Monoamine reuptake inhibitor

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A monoamine reuptake inhibitor (MRI)[1] is a drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor of one or more of the three major monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by blocking the action of one or more of the respective monoamine transporters (MATs), which include the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT). This in turn results in an increase in the synaptic concentrations of one or more of these neurotransmitters and therefore an increase in monoaminergic neurotransmission.

Uses

The majority of currently approved

drug laws; a prime example of such is the mixed monoamine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent mephedrone.[6]

Types of MRIs

There are a variety of different kinds of MRIs, of which include the following:

Binding profiles

See also: Monoamine releasing agent § Activity profiles
Binding profiles of MRIs at human MATs[7]
Compound SERTTooltip Serotonin transporter NETTooltip Norepinephrine transporter DATTooltip Dopamine transporter Type Class
Amfonelic acid ND ND 207 DRI Stimulant
Amineptine*[8][9] >100,000 (rat) 10,000 (rat) 1,000–1,400 (rat) DRI Stimulant
Amitriptyline 4.30 35 3,250 SNRI TCA
Amoxapine 58 16.0 4,310 SNRI TeCA
Amphetamine >100,000 ND ND NDRA Stimulant
  
D-Amphetamine
 >100,000 530 2,900 NDRA Stimulant
  
L-Amphetamine
 >100,000 ND ND NRA Stimulant
Atomoxetine 77 5 1,451 NRI Stimulant
Bupropion 9,100 52,000 520 NDRI Stimulant
Butriptyline 1,360 5,100 3,940 N/A (IA) TCA
Chlorphenamine 15.2 1,440 1,060 SRI Antihistamine
Citalopram 1.16 4,070 28,100 SRI SSRI
  Escitalopram[10] 1.1 7,841 27,410 SRI SSRI
Clomipramine 0.28 38 2,190 SNRI TCA
Cocaethylene[11] 3,878 >10,000 555 SDRI Stimulant
Cocaine[11] 304 779 478 SNDRI Stimulant
Cocaine[12] 313±17 (IC50) 292±34 (IC50) 211±19 (IC50) SNDRI Stimulant
Desipramine 17.6 0.83 3,190 SNRI TCA
Desmethylcitalopram 3.6 1,820 18,300 SRI SSRI
Desmethylsertraline 3.0 390 129 SRI SSRI
Desmethylsibutramine[13] 15 20 49 SNDRI SNRI
  (R)-Desmethylsibutramine 44 4 12 SNDRI SNRI
  (S)-Desmethylsibutramine 9,200 870 180 SNDRI SNRI
Desoxypipradrol[14] 53,700 550 50 NDRI Stimulant
Desvenlafaxine*[15] 47 531 ND SNRI SNRI
Didesmethylsibutramine[13] 20 15 45 SNDRI SNRI
  (R)-Didesmethylsibutramine 140 13 8.9 SNDRI SNRI
  (S)-Didesmethylsibutramine 4,300 62 12 SNDRI SNRI
Diphenhydramine 3,800 960 2,200 N/A (IA) Antihistamine
Dosulepin (dothiepin) 8.6 46 5,310 SNRI TCA
Doxepin 68 29.5 12,100 SNRI TCA
Duloxetine*[16] 3.7 20 439 SNRI SNRI
Etoperidone 890 20,000 52,000 SRI SARI
Femoxetine 11.0 760 2,050 SRI SSRI
Fluoxetine 0.81 240 3,600 SRI SSRI
Fluvoxamine 2.2 1,300 9,200 SRI SSRI
GBR-12935[11] 289 277 4.90 DRI Stimulant
Hydroxybupropion[17] ND 1.7 (IC50) >10 (IC50) NDRI Stimulant
Imipramine 1.40 37 8,500 SNRI TCA
Indatraline[11] 3.10 12.6 1.90 SNDRI Stimulant
Iprindole 1,620 1,262 6,530 N/A (IA) TCA
Lofepramine 70 5.4 18,000 SNRI TCA
Maprotiline 5,800 11.1 1,000 NRI TeCA
Mazindol 39 0.45 8.1 NDRI Stimulant
MDPVTooltip Methylenedioxypyrovalerone[18] 3,349 26 4.1 NDRI Stimulant
Methamphetamine >100,000 ND ND NDRA Stimulant
  
D-Methamphetamine
 >100,000 660 2,800 NDRA Stimulant
  L-Methamphetamine >100,000 ND ND NRA Stimulant
Methylphenidate >10,000 788 121 NDRI Stimulant
  D-Methylphenidate >10,000 206 161 NDRI Stimulant
  L-Methylphenidate >6,700 >10,000 2,250 NDRI Stimulant
Mianserin 4,000 71 9,400 NRI TeCA
Milnacipran*[16] 151 68 >100,000 SNRI SNRI
  Levomilnacipran*[19] 19.0 10.5 >100,000 SNRI SNRI
Mirtazapine >100,000 4,600 >100,000 N/A (IA) TeCA
Modafinil*[20] >50,000 136,000 4,043 DRI Stimulant
Nefazodone 200 360 360 SNDRI SARI
Nefopam[21] 29 33 531 SNDRI Analgesic
Nisoxetine[11] 427 2.3 1,235 NRI Stimulant
Nomifensine 1,010 15.6 56 NDRI Stimulant
Norfluoxetine
 1.47 1,426 420 SRI SSRI
Nortriptyline 18 4.37 1,140 SNRI TCA
Oxaprotiline 3,900 4.9 4,340 NRI TeCA
Paroxetine 0.13 40 490 SRI SSRI
Protriptyline 19.6 1.41 2,100 SNRI TCA
Reboxetine[22] 129 1.1 >10,000 NRI Stimulant
Sertraline 0.29 420 25 SRI SSRI
Sibutramine[13] 298–2,800 350–5,451 943–1,200 SNDRI SNRI
Trazodone 160 8,500 7,400 SRI SARI
Trimipramine 149 2,450 3,780 SRI TCA
Vanoxerine[11] 73.2 79.2 4.3 DRI Stimulant
Venlafaxine*[16] 145 1,420 3,070 SNRI SNRI
Vilazodone*[23] 0.2 ~60 ND SRI SMS
Viloxazine 17,300 155 >100,000 NRI Stimulant
Vortioxetine*[24] 5.4 890 (rat) 140 (rat) SRI SMS
Zimelidine 152 9,400 11,700 SRI SSRI
Values are Ki (nM) or, in some cases (*),
IC50
Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration (nM). The smaller the value, the more strongly the
drug binds to or inhibits the transporter.

See also

References

  1. PMID 20200509
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-7817-7155-9
    . Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  3. PMID 20605908
    .
  4. ISBN 978-3-540-38916-3
    . Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  5. ISBN 978-1-60547-277-5
    . Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  6. PMID 21810934
    .
  7. PMID 9537821.[dead link
    ]
  8. PMID 3708219
    .
  9. S2CID 10947713
    .
  10. PMID 12232544
    .
  11. ^
    PMID 14612135
    .
  12. ^ http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/1814/TDAS15001ENN.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  13. ^
    S2CID 20553857
    .
  14. PMID 23261499
    .
  15. S2CID 15063064
    .
  16. ^
    S2CID 29448095
    .
  17. S2CID 1577336
    .
  18. PMID 23072836
    .
  19. PMID 23499664
    .
  20. PMID 19197004
    .
  21. PMID 22711801
    .
  22. S2CID 20039451
    .
  23. S2CID 12020750
    .
  24. PMID 21486038
    .

External links
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