Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives
| Voiced alveolar lateral fricative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɮ | |||
IPA Number | 149 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
|
help | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɮ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+026E | ||
| X-SAMPA | K\ | ||
| Braille |    | ||
| |||
The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ⟨ɮ⟩ (sometimes referred to as lezh), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K\.
Features
Features of the voiced alveolar lateral fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its .
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- The intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
Dental or denti-alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amis | Kangko accent | Interdental [ɮ̪͆] | |||
Alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | къалэ | ⓘ | 'town' | Can also be pronounced as [ l ]
| |
| Arabic | Classical Arabic | الأَرضِ | ⓘ | 'the earth' | |
| Bura[1] | [ example needed ]
|
Contrasts with [ | |||
| English | South African | ibandla | [iˈbaːnɮa] | 'meeting of a Nguni chief or community' | Only found in Zulu loan words in South African English. |
| Kabardian | блы | ⓘ | 'seven' | Can also be pronounced as [ l ]
| |
| Ket | олын | [ɔɮɨn] | 'nose' | Can also be pronounced as [ l ]
| |
| Moloko[2] | zlan | [ɮàŋ] | 'start, begin' | Contrasts with [ l] and [ʒ ]
| |
| Mongolian | монгол | [mɔɴɢɔ̆ɮ] | ' Mongol '
|
Sometimes realized as [ ɬ ]
| |
| Sassarese | caldhu | ⓘ | 'hot' | ||
| Tera[3] | dlepti | [ɮè̞pti] | 'planting' | Contrasts with both [ l ]
| |
| Zulu[4] | ukudla
|
[úɠù:ɮá] | 'to eat' | Contrasts with both [ l]; realized as [dɮ ] after nasals
| |
In addition, a
d̪ˤ
].
Related characters
There are several Unicode characters based on lezh (ɮ):
- U+1079E 𐞞 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH is a superscript IPA letter[5]
- U+1079F 𐞟 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is a superscript IPA letter[5]
- U+1DF05 𝼅 LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is an extension to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA)[5][6]
Notation
In 1938, a symbol shaped similarly to
Kiel Convention.[7] Despite the Association's prescription, ⟨ɮ⟩ is nonetheless seen in literature from the 1960s to the 1980s.[8][9][10][11][12]
See also
- Index of phonetics articles
- Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
- Ḍād
Notes
- ^ a b Grønnum (2005), pp. 154–155.
- ^ Friesen (2017), p. 49.
- ^ Tench (2007), p. 228.
- ^ Poulos (1998), p. 548.
- ^ a b c Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF).
- ^ Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF).
- ^ Wells, John (3 November 2006). "The symbol ɮ". John Wells’s phonetic blog. Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ Newman, Paul (1964). "A word list of Tera". Journal of West African Languages. 1 (2): 33–50.
- ^ Catford, J. C.; Ladefoged, Peter (1968). Working Papers in Phonetics 11: Practical Phonetic Exercises. University of California, Los Angeles.
- ISBN 0-521-21100-X.
- ISBN 0-226-46787-2.
- ISBN 0-316-54238-5.
References
- Friesen, Isaac (2017), A grammar of Moloko (1st ed.), Language Science Press
- Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), Blackwell
- Poulos, George; Msimang, Christian T. (1998), A Linguistic Analysis of Zulu (1st ed.), Via Afrika
- Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234,
External links
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