Al-Qabu
al-Qabu
القبو Qabu, Kabu | ||
---|---|---|
Etymology: "the vault, or cellar"[1] | ||
Geopolitical entity Mandatory Palestine | | |
Subdistrict | Jerusalem | |
Date of depopulation | 22–23 October 1948[4] | |
Area | ||
• Total | 3,806 dunams (3.806 km2 or 1.470 sq mi) | |
Population (1945) | ||
• Total | 260[2][3] | |
Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces | |
Current Localities | Mevo Beitar |
Al-Qabu (
Al-Qabu was depopulated on 22–23 October 1948, following the
Location
Situated on a hilltop that sloped downward steeply on three sides, to the south lay a secondary road that linked al-Qabu to the highway between Bayt Jibrin and Jerusalem which lay at a distance of about 1.5 kilometers (0.93 mi).[7]
History
During the period of
A ruined church by the village was visited by a team from the
Ottoman era
In 1838, in the
In 1856 the village was named el Kabu on Kiepert's map of Palestine published that year.[17]
In 1863 Victor Guérin described the village, "perched like an eagle's nest", and surrounded by gardens.[18] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that kabu had a population of 28, in 18 houses, though the population count included men, only.[19][20]
In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village as being of moderate size, situated on a high hill, with houses built of stone. Other features mentioned were the presence of a ruined church on the hillside, southwest of the village, and two springs in the valley to the west.[21]
The village was laid out in a rectangular plan, extending in a north–south direction along the secondary road. The houses in the village were built primarily of stone. A few small shops in the village were located around its main square. Al-Qabu also had a shrine dedicated to one Shaykh Amad al-'Umari that stood southeast of the village site.[5]
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qabu had a population 139, all Muslims,[22] increasing in the 1931 census to 192, still all Muslim; in a total of 31 houses.[23]
Several springs around the village, including Ayn Tuz and Ayn al-Bayada, provided water for its residents.[24] The Ain esh Sherkiyeh, meaning "The eastern spring", also lay close by.[25]
In the 1945 statistics, Al-Qabu had a population of 260, all Muslims,[2] with a total of 3,806 dunams of land.[3] In 1944-45 the villagers had allocated a total of 1,233 dunums of village land to the cultivation of cereals; 436 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards. Olive trees covered 30 dunams of land,[24][26] while 12 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[27]
1948 and the aftermath
The village apparently changed hands several times in the 1948-1949 period,
Over the course of their operations, Israeli troops from the
After signing the 1949 Armistice Agreements with Jordan on 3 April, a question arose about the villagers of Al-Qabu and al-Walaja, whose inhabitants had gradually returned. These two villages were in Israeli territory under the Armistice Agreement, and Israel wanted them empty. On 1 May 1949, Israeli troops raided the villagers and blew up the houses. IDF reports that the villagers fled.[6]
In 1950, the moshav of Mevo Beitar was established on land that had belonged to al-Qabu.[24] According to Petersen, remains of the Palestinian village at the site include the church, a mosque, and a shrine for Shaykh Ahmad al-Umari. The mosque is a square structure, with a courtyard, and it appears to be built of stones removed from the old church.[32]
References
- ^ a b Palmer, 1881, p. 297
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
- ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58 Archived 2018-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Morris, 2004, p. xx, village #348. Also gives cause of depopulation.
- ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, pp. 307-308.
- ^ a b Morris, 2004, p. 520, note 111
- ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 307
- ^ a b Tsafrir, Di Segni and Green, 1994, p. 209. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 248
- ^ Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 95A; Copper Scroll 269:33
- ISSN 0333-5844.
- ^ a b Pringle, 1998, p. 156
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 100. Also cited in Pringle, 1998, p. 157
- ^ Pringle, 1998, p. 157
- JSTOR 26592562.
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 124
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 326
- ^ Kiepert, 1856, Map of Southern Palestine
- ^ Guérin, 1869, pp. 384-385
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 155
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, pp. 144-145
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p.25. Also cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 307
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 42
- ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 308
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p.282
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 519
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 519-520, note105
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 520, note 106
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 520, note 109
- ^ PAM (=Palestine Antiquities Museum) File 154, Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 248
Bibliography
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Billig, Ya’akov (2005-04-19). "En Qobi" (117). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
- Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from the original on 2018-12-08. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Jordan. Dāʾirat al-Āthār al-ʻĀmmah (1991). Annual of the Department of Antiquities, Volume 35. Dept. of Antiquities, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
- ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Petersen, Andrew (2001). A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology). Vol. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-727011-0.
- ISBN 0-521-39037-0.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
- ISBN 965-208-107-8. Cited in Petersen, 2001
- Weiss, Danny (2006-09-20). "En Qobi" (118). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - Zissu, Boaz; Weiss, Danny (2008-02-11). "En Qobi" (120). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help)
External links
- al-Qabu, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Mosque of Sheikh Mahmud el-‘Ajami
- Al-Qabu, from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
- Tour of al-Qabu, 22.1.11, Zochrot