	Soviet Union	Georgia	Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1008. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
May 18, 1991	Somalia	Somaliland	Independence restored after union with Somalia. Initial independence in 1960. Unrecognized.
May 29, 1991	Ethiopia	Eritrea
June 25, 1991	Yugoslavia	Slovenia
June 25, 1991	SFR Yugoslavia	Croatia	Independence restored after Habsburg and Yugoslav rule. Initial independence in the 6th century.
August 20, 1991	Soviet Union	Estonia	Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
August 24, 1991	Soviet Union	Ukraine	Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1917. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
August 27, 1991	Soviet Union	Moldova	Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1917. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
August 30, 1991	Soviet Union	Azerbaijan	Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
August 31, 1991	Soviet Union	Uzbekistan	Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
August 31, 1991	Soviet Union	Kyrgyzstan	Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
September 9, 1991	Soviet Union	Tajikistan	Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
September 17, 1991	Yugoslavia	Macedonia	Name changed to North Macedonia in 2019.
October 27, 1991	Soviet Union	Turkmenistan	Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
November 5, 1991	Soviet Union	Transnistria	Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. Largely unrecognized.
November 23, 1991	Soviet Union	Armenia	Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 331 BC. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
December 10, 1991	Soviet Union	Belarus	Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
December 16, 1991	Soviet Union	Kazakhstan	Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union.
December 21, 1991	Soviet Union	South Ossetia	Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. Largely unrecognized.
December 26, 1991	Soviet Union	Russia	Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1547.

Post–Cold War era

Year	Previous entity	Newly independent entity	Event
March 6, 1992	Yugoslavia	Bosnia and Herzegovina
July 23, 1992	Georgia	Abkhazia	Restoration of independence after Georgian, Russian, and Soviet rule. Initially founded in 778. Largely unrecognized.
January 1, 1993	Czechoslovakia	Czech Republic	Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
January 1, 1993	Czechoslovakia	Slovakia	Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
July 5, 1994	Israel	Palestine	Created by the Oslo Accords, limited control over claimed territory. Partially unrecognized
October 1, 1994	United States	Palau
May 20, 2002	Indonesia	East Timor	Independence restored after Indonesian occupation. Initial declaration of independence in 1975.
June 3, 2006	Serbia and Montenegro	Montenegro	Independence restored after Yugoslav union. Initial establishment in 1516
June 3, 2006	Serbia and Montenegro	Serbia	Independence restored after Yugoslav union. Initial establishment in 780
June 14, 2007	Israel and Palestine	Palestine (Gaza)	Effectively operating as a separate state since Hamas takeover of government. Largely unrecognized.
February 17, 2008	Serbia	Kosovo	Proto-state previously existed from 1991-2000. Partially unrecognized.
August 20, 2010	Myanmar	Wa State	Recognizes the authority of the National Unity Government of Myanmar but de facto independent. Unrecognized.
July 9, 2011	Sudan	South Sudan
December 6, 2023	Myanmar	Chinland	Recognizes the authority of the National Unity Government of Myanmar and aims to rejoin country once they are restored. Unrecognized.
April 1, 2024	Somalia	Puntland	Seeks reintegration into Somalia after the adoption of a new constitution. Unrecognized.

Notes

References