TAS1R3
| TAS1R3 | |||
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Gene ontology | |||
| Molecular function | |||
| Cellular component | |||
| Biological process | |||
| Sources:Amigo / QuickGO | |||
Ensembl | |||||||||
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| RefSeq (protein) | |||||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 1: 1.33 – 1.34 Mb | Chr 4: 155.94 – 155.95 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
| View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Taste receptor type 1 member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R3 gene.[5][6] The TAS1R3 gene encodes the human homolog of mouse Sac taste receptor, a major determinant of differences between sweet-sensitive and -insensitive mouse strains in their responsiveness to sucrose, saccharin, and other sweeteners.[6][7]
Structure
The protein encoded by the TAS1R3 gene is a
sweet taste receptor TAS1R2+3. This receptor is formed as a protein dimer with either TAS1R1 or TAS1R2.[8]
Experiments have also shown that a homo-dimer of TAS1R3 is also sensitive to natural sugar substances. This has been hypothesized as the mechanism by which sugar substitutes do not have the same taste qualities as natural sugars.[9][10]
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Ligands
The
G protein-coupled receptors
for sweet and umami taste are formed by dimers of the TAS1R proteins.
The TAS1R1+3 taste receptor is sensitive to the guanidinoacetic acid.[8]
Signal transduction
G protein-coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclases to decrease cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in taste receptors.[13] The TAS1R3 protein, however, has been shown in vitro to couple with Gα subunits at a much lower rate than the other TAS1R proteins. While the protein structures of the TAS1R proteins are similar, this experiment shows that the G protein-coupling properties of TAS1R3 may be less important in the transduction of taste signals than the TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 proteins.[12]
Location and innervation
TAS1R1+3 expressing cells are found in
foliate papillae near the back of the tongue and palate taste receptor cells in the roof of the mouth.[8] These cells are shown to synapse upon the glossopharyngeal nerves to send their signals to the brain.[14][15] TAS1R and TAS2R (bitter) channels are not expressed together in any taste buds.[8]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169962 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029072 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- S2CID 21010650.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: TAS1R3 taste receptor, type 1, member 3".
- PMID 11555487.
- ^ S2CID 11886074.
- S2CID 11773362.
- .
- ^ S2CID 1730089.
- ^ S2CID 29736077.
- S2CID 2704640.
- PMID 2721271.
- PMID 12617752.
Further reading
- Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS (2007). "The receptors and cells for mammalian taste". Nature. 444 (7117): 288–94. S2CID 4431221.
- Max M, Shanker YG, Huang L, Rong M, Liu Z, Campagne F, et al. (2001). "Tas1r3, encoding a new candidate taste receptor, is allelic to the sweet responsiveness locus Sac". Nat. Genet. 28 (1): 58–63. PMID 11326277.
- Nelson G, Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, Feng L, Zhao G, Ryba NJ, et al. (2002). "An amino-acid taste receptor". Nature. 416 (6877): 199–202. S2CID 1730089.
- Li X, Staszewski L, Xu H, Durick K, Zoller M, Adler E (2002). "Human receptors for sweet and umami taste". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (7): 4692–6. PMID 11917125.
- Spadaccini R, Trabucco F, Saviano G, Picone D, Crescenzi O, Tancredi T, et al. (2003). "The mechanism of interaction of sweet proteins with the T1R2-T1R3 receptor: evidence from the solution structure of G16A-MNEI". J. Mol. Biol. 328 (3): 683–92. PMID 12706725.
- Ariyasu T, Matsumoto S, Kyono F, Hanaya T, Arai S, Ikeda M, et al. (2004). "Taste receptor T1R3 is an essential molecule for the cellular recognition of the disaccharide trehalose". In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 39 (1–2): 80–8. S2CID 13071416.
- Jiang P, Ji Q, Liu Z, Snyder LA, Benard LM, Margolskee RF, et al. (2004). "The cysteine-rich region of T1R3 determines responses to intensely sweet proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (43): 45068–75. PMID 15299024.
- Xu H, Staszewski L, Tang H, Adler E, Zoller M, Li X (2005). "Different functional roles of T1R subunits in the heteromeric taste receptors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (39): 14258–63. PMID 15353592.
- Taniguchi K (2005). "Expression of the sweet receptor protein, T1R3, in the human liver and pancreas". J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66 (11): 1311–4. PMID 15585941.
- Jiang P, Cui M, Zhao B, Liu Z, Snyder LA, Benard LM, et al. (2005). "Lactisole interacts with the transmembrane domains of human T1R3 to inhibit sweet taste". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (15): 15238–46. PMID 15668251.
- Galindo-Cuspinera V, Winnig M, Bufe B, Meyerhof W, Breslin PA (2006). "A TAS1R receptor-based explanation of sweet 'water-taste'". Nature. 441 (7091): 354–7. S2CID 291228.
- Behrens M, Bartelt J, Reichling C, Winnig M, Kuhn C, Meyerhof W (2006). "Members of RTP and REEP gene families influence functional bitter taste receptor expression". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (29): 20650–9. PMID 16720576.
- Koizumi A, Nakajima K, Asakura T, Morita Y, Ito K, Shmizu-Ibuka A, et al. (2007). "Taste-modifying sweet protein, neoculin, is received at human T1R3 amino terminal domain". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 358 (2): 585–9. PMID 17499612.
- Mosinger B, Redding KM, Parker MR, Yevshayeva V, Yee KK, Dyomina K, et al. (2013). "Genetic loss or pharmacological blockade of testes-expressed taste genes causes male sterility". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (30): 12319–24. PMID 23818598.
External links
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.