EA-4056

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EA-4056
Names
IUPAC name
1,9-Bis[methyl-2(3-dimethylcarbamoxypyridyl)methylamino]nonane dimethobromide
Preferred IUPAC name
N1,N9-Bis({3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy]pyridin-2-yl}methyl)-N1,N1,N9,N9-tetramethylnonane-1,9-bis(aminium) dibromide
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
  • InChI=1S/C31H52N6O4.2BrH/c1-34(2)30(38)40-28-18-16-20-32-26(28)24-36(5,6)22-14-12-10-9-11-13-15-23-37(7,8)25-27-29(19-17-21-33-27)41-31(39)35(3)4;;/h16-21H,9-15,22-25H2,1-8H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
    Key: AQIHLGWYYFRMKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  • [Br-].[Br-].CN(C)C(=O)Oc1cccnc1C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)Cc2ncccc2OC(=O)N(C)C
Properties
C31H52N6O4 · Br2
Molar mass 732.6 g/mol
Appearance crystalline solid
Melting point 100–105 °C
Solubility soluble in water and alcohols
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
11 µg/kg for mice and 2.7 µg/kg for rabbits via IV
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

EA-4056 is a deadly

muscle cells. This paralyzes the muscles by preventing their relaxation. The paralyzed muscles includes the muscles used for breathing.[2]

Patent assigned to US Army for EA-4056 among other similar nerve agents was filed in December 7, 1967.[3]

Lethality

Carbamates like EA-4056 are well absorbed by the lungs, gastrointestinal tracts, and the skin.

symptoms from exposure to such carbamates are similar to other nerve agents. In general their penetration through the blood-brain barrier is difficult due to quaternary nitrogens in these molecules.[4] Despite this, EA-4056 is claimed to be about three times more toxic than VX (another nerve agent).[1] For VX, the median lethal dose (LD50) for 70 kg men via exposure to the skin is estimated to be 10 mg, and the lethal concentration time (LCt50), measuring the concentration of the vapor per length of time exposed, is estimated to be 30–50 mg·min/m3.[5] These values for EA-4056 can be estimated to be 3.3 mg and 10–16.7 mg·min/m3 by division
.

Intravenous LD50 for EA-4056 is 0.0011 mg/kg for mice and 0.0027 mg/kg for rabbits.[3]

Properties

EA-4056's CAS is 110913-96-7, mass 732.6 g/mol, melting point 100–105 °C, and it is soluble in water and alcohols. It is a crystalline solid.[1] EA-4056 evaporates slowly in to the air; thus it can be classified as being extremely persistent in the environment if any possible effects of external factors like sun light and water (air humidity) upon it are neglected. Various other salts than just bromine salts have been reported.[1]

Synthesis

2-dimethylaminomethyl-3-dimethylcarbamoxypyridine precursor is prepared. It is made via

isopropyl, butyl and benzyl groups.[6]

2

1,9-dibromononane in this case) in acetonitrile is heated on a steam bath for 6 hours. It is then allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. The crystalline product is collected by filtration and then triturated with acetone. If no solid separates, ethyl acetate is added to precipitate the crude product. The product is then dissolved in hot ethanol and treated with decolorizing charcoal. Ethyl acetate is added to the filtered solution to precipitate the crystalline product. E-4056 product is then collected and dried. Yield is 95%.[3][6]

Other stable salts of EA-4056 than bromide can be made such as sulfate, nitrate, hydrogen, oxalate and perchlorate. Other α,ω-dihaloalkanes can be used to obtain similar molecules with different carbon chain lengths.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^
    OCLC 82473582
    .
  2. PMID 24179466
    .
  3. ^ a b c US patent 04512246, Harold Z. Sommer, Havre De Grace, John Krenzer, Oak Park, Omer O. Owens, Jacob I. Miller, "Chemical agents", issued 1987-06-30, assigned to US Secretary of Army 
  4. OCLC 433545336
    .
  5. ^ FAS Staff (2013). "Types of Chemical Weapons: Nerve Agents [Table. Toxicological Data]". Washington, DC: Federation of American Scientists [FAS]. Archived from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  6. ^ a b c US patent 4677204A, Harold Z. Sommer, Havre de Grace, Omer O. Owens, "Chemical agents", issued 1987-06-30, assigned to US Secretary of Army 
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