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For a topic outline on this subject, see

List of basic Iraq topics. For other uses, see Iraq (disambiguation)

.

Republic of Iraq جمهورية العراق Jumhūriyat Al-ʿIrāq Template:Ar icon كۆماری عێراق Komara Iraqê[1] Template:Ku icon
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: الله أكبر   ( Iraqi
Government	Developing parliamentary republic
• President	Jalal Talabani
• Prime Minister	Nouri al-Maliki
Independence
• from the Ottoman Empire	October 1, 1919
• from the United Kingdom	October 3, 1932
Area
• Total	438,317 km2 (169,235 sq mi) (58th)
• Water (%)	1.1
Population
• 2007 estimate	29,267,0004 (39th)
• Density	66/km2 (170.9/sq mi) (125th)
GDP (PPP)	2008 estimate
• Total	$113.9 billion [2] (61st)
• Per capita	$4000[2] (62)
Currency	Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Time zone	UTC+3 (GMT+3)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (not observed)
Driving side	right
Calling code	964
ISO 3166 code	IQ
Internet TLD	.iq
The Kurds use Assyrian (Syriac) (a dialect of Aramaic) and Iraqi Turkmen (a dialect of Turkish) languages are official in areas where the respective populations they constitute density of population. CIA World Factbook

Iraq (Template:Pron-en or Template:IPAlink-en; Arabic: العراق [Al-ʾIrāq] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جمهورية العراق^ⓘ [Jumhūrīyat Al-ʾIrāq] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (

The capital city,

The Arabic pronunciation is [ʕiˈrɑːq]. In English, the name is pronounced as either [ɪ.ˈɹɑ(ː)k] (the only pronunciation listed in the Oxford English Dictionary and the first one in Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary) or [ɪ.ˈɹæk] (listed first by MQD), the American Heritage Dictionary, and the Random House Dictionary.

History

Ancient Iraq

Historically, the land of Iraq was known in

Iraq was home to the earliest known

Beginning in the seventh century,

The

Mongol conquest

In 1257,

The Mongols destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate and The Grand Library of Baghdad (Arabic بيت الحكمة Bayt al-Hikma, lit., House of Wisdom), which contained countless, precious, historical documents. The city would never regain its status as major center of culture and influence.

The mid-14th-century

World War I

During World War I the Ottomans were driven from much of the area by the United Kingdom during the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. The British lost 92,000 soldiers in the Mesopotamian campaign. Ottoman losses are unknown but the British captured a total of 45,000 prisoners of war. By the end of 1918 the British had deployed 410,000 men in the area, though only 112,000 were combat troops.

During World War I the British and French divided

At the end of World War I, the

For three out of four centuries of

In 1979, Saddam Hussein took power as Iraqi President after knocking down his close friend and the leader of his party (Ahmed Hasan Al-Bakr) and killing and arresting his leadership rivals. Shortly after taking power, the political situation in Iraq's neighbor Iran changed drastically after the success of the

In 1977, the Iraqi government ordered the construction of

In 1990, faced with economic disaster following the end of the Iran–Iraq War, Saddam Hussein looked to the oil-rich neighbour of Kuwait as a target to invade to use its resources and money to rebuild Iraq's economy. The Iraqi government claimed that Kuwait was illegally

The aftermath of the war saw the Iraqi military, especially its air force, destroyed. In return for peace, Iraq was forced to dismantle all chemical and biological weapons it possessed, and end any attempt to create or purchase nuclear weapons, to be assured by the allowing UN weapons inspectors to evaluate the dismantlement of such weapons. Finally, Iraq would face sanctions if it disobeyed any of the demands.

Shortly after the war ended in 1991,

Disarmament crisis

While Iraq had agreed to UNSCR 687, the Iraqi government sometimes worked with inspectors, but ultimately failed to comply with disarmament terms, and as a result, economic sanctions against Iraq continued. After the war, Iraq was accused of breaking its obligations throughout the 1990s, including the discovery in 1993 of a plan to assassinate former President

It is estimated more than 500,000 Iraqi children died as a result of the sanctions.

As a result of these repeated violations,

The Bush administration made a number of allegations against Iraq, including that Iraq was acquiring uranium from Niger and that Iraq had secret weapons laboratories in trailers and isolated facilities throughout Iraq;^{[citation needed]} none of these allegations have proven true. Saddam Hussein, under pressure from the U.S. and the U.N., finally agreed to allow weapons inspectors to return to Iraq in 2002, but by that time the Bush administration had already begun pushing for war.

In June 2002,

On March 20, 2003, a United States-organized coalition

Iraq continues to flaunt its hostilities toward America and to support terror. The Iraqi regime has plotted to develop anthrax, and nerve gas, and nuclear weapons for over a decade... This is a regime that agreed to international inspections — then kicked out inspectors. This is a regime that has something to hide from the civilized world... By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes [Iran, Iraq and North Korea] pose a grave and growing danger. They could provide these arms to terrorists, giving them the means to match their hatred.^[28]

However, according to a comprehensive U.S. government report, no weapons of mass destruction have been found since the invasion.^[29] There are accounts of Polish troops obtaining antiquated warheads, dating from the 1980s, two of which contained trace amounts of the nerve gas cyclosarin, but U.S. military tests found that the rounds were so deteriorated that they would "have limited to no impact if used by insurgents against coalition forces." ^[30]

Post-invasion

Following the invasion, the United States established the Coalition Provisional Authority to govern Iraq.^[31] Government authority was transferred to an Iraqi Interim Government in June 2004, and a permanent government was elected in October 2005. More than 140,000 troops, mainly Americans, remain in Iraq.

Some studies have placed the number of civilians deaths as high as 655,000 (see

After the invasion, al-Qaeda took advantage of the insurgency to entrench itself in the country concurrently with an Arab-Sunni led insurgency and sectarian violence.

On December 30, 2006, Saddam Hussein was hanged.

At the Anfal genocide trial, Saddam's cousin

Although violence has declined from the summer of 2007,^[38] the U.N. reported of a cholera outbreak in Iraq.^[39]

The mandate of the

Iraq is located at 33°00′N 44°00′E / 33.000°N 44.000°E / 33.000; 44.000. Spanning 437,072 km² (168,743 sq mi), it is the 58th-largest country in the world. It is comparable in size to the

The local climate is mostly desert, with mild to cool winters and dry, hot, cloudless summers. The northern mountainous regions (Kurdistan region هه‌رێمی کوردستان) have cold winters with occasional heavy snows, sometimes causing extensive flooding.

Comprising 115 billion barrels (1.83×10¹⁰ m³) of proved oil reserves, Iraq ranks third in the world behind

The

Regions, governorates and districts

) (Arabic: muhafadhat, singular - muhafadhah, Kurdish: پاریزگه Pârizgah). The governorates are subdivided into districts (or qadhas).

Template:Multi-column numbered list

The following governorates are within the region Iraqi Kurdistan:

Sulaymaniyah

Politics

Main article: Politics of Iraq

Iraq was under

invasion

.

On October 15, 2005, more than 63% of eligible Iraqis came out across the country to vote on whether to accept or reject the new

Al Anbar

with 97% against).

Under the terms of the constitution, the country conducted

ethnic groups in Iraq voted along ethnic lines, turning this vote into more of an ethnic census

than a competitive election, and setting the stage for the division of the country along ethnic lines.

Iraqi politicians have been under significant threat by the various factions that have promoted violence as a political weapon. The ongoing violence in Iraq has been incited by an amalgam of religious extremists that believe an Islamic

U.S. military

presence.

Iraq has a number of ethnic minority groups:

autonomous region

. The remainder of these ethnic groups continue to suffer discrimination on religious or ethnic grounds.

On November 17, 2008, the U.S. and Iraq agreed to a

Strategic Framework Agreement.^[44]

This agreement notably states "the Government of Iraq requests" U.S. forces to remain in Iraq to "maintain security and stability in Iraq," and that Iraq has jurisdiction over military contractors, and US personnel when not on US bases or on-duty.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Iraq

File:Iraq 50 dinars Rewers.JPG

Iraq's economy is dominated by the

US$3 billion a year) and the costs of reconstruction resulted in a serious financial crisis which was the main short term motivation for the invasion of Kuwait

.

On November 20, 2004, the Paris Club of creditor nations agreed to write off 80% ($33 billion) of Iraq's $42 billion debt to Club members. Iraq's total external debt was around $120 billion at the time of the 2003 invasion, and had grown by $5 billion by 2004. The debt relief will be implemented in three stages: two of 30% each and one of 20%.^[45]

At the end of 2005, and in the first half of 2006, Iraq implemented a restructuring of about $20 billion of commercial debt claims on terms comparable to that of its November 2004 Paris Club agreement (i.e. with an 80% writeoff). Iraq offered to its larger claimants a U.S. dollar denominated bond maturing in 2028. Smaller commercial claimants received a cash settlement of comparable value.

Reconstruction

Main article:

Reconstruction of Iraq

There have been attempts by the international community to improve and repair the infrastructure of Iraq in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion, when much was destroyed. Iraq was governed, after the 2003 invasion, by the Coalition Provisional Authority and, after June 28, 2004 by a series of Iraq-led governments (see Politics of Iraq). During this period efforts were made to repair and replace damaged Iraqi infrastructure, including: water supply systems, sewage treatment plants, electricity production, hospitals and health clinics, schools, housing, and transportation systems. Reconstruction efforts have also encompassed the promotion of economic development and government institutions such as the criminal justice system.

While reconstruction efforts have produced some successes, problems have arisen with the implementation of internationally funded Iraq reconstruction efforts. These include inadequate security, pervasive corruption, insufficient funding and poor coordination among international agencies and local communities. Many suggest that the efforts were hampered by a poor understanding of Iraq on the part of the occupiers.

International assistance

Much reconstruction work in Iraq has been carried out by the Iraqi people in their own communities using local resources. A major benchmark for international assistance was the Madrid Conference on Reconstruction held in Spain October 23-24, 2003 and attended by representatives from over 25 nations. Funds assembled at this conference and from other sources have been administered by the United Nations and the World Bank. This assistance has primarily funded large-scale projects.

United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq focuses on implementing the International Compact with Iraq, to aid economic and political development in Iraq.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Iraq

An April 2008 estimate of the total Iraqi population is 28,221,181.^[46]

Linguistically, around 75–80% of Iraq's population speak

Chechens.^[49] In southern Iraq there is a community of Iraqis of African descent, a legacy of the slavery practiced in the Islamic Caliphate beginning before the Zanj Rebellion of the 9th century, and Basra

's role as a key port city.

Assyrian and Turkmen are official languages in areas where the Assyrians and Iraqi Turkmen are located respectively. Armenian and Persian are also spoken but to a lesser extent. English

is the most commonly spoken European language.

No official figures exist, due to the politically sensitive nature of the subject, recent violence, and

Ba'athist

views on information and religion. Religious composition includes:

• Islam, 97%; Christianity or other, 3%.^[50]

Two estimates of the Muslim proportions of the population are:

• Shi'a up to 60%, Sunni about 40% (source:
  Encyclopedia Britannica
  ).
• Shi'a 60%–65%, Sunni 32%–37% (source:
  CIA World Fact Book
  ).

Linguistically, the adherants of

Shafi

school).

It is estimated that around 60%–65% of Iraqis follow

Feyli Kurds

are largely Shi'a.

Ethnic Assyrians (most of whom are adherents of the

Yezidis

.

In November 2006, the

UNHCR estimated that 1.8 million Iraqis had been displaced to neighboring countries, with nearly 100,000 Iraqis fleeing to Syria and Jordan each month, while another 1.6 million were displaced internally.^[53] A May 2007 article noted that in the previous seven months, only 69 people from Iraq had been granted refugee status in the United States.^[54]

Iraqi diaspora

Main articles: Iraqi diaspora and Refugees of Iraq

Chaldean Catholic

population in Jordan.

The dispersion of native Iraqis to other countries is known as the Iraqi diaspora. There have been many large-scale waves of emigration from Iraq, beginning early in the regime of Saddam Hussein and continuing through to 2007. The

UN High Commission for Refugees has estimated that nearly two million Iraqis have fled the country in recent years, mostly to Syria and Jordan.^[55] Although some expatriates returned to Iraq after the 2003 invasion, the flow had virtually stopped by 2006.^[56]

In addition to the 2 million Iraqis who fled to neighboring countries, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre estimates the number of people currently displaced within the country at 1.9 million.[57]

Roughly 40% of Iraq's middle class is believed to have fled, the U.N. said. Most are fleeing systematic persecution and have no desire to return.^[58] Refugees are mired in poverty as they are generally barred from working in their host countries.^[59][60]

In recent times the diaspora seems to be reversing with the increased security of the last few months, and the Iraqi government claims that so far 46,000 refugees have returned to their homes in October 2007 alone.^[61]

Culture

Main article: Culture of Iraq

In the most recent

Assyrians, a Christian people, living in various cities in the north, and the Marsh Arabs, a nomadic people, who live on the marshlands of the central river. There are also the Bedouin

tribes primarily in southern and western Iraq, with smaller groups scattered throughout the country. Markets and bartering are the common form of trade.

Music

Main article: Music of Iraq

Iraq is known primarily for an instrument called the

Kathem Al Saher, whose songs include Ladghat E-Hayya, which was banned for its racy lyrics. The folk songs of Iraqi Turks are also well known, and Abdurrahman Kizilay

is a leading name.

Cuisine

File:Iraqi masgouf.jpg

Main article

Cuisine of Iraq

The Iraqi cuisine is generally a heavy cuisine with more spices than most Arab cuisines. Iraq's main food crops include wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, and dates. Vegetables include eggplant, okra, potatoes, and tomatoes. Beans such as chickpeas and lentils are also quite common. Common meats in Iraqi cooking are lamb and beef; fish and poultry are also used. Soups and stews are often prepared and served with rice and vegetables. Although Iraq is not a coastal area, the population is used to consuming fish. However, freshwater fish is more common than saltwater fish. Masgouf is one of the most popular dishes. Biryani although influenced by the Indian cuisine, is much milder with a different mixture of spices and a wider variety of vegetables including potatoes, peas, carrots and onions among others. Dolma is also one of the popular dishes. The Iraqi

kabab as well as its tikka. A wide variety of spices pickles and Amba

are also extensively used.

Sport

Main article: Sport in Iraq

kick boxing and tennis

are also popular sports.

The

Dawri Al-Nokba). It was founded in 1948, and has been a member of FIFA since 1950 and the Asian Football Confederation since 1971. The Iraqi National Football Team are the 2007 AFC Asian Cup Champions after defeating Saudi Arabia

in the final.

See also

Arabic language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kurdish language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• List of basic geography topics
• List of international rankings
• List of Iraq-related articles (alphabetical index)
• List of Iraq-related topics (topical index}
• Outline of Iraq (topical outline)

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Kurdistan Regional Government". KRG. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
2. ^ ^{a b} "CIA World Factbook: Iraq - Economy". Cia.gov. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
3. ^ "Declaration of Principles for a Long-Term Relationship of Cooperation and Friendship Between the Republic of Iraq and the United States of America".
4. ^ "Top 10 Battles for the Control of Iraq". Livescience.com. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
5. ^ "Iraq Guide". Business.maktoob.com. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
6. ^ "Foreign Policy Magazine: The Failed States Index 2008".
7. ^ "The Failed State Index 2008".
8. ^ Munaf v. Geren, 06-1666, pg. 5 of Syllabus
9. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. 1979-12-10. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
10. ^ W. Eilers (1983), "Iran and Mesopotamia" in E. Yarshater, The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
11. ^ Boesch, Hans H. (1939) "El-'Iraq" Economic Geography 15(4): pp. 325-361, p. 329
12. ^ The term [Iraq] did not encompass the regions north of the region of Tikrit on the Tigris and near Hit on the Euphrates. Bernhardsson, Magnus Thorkell (2005) Reclaiming a Plundered Past, Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, ISBN 0292709471, 9780292709478, 327 pages, p. 97
13. ^ Largest Cities Through History, Matt Rosenberg
14. ^ The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death), The University of Calgary
15. ^ "Q&A with John Kelly on The Great Mortality on National Review Online". Nationalreview.com. 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
16. ^ "The annihilation of Iraq".
17. ^ Iraq. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 15, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
18. ^ Tripp, Charles:A History of Iraq,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000
19. ISBN 1-56432-108-8. Retrieved 2007-02-10. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |origmonth= ignored (help
    )
20. ^ Hiltermann, Joost R. (1994) [1994]. Bureaucracy of repression : the Iraqi government in its own words / Western Asia Watch. New York • Washington • Los Angeles • London: Human Rights Watch.
    ISBN 1564321274. Retrieved 2007-02-10. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |origmonth= ignored (help
    )
21. ^ "Charges against Saddam dropped as genocide trial resumes", AFP, 2007
22. ^ "Human Rights Watch on Iraq". Hrw.org. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
23. ^ "Middle East | US silence on new Iraq spying allegations". BBC News. 1999-01-07. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
24. ^ "UN Says Sanctions Have Killed Some 500,000 Iraqi Children". Commondreams.org. 2000-07-21. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
25. ^ "Denis Halliday - former United Nations employee resigned over Iraq sanctions - Interview". Findarticles.com. 1997-09-01. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
26. ^ Plan of Attack, Bob Woodward, 2004.
27. ^ Operation Hotel California, The Clandestine War inside Iraq, Mike Tucker and Charles Faddis, 2008.
28. ^ "The President's State of Union Address, January 29, 2002,Washington, D.C". Whitehouse.gov. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
29. guardian.co.uk. Guardian Media Group
    . Retrieved 2008-04-28.
30. ^ [http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2004/7/2/112615.shtml http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2004/07/mil-040702-rferl02.htm http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2004-07-01-poland-iraq-sarin x.htm http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/index.html?siteSect=143&sid=5055996 http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?BRD=1078&dept id=151021&newsid=12185667&PAG=461&rfi=9 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3861197.stm ]
31. ^ "CPA Website".
32. ^ "Iraq bodycount webpage".
33. ^ "Saddam death 'ends dark chapter'". BBC News. 2006-12-30. Retrieved 2007-08-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
34. ^ "Saddam Hussein's Two Co-Defendants Hanged in Iraq". Bloomberg L.P. 2007-01-15. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
35. ^ "Ramadan hanging". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
36. ^ Second death sentence for Iraq's 'Chemical Ali, MSNBC.com, December 2, 2008. Retrieved on December 2, 2008.
37. ^ [1]^{[dead link]}
38. ^ "Iraqi PM sees decline in Baghdad attacks". MSNBC. Retrieved 2007-11-25. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
39. ^ "U.N. reports cholera outbreak in northern Iraq". CNN. Retrieved 2007-08-30. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
40. ^ "US Department of Energy Information Administration".
41. ^ "US Department of Energy Information Administration".
42. ^ Wagner, Thomas, (October 25, 2005), "Iraq's Constitution Adopted by Voters", ABC News. Retrieved September 17, 2006.
43. ^ "US-Iraq SOFA" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-12-18.
44. ^ "Strategic Framework Agreement" (PDF). p. 8. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
45. ^ Bohsem, Guido & Somerville, Glen, (November 20, 2004), "G7, Paris Club Agree on Iraq Debt Relief", Reuters. Retrieved September 17, 2006.
46. ^ ^{a b c} "CIA World Factbook". April 15, 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
47. ^ "BBC News - Iraq's 'devastated' Marsh Arabs". March 3, 2003. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
48. ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118238/Circassian
49. ^ http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/12785/chechens_in_the_middle_east.html
50. ^ "Field Listing - Religions". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
51. ^ "Iraqis By the Numbers" by FARUQ ZIADA [2]
52. ^ Map on the distribution of religious groups, from the Baker-Hamilton Committee report, page 102.
53. Boston Globe
    , November 3, 2006.
54. ^ Ann McFeatters: Iraq refugees find no refuge in America. Seattle Post-Intelligencer, May 25, 2007.
55. ^ "Warnings of Iraq refugee crisis". BBC News. 2007-01-22. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
56. ^ "Iraq Situation Map" (PDF).
57. ^ "A displacement crisis". March 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
58. ^ "40% of middle class believed to have fled crumbling nation".
59. ^ "Doors closing on fleeing Iraqis".
60. ^ "Plight of Iraqi refugees worsens as Syria, Jordan impose restrictions".
61. ^ "Iraqi refugees start to head home" (PDF).

Further reading

• Interview with Refugees International's Sean Garcia on the plight of hundreds of thousands of Iraqi refugees [3]
• Shadid, Anthony 2005. Night Draws Near. Henry Holt and Co., NY, U.S. ISBN 0-8050-7602-6
• Hanna Batatu, "The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq", Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978
• A Dweller in Mesopotamia, being the adventures of an official artist in the garden of Eden, by Donald Maxwell, 1921. (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF format)
• By Desert Ways to Baghdad, by Louisa Jebb (Mrs. Roland Wilkins) With illustrations and a map, 1908 (1909 ed). (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF format)

External links

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Government

• Iraqi Presidency Website http://www.iraqipresidency.net
• Iraqi Government Website http://www.cabinet.iq
• Iraqi Parliament Website http://www.parliament.iq
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs http://www.mofa.gov.iq
• Ministry of Defense http://www.iraqmod.org
• Ministry of Oil http://www.oil.gov.iq
• Ministry of Trade http://www.mot.gov.iq
• Ministry of Industry http://www.industry.gov.iq
• Ministry of Higher Education http://www.mohesr.gov.iq
• Ministry of health http://www.moh.gov.iq
• Chief of State and Cabinet Members
• Kurdistan Regional Government
• New Iraqi government structure (PDF) (As of July 17, 2006)

General information

• "Iraq". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
• Iraq at UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Iraq at
  Curlie
• Iraq from al-Bab
• Country Profile from BBC News
• Iraq from
  Encyclopaedia Britannica
• Iraq from
  Encarta Encyclopedia
• Iraq Country Profile from Reuters AlertNet
• US State Department - Iraq includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
• Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Iraq
• Country Briefing: Iraq from The Economist
• Energy Information Administration - Energy Profile of Iraq

News media

• Focus on Iraq Daily News on Iraq
• Iraq News and Iraqi views from Electronic Iraq
• News in Depth from the Financial Times
• Diplomacy Monitor-Iraq
• IPS Inter Press Service Independent news about Iraq
• Iraqis react with joy, anger to Hussein death sentence CNN story on Hussein's
  death sentence
• Hometown Baghdad Documentary series shot by an all-Iraqi crew. Tells the stories of three young people trying to survive in Baghdad.

Other

• Wikimedia Atlas of Iraq
• Operation Iraqi Children
• Iraq Image, a cultural resource on Iraq cities and locations
• Iraqi Truth Project
• Juan Cole, a leading scholar and public intellectual
• The Ground Truth Project -- A series of exclusive interviews and other resources capturing the voices of Iraqis, aid workers, military personnel and others who have spent significant time on-the-ground in Iraq.
• Template:Wikitravel
• The World Monuments Fund's Iraq Cultural Heritage Conservation Initiative
• Education for Peace in Iraq Center (EPIC) -- A Washington DC-based
  nonprofit organization
  promoting a free and secure Iraq
• Amnesty International Report on Iraq
• Internal Displacement in Iraq - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
• Coalition Provisional Authority Now-defunct occupation authority; site is archived
• Iraq Law from the University of Pittsburgh’s Jurist project
• 1900–2000 a history of Iraq
• US Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq
• Iraqi Familiarization Guide - (546 kilobyte PDF file)
• Short Guide to Iraq (WWII U.S. Military Guide)
• Charity Helping the People of Iraq
• IraqLinks.com - The Iraq Guide