New York City: Difference between revisions
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*{{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[China]] |
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*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]] |
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*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]] |
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]] |
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*{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Limerick]], [[Ireland]] |
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*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[London]], [[UK]] |
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[London]], [[UK]] |
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*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] |
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*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Rome]], [[Italy]] |
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Rome]], [[Italy]] |
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*{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santo Domingo]], [[Dominican Republic]] |
*{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santo Domingo]], [[Dominican Republic]] |
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*{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] |
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*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Toronto]], [[Canada]] |
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*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] |
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see under [http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/about/main.shtml www.nyc.gov] |
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And friendship links with: |
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*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Swansea]], [[UK]] |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
Revision as of 00:02, 1 September 2006
Template:Redirect4 Template:Infobox New York City New York City (officially City of New York) is the
New York City is an international center for
Popularly known as the "Big Apple", the "City That Never Sleeps", or the "Capital of the World", the city attracts large numbers of immigrants, as well as people from all over the United States who come for its culture, diversity, fast-paced lifestyle, cosmopolitanism, and economic opportunity. The city is also currently distinguished for having the lowest crime rate among major American cities.[4]
History
The region was inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans at the time of its discovery by Italian Giovanni da Verrazzano. Although Verrazzano sailed into New York Harbor, his voyage did not continue upstream and instead he sailed back into the Atlantic. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, that the area was mapped. He discovered Manhattan on September 11 1609, and continued up the river that bears his name, the Hudson River, until he arrived at the site where New York State's capital city, Albany, now stands. The Dutch established New Amsterdam in 1613, which was granted self-government in 1652 under Peter Stuyvesant. The British took the city in September 1664, and renamed it "New York" after the English Duke of York and Albany. The Dutch briefly regained it in August 1673, renaming the city "New Orange," but ceded it permanently in November 1674.
Under British rule the City of New York continued to develop, and while there was growing sentiment in the city for greater political independence, the area was decidedly split in its loyalties during the
New York City was the
A series of new transportation links, most notably the opening of the New York City Subway in 1904, bound together the newly-enlarged city. The height of European immigration brought social upheaval, and the anticapitalist labor union IWW was fiercely repressed. Later, in the 1920s, the city saw the influx of African-Americans as part of the Great Migration from the American South. The Harlem Renaissance blossomed during this period, part of a larger boom in the Prohibition era that saw the city's skyline transformed by construction of the skyscrapers that have come to define New York. New York overtook London as the most populous city in the world in 1925, ending that city's century-old claim to the title.
New York City suffered during the
New York City played a major role in
However, the growth of post-war suburbs saw a slow decline in the city's population. A decline in manufacturing, rising crime rates and white flight pushed New York into a social and economic crisis in the 1970s. [citation needed] These problems plagued the city until the 1990s. Racial tensions calmed in these years; a dramatic fall in crime rates, improvements in quality of life, economic growth and new immigration renewed the city.
The city was one of the sites of the
Geography
New York City is located at the center of the
New York City's significance as a trading city results from the natural harbor formed by Upper New York Bay, which is surrounded by Manhattan, Brooklyn, Staten Island, and the coast of New Jersey. It is sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by the Narrows between Brooklyn and Staten Island in Lower New York Bay.
The
The city's land has been altered considerably by human intervention, with substantial land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times. Reclamation is most notable in Lower Manhattan with modern developments like Battery Park City. Much of the natural variations in topography have been evened out, particularly in Manhattan. One possible meaning for "Manhattan" is "island of hills"; in fact, the island was quite hilly before European settlement.[9]
Boroughs
New York City, officially the "City of New York", is comprised of the
Brooklyn (Kings County, pop. 2,486,235[1]), the most populous borough, was until 1898 an independent city and has a strong native identity. It ranges from a modern business district downtown to large historic residential neighborhoods in the central and south-eastern areas. It also features a long beachfront and Coney Island, famous as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country.
Climate
Although located at a more southern latitude than Italian
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °F (°C) | 72 (22) |
78 (26) |
86 (30) |
96 (36) |
99 (37) |
101 (38) |
106 (41) |
104 (40) |
102 (39) |
94 (34) |
84 (29) |
75 (24) |
106 (41) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 60.4 (15.8) |
60.7 (15.9) |
70.3 (21.3) |
82.9 (28.3) |
88.5 (31.4) |
92.1 (33.4) |
95.7 (35.4) |
93.4 (34.1) |
89.0 (31.7) |
79.7 (26.5) |
70.7 (21.5) |
62.9 (17.2) |
97.0 (36.1) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 39.5 (4.2) |
42.2 (5.7) |
49.9 (9.9) |
61.8 (16.6) |
71.4 (21.9) |
79.7 (26.5) |
84.9 (29.4) |
83.3 (28.5) |
76.2 (24.6) |
64.5 (18.1) |
54.0 (12.2) |
44.3 (6.8) |
62.6 (17.0) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 33.7 (0.9) |
35.9 (2.2) |
42.8 (6.0) |
53.7 (12.1) |
63.2 (17.3) |
72.0 (22.2) |
77.5 (25.3) |
76.1 (24.5) |
69.2 (20.7) |
57.9 (14.4) |
48.0 (8.9) |
39.1 (3.9) |
55.8 (13.2) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 27.9 (−2.3) |
29.5 (−1.4) |
35.8 (2.1) |
45.5 (7.5) |
55.0 (12.8) |
64.4 (18.0) |
70.1 (21.2) |
68.9 (20.5) |
62.3 (16.8) |
51.4 (10.8) |
42.0 (5.6) |
33.8 (1.0) |
48.9 (9.4) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 9.8 (−12.3) |
12.7 (−10.7) |
19.7 (−6.8) |
32.8 (0.4) |
43.9 (6.6) |
52.7 (11.5) |
61.8 (16.6) |
60.3 (15.7) |
50.2 (10.1) |
38.4 (3.6) |
27.7 (−2.4) |
18.0 (−7.8) |
7.7 (−13.5) |
Record low °F (°C) | −6 (−21) |
−15 (−26) |
3 (−16) |
12 (−11) |
32 (0) |
44 (7) |
52 (11) |
50 (10) |
39 (4) |
28 (−2) |
5 (−15) |
−13 (−25) |
−15 (−26) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.64 (92) |
3.19 (81) |
4.29 (109) |
4.09 (104) |
3.96 (101) |
4.54 (115) |
4.60 (117) |
4.56 (116) |
4.31 (109) |
4.38 (111) |
3.58 (91) |
4.38 (111) |
49.52 (1,258) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 8.8 (22) |
10.1 (26) |
5.0 (13) |
0.4 (1.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.5 (1.3) |
4.9 (12) |
29.8 (76) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.8 | 10.0 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 11.4 | 125.4 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 11.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
61.5 | 60.2 | 58.5 | 55.3 | 62.7 | 65.2 | 64.2 | 66.0 | 67.8 | 65.6 | 64.6 | 64.1 | 63.0 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 18.0 (−7.8) |
19.0 (−7.2) |
25.9 (−3.4) |
34.0 (1.1) |
47.3 (8.5) |
57.4 (14.1) |
61.9 (16.6) |
62.1 (16.7) |
55.6 (13.1) |
44.1 (6.7) |
34.0 (1.1) |
24.6 (−4.1) |
40.3 (4.6) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 162.7 | 163.1 | 212.5 | 225.6 | 256.6 | 257.3 | 268.2 | 268.2 | 219.3 | 211.2 | 151.0 | 139.0 | 2,534.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 54 | 55 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 59 | 63 | 59 | 61 | 51 | 48 | 57 |
Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Source 1: | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas[16]. |
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average sea temperature °F (°C) |
41.7 (5.4) |
39.7 (4.3) |
40.2 (4.5) |
45.1 (7.3) |
52.5 (11.4) |
64.5 (18.1) |
72.1 (22.3) |
74.1 (23.4) |
70.1 (21.2) |
63.0 (17.2) |
54.3 (12.4) |
47.2 (8.4) |
55.4 (13.0) |
Environment
New York's population density has environmental benefits and dangers. It facilitates the highest mass transit use in the United States, but also concentrates pollution. Although gasoline consumption in the city is at the rate the national average was in the 1920s,[17] New York City has some of the dirtiest air in the United States. Pollution varies greatly from borough to borough, and residents of Manhattan face the highest risk in the country of developing cancer from chemicals in the air.[18]
Recently, the city has focused on reducing its environmental impact. The city government is required to purchase only the most energy-efficient equipment for use in city offices and public housing.
The city is supplied with water by the vast Catskill Mountains watershed, one of the largest protected wilderness areas in the United States. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration process, New York is the largest city in the United States with drinking water that does not require purification by water treatment plants, and only chlorination is necessary to ensure its purity at the tap.[22]
Government
Since its consolidation in 1898, New York City has been a
The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. 66% of registered voters in the city are Democrats.[23] Party platforms center on affordable housing, education and economic development. Labor politics are important in the city. The city, however, is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States. Four of the top five zip codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top zip code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of both George W. Bush and John Kerry.[24]
The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. New York City receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). The city also sends an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back.[25]
The mayor is Michael Bloomberg, a former Democrat elected as a Republican in 2001 and re-elected in 2005 with 59% of the vote.[26] He is known for taking control of the city's education system from the state, rezoning and economic development, sound fiscal management, and aggressive public health policy. In his second term he has made school reform and strict gun control central priorities of his administration.
As the host of the United Nations, New York City is also home to the world's largest international consular corps, comprising 105 consulates, consulates general and honorary consulates.[27]
Economy
New York City is a major center for international business and commerce and is one of three "command centers" for the global economy (along with London and Tokyo).[28] The city is widely regarded as a financial capital of the world and is a major center for finance, insurance, real estate, media and the arts in the United States. Other important sectors include the city's television and film industry, second largest in the country after Hollywood; medical research and technology; non-profit institutions and universities; and fashion.
The New York metropolitan area had an estimated gross metropolitan product of $901.3 billion in 2004, the largest in the United States. The city's economy accounts for the majority of the economic activity in the states of New Jersey and New York.[29]
The city's stock exchanges are among the most important in the world. The
Creative industries, like new media, advertising, design and architecture account for a growing share of employment. High-tech industries like software development, game design, and Internet services are also growing; because of its position at the terminus of the transatlantic
Manufacturing accounts for a large but declining share of employment. Garments, chemicals, metal products, processed foods, and furniture are some of the principal products.
Demographics
City of New York Population by year [2] | |
---|---|
1790 | 33,131 |
1900 | 3,437,202 |
1950 | 7,891,957 |
1970 | 7,894,862 |
1980 | 7,071,639 |
1990 | 7,322,564 |
2004 | 8,168,338 |
According to 2005 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, there are 8,143,197 people (up from 7.3 million in 1990), 2,984,544 households, and 1,802,009 families residing in the city.[1] This amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. Over the last decade the city has been growing rapidly. Demographers estimate New York's population will reach 9.4 million by 2025.[35]
The two key demographic features of the city are its density and diversity. The city has an extremely high population density of 26,402.9/mi² (10,194.2/km²), about 10,000 more people per square mile than the next densest American city, San Francisco. Manhattan's population density is 66,940.1/mi² (25,845.7/km²).[36]
New York City is exceptionally diverse. Throughout its history the city has been a major point of entry for immigrants; the term "
New York City Compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2000 Census |
NY City | NY State | U.S. |
Total population | 8,008,278 | 18,976,457 | 281,421,906 |
Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000 | +9.4% | +5.5% | +13.1% |
Population density | 26,403/mi² | 402/mi² | 80/mi² |
Median household income (1999) | $38,293 | $43,393 | $41,994 |
Bachelor's degree or higher | 27% | 27% | 24% |
Foreign born | 36% | 20% | 11% |
White | 45% | 62% | 69% |
Black | 27% | 16% | 12% |
Hispanic (any race) | 27% | 15% | 13% |
Asian | 10% | 6% | 4% |
The four largest countries of origin are the Dominican Republic, China, Jamaica, and Russia.
The city and its metropolitan area is home to the largest
Since 1991, New York City has seen a continuous fifteen-year trend of decreasing crime; it is now the safest city in the United States with a population greater than 1,000,000 and the fourth safest among cities with populations over 500,000.
Culture
Writer
Wealthy industrialists in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as Carnegie Hall and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, that became internationally established. Artists are drawn to the city by opportunity, as well; there are 2,000 arts and cultural non-profits and 500 art galleries of all sizes, and the city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the National Endowment for the Arts.[40]
The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theatre productions, and in the 1880s New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began showcasing a new stage form that came to be known as the
The
Tourism
40 million foreign and American tourists visit New York City each year.
New York City has 28,000 acres (113 km²) of parkland and 14 miles (22 km) of public beaches. Manhattan's
New York's food culture, influenced by the city's immigrants and large number of dining patrons, is diverse. Jewish and Italian immigrants made the city famous for
Sports
New York is home to teams in each of the major American professional sports leagues. Baseball is the city's most closely followed sport. There have been fourteen World Series championship series between New York City teams; such matchups are called Subway Series. The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Yankees and the New York Mets, which enjoy a fierce rivalry. The New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers were each originally based in New York City before relocating to California prior to the addition of the Mets. Today they compete as the San Francisco Giants and the Los Angeles Dodgers, respectively.
In basketball New York has one NBA team: the New York Knicks.
In American football the city's teams are the New York Giants and New York Jets, who share a stadium outside the city limits in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The New York Rangers represent the city in ice hockey. The National Hockey League is headquartered in Manhattan.
The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city. The New York Knicks are the city's National Basketball Association team.
As a global city, New York supports many events outside the big four American sports. Examples are the
Media
New York is often called "the media capital of the world". It is home to several of the largest media conglomerates in the world, including
The city is home to two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States: The New York Times (circulation 1.1 million), and the The Wall Street Journal (circulation 2.1 million). Aside from the Times, the other leading papers are New York Daily News (circulation 730,000), and the New York Post (circulation 650,000), which was founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton. The city also has a large ethnic press with newspapers in over twenty languages; El Diario La Prensa (circulation 265,000) is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation.[46]
New York City is the nation's largest metropolitan media market, comprising about 7% of American television-viewing households. The city is the national headquarters of the four major American broadcast
New York City is also the home of
Architecture
The skyline of New York is one of the most recognizable in the world. New York actually has three separately recognizable skylines:
The residential parts of the city have a distinctive character from the skyscrapers of the commercial cores that is defined by the elegant
Transportation
New York City is home to the most complex and extensive transportation network in the United States, with more than 12,000 iconic yellow cabs,
The
Three major airports serve New York City and its surrounding suburbs:
Education
Education in New York City is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions. The city's public school system, the New York City Department of Education, is the largest in the United States, and New York is home to some of the most important libraries, universities, and research centers in the world. The city is particularly known as a center for research in medicine and the life sciences.
New York has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, 40,000 licensed physicians, and 127 Nobel laureates with roots in local institutions. The city receives the second-highest amount of annual funding from the National Institutes of Health among all U.S. cities.[59] It also struggles with disparity in its public school system, with some of the best and worst performing public schools in the United States. Under Mayor Michael Bloomberg the city has embarked on major school reform efforts.
The
The
Gallery
360° Panorama, Manhattan, Empire State Building
-
Times Square-42nd Streetstation entrance.
-
Greenwich Village, Manhattan
-
Brownstones inBedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn.
-
The Cyclone roller coaster on Coney Island
-
TheFlushing Meadows Park, Queens
-
Central Park, Manhattan
-
42nd Street and the Chrysler Building
-
The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor
-
Lower Manhattan skyline from the Staten Island Ferry
-
The Guggenheim on Fifth Avenue
-
Charging Bull sculpture at Bowling Green
Sister Cities
- Beijing, China
- Budapest, Hungary
- Cairo, Egypt
- Jerusalem, Israel
- Johannesburg, South Africa
- UK
- Madrid, Spain
- Rome, Italy
- Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- Tokyo, Japan
see under www.nyc.gov
Further reading
- National Geographic Traveler's Guide to New York City
- Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace (1998), Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, Oxford University Press.
- New York, Little, Brown & Co.
- Federal Writers Project(1939). The WPA Guide to New York City, The New Press (1995 reissue).
- Kenneth T. Jackson (ed.) (1995). The Encyclopedia of New York City, Yale University Press.
- Kenneth T. Jackson and David S. Dunbar (eds.) (2005), Empire City: New York Through the Centuries, Columbia University Press.
- E. B. White (1949). Here is New York, Little Bookroom (2000 reissue).
- Colson Whitehead (2003). The Colossus of New York: A City in 13 Parts, Doubleday.
- E. Porter Belden (1849). New York, Past, Present, and Future: Comprising a History of the City of New York, a Description of its Present Condition, and an Estimate of its Future Increase, New York, G.P. Putnam. from Google Books
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g U.S. Census Bureau, "Residential Population and Components of Change New York State and Counties, April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005." Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
- ^ New York City Land Use - New York City's total area is 468.9 mi². 159.88 mi² of this is water and 321 mi² is land.
- ^ U.S. Census Bureau, "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2004" (CBSA-EST2004-01) Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
- ^ "NYC Is Safest City as Crime Rises in U.S., FBI Say." Bloomberg News 12 June 2006.[1]
- ^ Burrows and Wallace (1998).
- ^ Burns, Ric (2003-08-22). "Transcript". The Center of the World - New York: A Documentary Film. PBS. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Dunlap, David W. (2004-01-01). "Blocks; Capturing the Spirit of 1776, but With a Different Number". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
area
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Lopate, Phillip (2004). Waterfront: a walk around Manhattan. Anchor Press.
- ^ Toop, David (1992). Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop. Serpents Tail.
- ^ O'Donnell, Michelle (2006-07-04). "In Queens, It's the Glorious 4th, and 6th, and 16th, and 25th..." New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}
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and|date=
(help) - ^ Belvedere Castle at NYC Parks
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
- ^ "New York Central Park, NY Climate Normals 1961−1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- ^ a b "New York, New York, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ISBN 0762738359.
- ^ "1999 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment". Environmental Protection Agency. 2006-02. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Depalma, Anthony (2005-12-11). "It Never Sleeps, but It's Learned to Douse the Lights". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ Metropolitan Transportation AuthorityDifferent Buses for Different Jobs, retrieved on 2006-07-19 and "New York City's Yellow Cabs Go Green". Sierra Club press release. 2005-07-01. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ a b Pogrebin, Robin (2006-04-16). "7 World Trade Center and Hearst Building: New York's Test Cases for Environmentally Aware Office Towers". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "2005 Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report". City of New York Department of Environmental Protection. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "County enrollment totals". New York State Board of Elections. 2006-04-01. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "2006 election overview: top zip codes". opensecrets.org. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ New York City Finance Division (2005-03-11). "A Fair Share of State Budget: Does Albany Play Fair with NYC?". Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "Statement and return report for certification: General Election 2005" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. 2005-11-08. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ Society of Foreign Consuls, About us. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
- ^ Sassen, Saskia (2001). The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (2nd edition ed.). Princeton University Press.
{{cite book}}
:|edition=
has extra text (help) - ^ "The role of metro areas in the U.S. economy" (PDF). Global Insight. 2006-01-13. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ McGeehan, Patrick (2006-07-03). "Top executives return offices to Manhattan". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-12.
- ^ "Keeping the Economy Growing". Gotham Gazette. 2006-01-23. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "Telecommunications and Economic Development in New York City: A Plan for Action" (PDF). New York City Economic Development Corporation. 2005-03. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Protecting and growing New York City's industrial job base" (PDF). The Mayor's Office for Industrial and Manufacturing Business. 2005-01. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Century, Douglas (1999-03-12). "My Brooklyn; Still a Contender on the Waterfront". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ Roberts, Sam (2006-02-19). "By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ a b c "Census 2000 Data for the State of New York", U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas (2006-01-18). "If Irish Claim Nobility, Science May Approve". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-16.
- ^ The 2000 U.S. Census recorded 25,906 gay households in New York City, or about 52,000 people, three times larger than was reported in 1990 but significantly less than other estimates. Demographers suggest Census methodology undercounts the actual number. Beveridge, Andrew (2001-07). "Counting Gay New York". Gotham Gazette. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ 2005 Ten Safest Big Cities
- ^ "Creative New York" (PDF). Center for an Urban Future. 2005-12. Retrieved 2006-06-19.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ "NYC Statistics". NYC & Company. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
- ^ "City Park Facts". The Trust for Public Land, Center for City Park Excellence. June 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ Bleyer, Jennifer (2006-05-14). "Kebabs on the Night Shift". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19. Collins, Glenn (2005-11-03). "Michelin Takes On the City, Giving Some a Bad Taste". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ Ivry, Sara (2005-12-26). "Since Riders Had No Subways, Commuter Papers Struggled, Too". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "Media and entertainment". New York City Economic Development Corporation. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "eCirc". Audit Bureau of Circulations. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "2005 is banner year for production in New York". The Mayor's Office of Film, Theater and Broadcasting. 2005-12-28. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ WNYC. "WNYC, New York Public Radio: An Overview". Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ B. Diamonstein–Spielvoegel (2005). The Landmarks of New York. Monacelli Press.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) See also the WPA Guide to New York City. - ^ "The State of the NYC Taxi" (PDF). New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. Retrieved 2006-08-02.
- ^ Schaller, Bruce (2006-06). "Biking It". Gotham Gazette. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
- ^ a b Highlights of the 2001 National Household Travel Survey. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 2001. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
- ^ "U.S. Cities' Preparedness for an Oil Crisis". SustainLane. 2006-03. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ "The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 2006-07-19. "About the MTA Long Island Rail Road". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 2006-07-19. In addition to the MTA lines, NJ Transit also operates four lines terminating in New York City.
- ^ More than half a million people pass through Grand Central, the main terminus for the Metro North rail system, each day. Grand Central Terminal Page. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Penn Station, the main station for New York's intercity trains and the regional Long Island Railroad, is Amtrak's busiest station. nationalatlas.gov Amtrak facts. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
- ^ "Port Authority Bus Terminal". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "Port Authority Airports set all-time Record for Passenger Traffic in 2005". NYC & Company. 2006-01-06. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
- ^ "Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Economic Development Corporation President Andrew M. Alper Unveil Plans to Develop Commercial Bioscience Center in Manhattan". New York City press release. 2004-11-18. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
External links
- NYC.gov - official website of the city
- History: Forgotten NY, Origins of New York, Placematters
- A few Old Postcards of NYC
- Maps: A9, Google, NYC.com, hot-maps
- Photos/Photoblogs: Citynoise, NYC Addict, Panoramas NewYorkDailyPhoto
- Travel: Template:Wikitravel, Exploring New York City
- Virtual tours: Virtual NYC tour, NY Songlines
- Wikis: Wikicities, NYCity MediaWiki
Template:USLargestCities Template:USCapital
40°43′N 74°00′W / 40.717°N 74.000°W
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