Amka
Amka
עַמְקָה | |
|---|---|
Western Galilee | |
| Founded | Bronze age (Beth ha-Emek) Classic era (Kfar Amka) 1949 (modern Moshav) |
| Founded by | Yemenite Jews |
| Population (2022)[1] | 833 |
Amka (
Etymology
Edward Henry Palmer thought that the name Amka derived from the Arabic word for “deep”,[2] but according to Ringgren, it preserves the name of Beth Ha-Emek, a city mentioned in Joshua 19:27 as part of the allotment of the Tribe of Asher.[3]
History
Ancient period
Amka is identified with Kefar Amiqo (
Middle Ages
During the
In 1283, Amka was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders during the hudna between the Crusaders based in Acre and the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur (Qalawun).[8]
Ottoman Empire
Incorporated into the
In the early 18th century, the village was under control of Shaykh Najm. He had an agreement to sell the
A map by
A population list from about 1887 showed that Amka had about 740 inhabitants, all Muslim.[16]
British Mandate
Amqa
عمقا 'Amqa | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 | |
Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Acre |
| Date of depopulation | 10–11 July 1948[17] |
| Area | |
• Total | 6,060 dunams (6.06 km2 or 2.34 sq mi) |
| Population (1945) | |
• Total | 1,240[5][18] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Current Localities | Amka[19] |
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Amqa had a population of 724 inhabitants, of whom 722 were Muslims and two Christians.[20] The population increased in the 1931 census to 895, all Muslims, living in a total of 212 houses.[21]
In 1945, the population of Amqa was 1,240 Muslims,[22] with over 6,000 dunums (1,500 acres) of land according to an official land and population survey.[18] Of this, 1,648 dunams were plantations and irrigable land; 3,348 used for cereals,[23] while 36 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[24]
Israel
People from neighboring villages began to seek refuge in 'Amqa in May 1948. The village was attacked on 10-11 July by the
In 1949, a group of
Archaeological sites
Three khirbas (archaeological ruins) lay within Amka's vicinity and contain the foundations of buildings, well-chiseled building stones, presses, and a cistern. During archaeological searches of the area remnants of a Byzantine church were discovered but due to the destruction of the village no foundations could be established.[34][35][36] The Amka mosque was inspected by Petersen in 1991. The date of the mosque construction is not known, but it bears a general similarity to the nearby mosque of al-Ghabisiyya, and is probably of a similar age, i.e. early 19th century.[33]
See also
- Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
References
- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 40
- ^ Ringgren, 2000, p. 204.
- ISSN 0333-5844.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Khalidi, 1992, p.4
- ^ Strehlke, 1869, pp. 10-11, No. 11; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 154, No. 579, cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 257, 263
- ^ Strehlke, 1869, pp. 43- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 248, No. 934 (16); cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 263
- ^ Barag, 1979, p. 204
- ^ a b Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 192. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 4
- ^ 39 households, according to Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 192
- ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
- ^ Cohen, 1973, p.12. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 93
- ^ Petersen, 2001, p. 93. Cohen, 1973, p. 94.
- ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 162 Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 145
- ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 172
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xvii, village #85. Also gives cause of depopulation.
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40 Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, Settlement #150.
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 99
- ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80 Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130 Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-0-88728-224-9.
- .
- ^ Morris, 1993, pp. 146-147
- ISBN 978-0-85345-377-2.
- ISBN 978-1-84277-623-0.
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 5
- ^ Ellenblum, 2003, p. 177
- ISBN 0-472-11124-8p 180
- ^ a b Petersen, 2001, p. 93
- ^ Ellenblum, 2003, p. 178
- ISBN 978-0-521-87598-1p 66
- ISBN 0-312-42670-4p 308
Bibliography
- Barag, Dan (1979). "A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem". JSTOR 27925726.
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Cohen, A. (1973), Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patterns of Government and Administration. Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Cited in Petersen, (2001)
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 9780521521871.
- Frankel, Rafael (1988). "Topographical notes on the territory of Acre in the Crusader period". Israel Exploration Journal. 38 (4): 249–272. JSTOR 27926125.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale. (p.23)
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from the original on 2018-12-08. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
- ISBN 978-3-920405-41-4.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2015-04-23.
- ISBN 978-0-88728-224-9.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 978-0-19-827850-4.
- ISBN 978-0-521-33028-2.
- ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Nazzal, Nafez (1978). The Palestinian Exodus from Galilee 1948. Beirut: The Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 9780887281280.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Petersen, Andrew (2001). A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology). Vol. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-727011-0.
- Rhode, H. (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ISBN 978-0-521-79476-3.
- Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
- Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
- Strehlke, E., ed. (1869). Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum. Berlin: Weidmanns.
External links and references
- Welcome To 'Amqa
- 'Amqa, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- 3amqa Archived 2012-09-04 at the Wayback Machine, Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh
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