Isotopes of silver
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Silver-108
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Naturally occurring
nuclear spins of 1/2. Thus both 107Ag and 109Ag nuclei produce narrow lines in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.[4]
40
radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 105Ag with a half-life
of 41.29 days, 111Ag with a half-life of 7.43 days, and 112Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours.
All of the remaining
meta states
, with the most stable being 108mAg (half-life 439 years), 110mAg (half-life 249.86 days) and 106mAg (half-life 8.28 days).
Isotopes of silver range in
decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 107Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 107Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes and the primary products after are cadmium
(element 48) isotopes.
The palladium
Radiogenic 107Ag was first discovered in the Santa Clara
meteorite in 1978.
The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small
nucleosynthetic event. 107Pd versus 107Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since the accretion of the Solar System
, must reflect the presence of live short-lived nuclides in the early Solar System.
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)[5] [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life[1] [n 4] |
Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion[1] | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
92Ag | 47 | 45 | 91.95971(43)# | 1# ms [>400 ns] |
β+ | 92Pd | |||||||||||||
p | 91Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
93Ag | 47 | 46 | 92.95019(43)# | 228(16) ns | β+ | 93Pd | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
p | 92Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p | 92Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
94Ag | 47 | 47 | 93.94374(43)# | 27(2) ms | β+ (>99.8%) | 94Pd | 0+# | ||||||||||||
β+, p (<0.2%) | 93Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
94m1Ag | 1350(400)# keV | 470(10) ms | β+ (83%) | 94Pd | (7+) | ||||||||||||||
β+, p (17%) | 93Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
94m2Ag | 6500(550)# keV | 400(40) ms | β+ (~68.4%) | 94Pd | (21+) | ||||||||||||||
β+, p (~27%) | 93Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
p (4.1%) | 93Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
2p (0.5%) | 92Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
95Ag | 47 | 48 | 94.93569(43)# | 1.78(6) s | β+ (97.7%) | 95Pd | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+, p (2.3%) | 94Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
95m1Ag | 344.2(3) keV | <0.5 s | IT
|
95Ag | (1/2−) | ||||||||||||||
95m2Ag | 2531.3(15) keV | <16 ms | IT | 95Ag | (23/2+) | ||||||||||||||
95m3Ag | 4860.0(15) keV | <40 ms | IT | 95Ag | (37/2+) | ||||||||||||||
96Ag | 47 | 49 | 95.93074(10) | 4.45(3) s | β+ (95.8%) | 96Pd | (8+) | ||||||||||||
β+, p (4.2%) | 95Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
96m1Ag | 0(50)# keV | 6.9(5) s | β+ (85.1%) | 96Pd | (2+) | ||||||||||||||
β+, p (14.9%) | 95Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
96m2Ag | 2461.4(3) keV | 103.2(45) μs | IT | 96Ag | (13-) | ||||||||||||||
96m3Ag | 2686.7(4) keV | 1.561(16) μs | IT | 96Ag | (15+) | ||||||||||||||
96m4Ag | 6951.8(14) keV | 132(17) ns | IT | 96Ag | (19+) | ||||||||||||||
97Ag | 47 | 50 | 96.923881(13) | 25.5(3) s | β+ | 97Pd | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
97mAg | 620(40) keV | 100# ms | (1/2-#) | ||||||||||||||||
98Ag | 47 | 51 | 97.92156(4) | 47.5(3) s | β+ (99.99%) | 98Pd | (6)+ | ||||||||||||
β+, p (.0012%) | 97Rh | ||||||||||||||||||
98mAg | 107.28(10) keV | 161(7) ns | IT | 98Ag | (4+) | ||||||||||||||
99Ag | 47 | 52 | 98.917646(7) | 2.07(5) min | β+ | 99Pd | (9/2)+ | ||||||||||||
99mAg | 506.2(4) keV | 10.5(5) s | IT | 99Ag | (1/2−) | ||||||||||||||
100Ag | 47 | 53 | 99.916115(5) | 2.01(9) min | β+ | 100Pd | (5)+ | ||||||||||||
100mAg | 15.52(16) keV | 2.24(13) min | IT | 100Ag | (2)+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ | 100Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
101Ag | 47 | 54 | 100.912684(5) | 11.1(3) min | β+ | 101Pd | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
101mAg | 274.1(3) keV | 3.10(10) s | IT | 101Ag | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
102Ag | 47 | 55 | 101.911705(9) | 12.9(3) min | β+ | 102Pd | 5+ | ||||||||||||
102mAg | 9.40(7) keV | 7.7(5) min | β+ (51%) | 102Pd | 2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (49%) | 102Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
103Ag | 47 | 56 | 102.908961(4) | 65.7(7) min | β+ | 103Pd | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
103mAg | 134.45(4) keV | 5.7(3) s | IT | 103Ag | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
104Ag | 47 | 57 | 103.908624(5) | 69.2(10) min | β+ | 104Pd | 5+ | ||||||||||||
104mAg | 6.90(22) keV | 33.5(20) min | β+ (>99.93%) | 104Pd | 2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (<0.07%) | 104Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
105Ag | 47 | 58 | 104.906526(5) | 41.29(7) d | β+ | 105Pd | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
105mAg | 25.468(16) keV | 7.23(16) min | IT (99.66%) | 105Ag | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (.34%) | 105Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
106Ag | 47 | 59 | 105.906663(3) | 23.96(4) min | β+ | 106Pd | 1+ | ||||||||||||
β− (rare) | 106Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
106mAg | 89.66(7) keV | 8.28(2) d | β+ | 106Pd | 6+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (rare) | 106Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
107Ag[n 9] | 47 | 60 | 106.9050915(26) | Stable | 1/2− | 0.51839(8) | |||||||||||||
107mAg | 93.125(19) keV | 44.3(2) s | IT | 107Ag | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
108Ag | 47 | 61 | 107.9059502(26) | 2.382(11) min | β− (97.15%) | 108Cd | 1+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (2.85%) | 108Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
108mAg | 109.466(7) keV | 439(9) y | β+ (91.3%) | 108Pd | 6+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (8.96%) | 108Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
109Ag[n 10] | 47 | 62 | 108.9047558(14) | Stable | 1/2− | 0.48161(8) | |||||||||||||
109mAg | 88.0337(10) keV | 39.79(21) s | IT | 109Ag | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
110Ag | 47 | 63 | 109.9061107(14) | 24.56(11) s | β− (99.7%) | 110Cd | 1+ | ||||||||||||
EC (.3%) | 110Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
110m1Ag | 1.112(16) keV | 660(40) ns | IT | 110Ag | 2− | ||||||||||||||
110m2Ag | 117.59(5) keV | 249.863(24) d | β− (98.67%) | 110Cd | 6+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (1.33%) | 110Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
111Ag[n 10] | 47 | 64 | 110.9052968(16) | 7.433(10) d | β− | 111Cd | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
111mAg | 59.82(4) keV | 64.8(8) s | IT (99.3%) | 111Ag | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β− (.7%) | 111Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
112Ag | 47 | 65 | 111.9070485(26) | 3.130(8) h | β− | 112Cd | 2(−) | ||||||||||||
113Ag | 47 | 66 | 112.906573(18) | 5.37(5) h | β− | 113mCd | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
113mAg | 43.50(10) keV | 68.7(16) s | IT (64%) | 113Ag | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β− (36%) | 113Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
114Ag | 47 | 67 | 113.908823(5) | 4.6(1) s | β− | 114Cd | 1+ | ||||||||||||
114mAg | 198.9(10) keV | 1.50(5) ms | IT | 114Ag | (6+) | ||||||||||||||
115Ag | 47 | 68 | 114.908767(20) | 20.0(5) min | β− | 115mCd | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
115mAg | 41.16(10) keV | 18.0(7) s | β− (79%) | 115Cd | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (21%) | 115Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
116Ag | 47 | 69 | 115.911387(4) | 3.83(8) min | β− | 116Cd | (0-) | ||||||||||||
116m1Ag | 47.90(10) keV | 20(1) s | β− (93%) | 116Cd | (3+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (7%) | 116Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
116m2Ag | 129.80(22) keV | 9.3(3) s | β− (92%) | 116Cd | (6-) | ||||||||||||||
IT (8%) | 116Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
117Ag | 47 | 70 | 116.911774(15) | 73.6(14) s | β− | 117mCd | 1/2−# | ||||||||||||
117mAg | 28.6(2) keV | 5.34(5) s | β− (94%) | 117mCd | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||||
IT (6%) | 117Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
118Ag | 47 | 71 | 117.9145955(27) | 3.76(15) s | β− | 118Cd | (2-) | ||||||||||||
118m1Ag | 45.79(9) keV | ~0.1 µs | IT | 118Ag | 1(−) to 2(−) | ||||||||||||||
118m2Ag | 127.63(10) keV | 2.0(2) s | β− (59%) | 118Cd | (5+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (41%) | 118Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
118m3Ag | 279.37(20) keV | ~0.1 µs | IT | 118Ag | (3+) | ||||||||||||||
119Ag | 47 | 72 | 118.915570(16) | 6.0(5) s | β− | 119mCd | 1/2−# | ||||||||||||
119mAg | 20(20)# keV | 2.1(1) s | β− | 119Cd | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||||
120Ag | 47 | 73 | 119.918785(5) | 1.52(7) s | β− (>99.997%) | 120Cd | 4(+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (<.003%) | 119Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
120m1Ag | 0(50)# keV | 940(100) ms | (0−, 1-) | ||||||||||||||||
120m2Ag | 203.0(10) keV | 384(22) ms | IT (68%) | 120Sn | 7(−) | ||||||||||||||
β− (32%) | 120Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
121Ag | 47 | 74 | 120.920125(13) | 777(10) ms | β− (99.92%) | 121Cd | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (.076%) | 120Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
121mAg | 20(20)# keV | 200# ms | 1/2-# | ||||||||||||||||
122Ag | 47 | 75 | 121.92366(4) | 529(13) ms | β− (>99.814%) | 122Cd | (3+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (.186%) | 121Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
122m1Ag | 80(50)# keV | 550(50) ms | β− | 122Cd | (1-) | ||||||||||||||
β−, n (rare) | 121Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (rare) | 122Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
122m2Ag | 80(50)# keV | 200(50) ms | β− | 122Cd | (9-) | ||||||||||||||
β−, n (rare) | 121Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (rare) | 122Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
122m3Ag | 171(50)# keV | 6.3(1) μs | IT | 122Ag | (1+) | ||||||||||||||
123Ag | 47 | 76 | 122.92532(4) | 294(5) ms | β− (99.44%) | 123Cd | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (.56%) | 122Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
123m1Ag | 59.5(5) keV | 100# ms | β− | 123Cd | (1/2-) | ||||||||||||||
β−, n (rare) | 122Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
123m2Ag | 1450(14)# keV | 202(20) ns | IT | 123Ag | |||||||||||||||
123m3Ag | 1472.8(8) keV | 393(16) ns | IT | 123Ag | (17/2-) | ||||||||||||||
124Ag | 47 | 77 | 123.92890(27)# | 177.9(26) ms | β− (98.7%) | 124Cd | (2-) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (1.3%) | 123Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
124m1Ag | 50(50)# keV | 144(20) ms | β− | 124Cd | 9-# | ||||||||||||||
β−, n | 123Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
124m2Ag | 155.6(5)# keV | 140(50) ns | IT | 124Ag | (1+) | ||||||||||||||
124m3Ag | 231.1(7)# keV | 1.48(15) μs | IT | 124Ag | (1-) | ||||||||||||||
125Ag | 47 | 78 | 124.93074(47) | 160(5) ms | β− (88.2%) | 125Cd | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (11.8%) | 124Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
125m1Ag | 97.1(5)# keV | 50# ms | (1/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
125m2Ag | 97.1(5)# keV | 491(20) ns | (17/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
126Ag | 47 | 79 | 125.93481(22)# | 52(10) ms | β− (86.3%) | 126Cd | 3+# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (13.7%) | 125Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
126m1Ag | 100(100)# keV | 108.4(24) ms | 9-# | ||||||||||||||||
126m2Ag | 97.1(5)# keV | 27(6) μs | IT | 126Ag | 1-# | ||||||||||||||
127Ag | 47 | 80 | 126.93704(22)# | 89(2) ms | β− (85.4%) | 127Cd | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (14.6%) | 126Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
127m1Ag | 20(20)# keV | 20# ms | (1/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
127m2Ag | 1938(17) keV | 67.5(9) ms | β− (91.2%) | 127Cd | (27/2+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (8.8%) | 127Ag | ||||||||||||||||||
128Ag | 47 | 81 | 127.94127(32)# | 60(3) ms | β− (80%) | 128Cd | 3+# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (20%) | 127Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
129Ag | 47 | 82 | 128.94432(43)# | 49.9(35) ms | β− (>80%) | 129Cd | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (<20%) | 128Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
129mAg | 20(20)# keV | 10# ms | 1/2−# | ||||||||||||||||
130Ag | 47 | 83 | 129.95073(46)# | 40.6(45) ms | β− | 130Cd | 1-# | ||||||||||||
131Ag | 47 | 84 | 130.95625(54)# | 35(8) ms | β− | 131Cd | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
β−, n | 130Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
β−, 2n | 129Cd | ||||||||||||||||||
132Ag | 47 | 85 | 131.96307(54)# | 30(14) ms | β− | 132Cd | 6-# | ||||||||||||
133Ag | 47 | 86 | 132.96878(54)# | 6-# | |||||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mAg – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transitionn: Neutron emission p: Proton emission - ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ Used to date certain events in the early history of the Solar System
- ^ Fission product
References
- ^ .
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Silver". CIAAW. 1985.
- ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ "(Ag) Silver NMR".
- .
- Isotope masses from:
- Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. .
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. .
- .
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". .
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. .
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.