Qalunya
Qalunya
قالونيا Qaluniya, Colonia, Kolonia, Kulόnieh | ||
---|---|---|
Etymology: from the Latin Colonia[1] | ||
Geopolitical entity Mandatory Palestine | | |
Subdistrict | Jerusalem | |
Date of depopulation | early April, 1948,[4] | |
Area | ||
• Total | 4,844 dunams (4.844 km2 or 1.870 sq mi) | |
Population (1945) | ||
• Total | 900[2][3] | |
Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces | |
Current Localities | Mevaseret Zion |
Qalunya (
Prior to the village's destruction in 1948, with the exception of 166 dunams, Qalunya's land was privately owned: 3,594 dunams were owned by Arabs, while 1,084 dunams were owned by Jews.[2][3]Location
Qalunya stood on a mountain slope, facing southwest; Wadi Qalunya passed through its eastern edge. The village lay on the Jerusalem-Jaffa highway, and a dirt path linked it to its neighboring villages.[6] Qalunya was located where the Israelite and Jewish town of Motza was believed to have been. The Modern Motza is now an outlying neighborhood of Jerusalem, and ruins of demolished buildings from Qalunya are present near Motza, covered in vegetation, just off the main highway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. The town of Mevaseret Zion today is expanding upon some of the territory of former Qalunya.
History
Bronze Age to Roman period
Roman and Byzantine periods
The village was destroyed in the First Jewish–Roman War. After 71 CE, Vespasian settled 800 Roman soldiers in the town, which became a Roman settlement known as Colonia Amosa or Colonia Emmaus.[6] The settlers came from throughout the Roman Empire and settlers from other parts of the Roman Empire, and "might have been, at least partially, of non-Semitic" origins.[7]
The word colonia produced the
New Testament
It has also been suggested that Qalunya was
Ottoman period
In the 1596
In 1838, Kulonieh was noted as a Muslim village in the Beni Malik district, west of Jerusalem.[14][15]
In 1863 Victor Guérin found it to be a village of 500 inhabitants,[16] while an Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that Kalonije had a population of 120, in 43 houses, though the population count included men, only.[17][18]
In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Qalunya as being a moderate-sized village perched on the slope of a hill, 300 feet (91 m) above a valley. Travelers reported that it had a "modern" restaurant. The villagers tended orange and lemon trees that were planted around a spring in the valley.[19] To the west of the restaurant were ruins, possible of Byzantine origin.[20]
In the 1890s, Jews purchased some of Qalunya's farmlands, and established the village of Motza, the first Jewish settlement outside Jerusalem.[21]
In 1896 the population of Kalonije was estimated to be about 312 persons.[22]
British Mandate
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qalunieh (Qalonia) had a population 549; 456 Muslims, 88 Jews and 5 Orthodox Christians,[23][24] increasing in the 1931 census to 632, 632 Muslims and 10 Christians; in a total of 156 houses.[25]
During the
In the 1945 statistics, Qalunya had a population of 900 Muslims and 10 Christians, while Motza had a population of 350 Jews.[2] The total land area was 4,844 dunams.[3] A total of 1,224 dunums of land were irrigated or used for plantations, 955 were used for cereals;[27] while 227 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[28]
1948, and after
Qalunya was situated just east of the battlefield of
Archaeology
According to the
In 2012 Israeli archaeologists discovered the
References
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 321
- ^ a b c d Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
- ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, village #359. Also gives the cause of depopulation.
- ^ "Qalunya". Palestine Remembered. Retrieved 18 March 2008.
- ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 309
- ^ Marom, Roy; Zadok, Ran (2023). "Early-Ottoman Palestinian Toponymy: A Linguistic Analysis of the (Micro-)Toponyms in Haseki Sultan's Endowment Deed (1552)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 139 (2).
- ^ Al:Khalidi 1968:181, Cited in Khalidi, 1992, p.309
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 40
- ^ Murphy-O'Connor, 2008, pp. 362−363
- . Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ^ Zuallart, 1587, p. 121
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 118. Cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 309
- ^ Robinson and Smith, vol. 3, 2nd appendix, p. 123
- ^ Robinson and Smith, vol. 2, p. 146
- ^ Guérin, 1868, pp. 257-262
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 155 It was noted to be in the Bene Malik district
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 118, also noted 43 houses
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 17. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 309
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 132
- ISBN 978-0812205688.
- ^ Schick, 1896, p. 126
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XIV, p. 45
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 42
- ^ Segev, 2013, p. 324
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153
- ISBN 0300151128.)
- ^ a b Pappe, 2006, p. 91.
- ISBN 0-85303-285-8.
- ^ The Archaeological Survey of Israel (Israel Antiquities Authority), Qaluniya [291], Site no. 31
- ^ First Temple Period Ritual Structure Discovered Near Jerusalem
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ISBN 0-19-815402-X
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- OCLC 1101993202
- Guérin, V. (1868). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine, Part I: Judee (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- ISBN 978-0-19-923666-4.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ISBN 978-1-85168-555-4.
- Pococke, R. (1745). A description of the East, and some other countries. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author, by W. Bowyer. (p. 47)
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
- ISBN 978-1466843509.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
- Wheaton, Gerry (2015). The Role of Jewish Feasts in John's Gospel. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316299753.
- Zuallart, J. [in French] (1587). Il devotissimo viaggio di Gervsalemme. Roma: Stampato in Roma : Per F. Zanetti & Gia. Ruffinelli.
External links
- Welcome To Qalunya
- Qalunya, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Qalunya, from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center