Isotopes of palladium
(Redirected from
Palladium-106
)
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Natural
u
(91Pd) to 128.96 u (129Pd). Most of these have half-lives that are less than a half an hour except 101Pd (half-life: 8.47 hours), 109Pd (half-life: 13.7 hours), and 112Pd (half-life: 21 hours).
The primary
decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 106Pd, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay product before 106Pd is rhodium and the primary product after is silver
.
nucleosynthetic event. 107Pd versus Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since accretion of the Solar System, must reflect the presence of short-lived nuclides in the early Solar System.[5]
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Daughter isotope [n 6] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
91Pd | 46 | 45 | 90.94911(61)# | 10# ms [>1.5 µs] | β+ | 91Rh | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||
92Pd | 46 | 46 | 91.94042(54)# | 1.1(3) s [0.7(+4−2) s] | β+ | 92Rh | 0+ | ||||||||||||
93Pd | 46 | 47 | 92.93591(43)# | 1.07(12) s | β+ | 93Rh | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
93mPd | 0+X keV | 9.3(+25−17) s | |||||||||||||||||
94Pd | 46 | 48 | 93.92877(43)# | 9.0(5) s | β+ | 94Rh | 0+ | ||||||||||||
94mPd | 4884.4(5) keV | 530(10) ns | (14+) | ||||||||||||||||
95Pd | 46 | 49 | 94.92469(43)# | 10# s | β+ | 95Rh | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
95mPd | 1860(500)# keV | 13.3(3) s | β+ (94.1%) | 95Rh | (21/2+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (5%)
|
95Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (.9%) | 94Ru | ||||||||||||||||||
96Pd | 46 | 50 | 95.91816(16) | 122(2) s | β+ | 96Rh | 0+ | ||||||||||||
96mPd | 2530.8(1) keV | 1.81(1) µs | 8+ | ||||||||||||||||
97Pd | 46 | 51 | 96.91648(32) | 3.10(9) min | β+ | 97Rh | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
98Pd | 46 | 52 | 97.912721(23) | 17.7(3) min | β+ | 98Rh | 0+ | ||||||||||||
99Pd | 46 | 53 | 98.911768(16) | 21.4(2) min | β+ | 99Rh | (5/2)+ | ||||||||||||
100Pd | 46 | 54 | 99.908506(12) | 3.63(9) d | EC | 100Rh | 0+ | ||||||||||||
101Pd | 46 | 55 | 100.908289(19) | 8.47(6) h | β+ | 101Rh | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
102Pd | 46 | 56 | 101.905609(3) | Observationally Stable[n 8]
|
0+ | 0.0102(1) | |||||||||||||
103Pd[n 9] | 46 | 57 | 102.906087(3) | 16.991(19) d | EC | 103Rh | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
103mPd | 784.79(10) keV | 25(2) ns | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||||
104Pd | 46 | 58 | 103.904036(4) | Stable | 0+ | 0.1114(8) | |||||||||||||
105Pd[n 10] | 46 | 59 | 104.905085(4) | Stable | 5/2+ | 0.2233(8) | |||||||||||||
106Pd[n 10] | 46 | 60 | 105.903486(4) | Stable | 0+ | 0.2733(3) | |||||||||||||
107Pd[n 11] | 46 | 61 | 106.905133(4) | 6.5(3)×106 y | β− | 107Ag | 5/2+ | trace[n 12] | |||||||||||
107m1Pd | 115.74(12) keV | 0.85(10) µs | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
107m2Pd | 214.6(3) keV | 21.3(5) s | IT | 107Pd | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
108Pd[n 10] | 46 | 62 | 107.903892(4) | Stable | 0+ | 0.2646(9) | |||||||||||||
109Pd[n 10] | 46 | 63 | 108.905950(4) | 13.7012(24) h | β− | 109mAg | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
109m1Pd | 113.400(10) keV | 380(50) ns | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
109m2Pd | 188.990(10) keV | 4.696(3) min | IT | 109Pd | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
110Pd[n 10] | 46 | 64 | 109.905153(12) | Observationally Stable[n 13] | 0+ | 0.1172(9) | |||||||||||||
111Pd | 46 | 65 | 110.907671(12) | 23.4(2) min | β− | 111mAg | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
111mPd | 172.18(8) keV | 5.5(1) h | IT | 111Pd | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
β− | 111mAg | ||||||||||||||||||
112Pd | 46 | 66 | 111.907314(19) | 21.03(5) h | β− | 112Ag | 0+ | ||||||||||||
113Pd | 46 | 67 | 112.91015(4) | 93(5) s | β− | 113mAg | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
113mPd | 81.1(3) keV | 0.3(1) s | IT | 113Pd | (9/2−) | ||||||||||||||
114Pd | 46 | 68 | 113.910363(25) | 2.42(6) min | β− | 114Ag | 0+ | ||||||||||||
115Pd | 46 | 69 | 114.91368(7) | 25(2) s | β− | 115mAg | (5/2+)# | ||||||||||||
115mPd | 89.18(25) keV | 50(3) s | β− (92%) | 115Ag | (11/2−)# | ||||||||||||||
IT (8%) | 115Pd | ||||||||||||||||||
116Pd | 46 | 70 | 115.91416(6) | 11.8(4) s | β− | 116Ag | 0+ | ||||||||||||
117Pd | 46 | 71 | 116.91784(6) | 4.3(3) s | β− | 117mAg | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
117mPd | 203.2(3) keV | 19.1(7) ms | IT | 117Pd | (11/2−)# | ||||||||||||||
118Pd | 46 | 72 | 117.91898(23) | 1.9(1) s | β− | 118Ag | 0+ | ||||||||||||
119Pd | 46 | 73 | 118.92311(32)# | 0.92(13) s | β− | 119Ag | |||||||||||||
120Pd | 46 | 74 | 119.92469(13) | 0.5(1) s | β− | 120Ag | 0+ | ||||||||||||
121Pd | 46 | 75 | 120.92887(54)# | 285 ms | β− | 121Ag | |||||||||||||
122Pd | 46 | 76 | 121.93055(43)# | 175 ms [>300 ns] | β− | 122Ag | 0+ | ||||||||||||
123Pd | 46 | 77 | 122.93493(64)# | 108 ms | β− | 123Ag | |||||||||||||
124Pd | 46 | 78 | 123.93688(54)# | 38 ms | β− | 124Ag | 0+ | ||||||||||||
125Pd[6] | 46 | 79 | 57 ms | β− | 125Ag | ||||||||||||||
126Pd[7][8] | 46 | 80 | 48.6 ms | β− | 126Ag | 0+ | |||||||||||||
126m1Pd | 2023 keV | 330 ns | IT | 126Pd | 5− | ||||||||||||||
126m2Pd | 2110 keV | 440 ns | IT | 126m1Pd | 7− | ||||||||||||||
127Pd | 46 | 81 | 38 ms | β− | 127Ag | ||||||||||||||
128Pd[7][8] | 46 | 82 | 35 ms | β− | 128Ag | 0+ | |||||||||||||
128mPd | 2151 keV | 5.8 µs | IT | 128Pd | 8+ | ||||||||||||||
129Pd | 46 | 83 | 31 ms | β− | 129Ag | ||||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mPd – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition
p: Proton emission - ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ Believed to decay by β+β+ to 102Ru
- ^ Used in medicine
- ^ Fission product
- ^ Long-lived fission product
- Cosmogenicnuclide, also found as nuclear contamination
- ^ Believed to decay by β−β− to 110Cd with a half-life over 6×1017 years
Palladium-103
Palladium-103 is a
.Palladium-107
Nuclide | t1⁄2
|
Yield | Q[a 1] | βγ
|
---|---|---|---|---|
( Ma )
|
(%)[a 2] | ( keV )
|
||
99Tc | 0.211 | 6.1385 | 294 | β |
126Sn
|
0.230 | 0.1084 | 4050[a 3] | βγ |
79Se | 0.327 | 0.0447 | 151 | β |
135Cs
|
1.33 | 6.9110[a 4] | 269 | β |
93Zr
|
1.53 | 5.4575 | 91 | βγ |
107Pd
|
6.5 | 1.2499 | 33 | β |
129I | 15.7 | 0.8410 | 194 | βγ |
Palladium-107 is the second-longest lived (
107Ag
, which is stable.
Its yield from
actinides
[which?] will produce palladium-107 at higher yields.
One source[10] estimates that palladium produced from fission contains the isotopes 104Pd (16.9%),105Pd (29.3%), 106Pd (21.3%), 107Pd (17%), 108Pd (11.7%) and 110Pd (3.8%). According to another source, the proportion of 107Pd is 9.2% for palladium from thermal neutron fission of 235U, 11.8% for 233U, and 20.4% for 239Pu (and the 239Pu yield of palladium is about 10 times that of 235U).
Because of this dilution and because 105Pd has 11 times the
neutron absorption cross section, 107Pd is not amenable to disposal by nuclear transmutation. However, as a noble metal
, palladium is not as mobile in the environment as iodine or technetium.
References
- Patent application for Palladium-103 implantable radiation-delivery device[permanent dead link] (accessed 12/7/05)
- .
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Palladium". CIAAW. 1979.
- ISSN 1365-3075.
- .
- ^ J. H. Chen; G. J. Wasserburg (1990). "The isotopic composition of Ag in meteorites and the presence of 107Pd in protoplanets". .
- ^ Future Plan of the Experimental Program on Synthesizing the Heaviest Element at RIKEN, Kosuke Morita Archived September 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ PMID 24160593.
- ^ a b "Experiments on neutron-rich atomic nuclei could help scientists to understand nuclear reactions in exploding stars". phys.org. 2013-11-29.
- ^ a b Winter, Mark. "Isotopes of palladium". WebElements. The University of Sheffield and WebElements Ltd, UK. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ R. P. Bush (1991). "Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from High Level Radioactive Waste" (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 35 (4): 202–208. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- .
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". .
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.