Al-Tira, Ramle

Coordinates: 32°01′02″N 34°56′35″E / 32.01722°N 34.94306°E / 32.01722; 34.94306
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See Tira for other sites with similar names.
Al-Tira
طيرة دندن
Remains of the mosque of Al-Tira
Remains of the mosque of Al-Tira
Etymology: "The Fort"[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Al-Tira, Ramle (click the buttons)
Geopolitical entity
Mandatory Palestine
SubdistrictRamle
Date of depopulationJuly 10, 1948[4]
Area
[3]
 • Total6,956 dunams (6.956 km2 or 2.686 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total1,290[2][3]
Cause(s) of depopulationMilitary assault by Yishuv forces
Current LocalitiesTirat Yehuda,[5] Giv'at Ko'ah,[5] Bareket[5]

Al-Tira was a

Operation Dani. It was located 12 km northeast of Ramla
. al-Tira was mostly destroyed with the exception of a few houses survived destruction.

History

Archeological remains from Early Bronze Age,[6] Iron Age II,[6] Hellenistic[6][7] and Roman era have been found.[6]

A wine-press, dating to late Roman or early

Byzantine era have been excavated,[8] together with a cistern, dating from the pre-Byzantine era.[9]

Mamluk era.[6][10]

Ottoman era

In 1517, Tira was incorporated into the

Muslims. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, vineyards, fruit trees, beehives, and goats, a total of 6,800 akçe.[11][12]

In 1863, Victor Guérin noted Al-Tira situated about 2 kilometres south of Qula, and containing five hundred inhabitants.[13] Guérin also found here "caves and a tomb cut in the rock; also, still standing, the door of an ancient house, its two jambs formed of great cut stones covered by a splendid block forming the lintel, and formerly decorated by mouldings, now effaced".[14] An Ottoman village list from about the same year (1870) indicated 54 houses and a population of 385, though the population count included men, only.[15][16]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as: "A mud village of moderate size, with cactus hedges, situated at the edge of the plain, the hills rising behind; on the west, by the high road, is a good well, with remains of masonry".[17]

In 1896, the population of Et-tire was estimated to be about 210 persons.[18]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Tireh had a population of 705, all Muslims,[19] increasing in the 1931 census to 892, still all Muslims, in a total of 225 houses.[20]

An elementary school was founded in 1922, and by 1947–48, it had an enrollment of 110 boys and 22 girls.[12]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 1,290, all Muslims,[2] while the total land area was 6,956 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, 78 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 5,551 for cereals,[21] while 45 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[22]

Al-'Umari Mosque was one of the notable landmarks.[12]


  • Al-Tira 1942 1:20,000
    Al-Tira 1942 1:20,000
  • Al-Tira (Tira) 1945 1:250,000
    Al-Tira (Tira) 1945 1:250,000
  • Depopulated villages in the Ramle Subdistrict
    Depopulated villages in the Ramle Subdistrict

1948, and aftermath

The village became depopulated on July 10, 1948, after a military assault by the Israeli army.[4] On the same day, Operation Danny headquarter ordered the Yiftach Brigade to blow up most of Innaba and Al-Tira, leaving only houses enough for a small garrison.[23][24]

The Israeli settlements of Tirat Yehuda, Giv'at Ko'ah and Bareket are all on the land of Al-Tira.[5]

In 1992 the village site was described: "The site, situated next to paved road, is partly deserted and overgrown with a variety of trees, such as olive, date palm, fig and gum trees. The rubble of some of the destroyed houses is visible. A number of stone houses survive, however; some are deserted, others are occupied by Israelis, and still others are used as stables for livestock. A deserted house, fenced in with barbed wire, has high, round-arched windows and a flat roof; the yard is overgrown with untended grass. One of the occupied houses is quite modest. It has a rectangular door and window and a flat roof; date-palm and other trees grow on two sides. A second, larger, occupied house has two stories and a wide porch, and is also surrounded by trees. A third is also quite large and has two stories; a side stairway leads to a second-floor porch and there is a large, round arched entrance on the first floor. There are some destroyed houses inside the settlement of Bareqet. Some of the surrounding land is planted in grapes and kiwi fruit."[5]

References

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p.246
  2. ^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 30
  3. ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 68
  4. ^ a b Morris, 2004, p. xviii village #216. Also gives cause of depopulation.
  5. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 418
  6. ^ a b c d e Masarwa, 2012, Khirbat et-Tira
  7. ^ Zelinger, 2005, Khirbet et-Tira (Bareket)
  8. ^ Hillel, 2009, Khirbat et-Tira
  9. ^ Romano, 2004, Khirbat et-Tira
  10. ^ a b Itach and Zuckerman-Cooper, 2016, Khirbat et-Tira (Bareket)
  11. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 153
  12. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 417
  13. ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 391
  14. ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 391; as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 378
  15. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 162
  16. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 138, also noted 54 houses
  17. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 298
  18. ^ Schick, 1896, p. 126 Schick also notes he thinks the Socin-number too high
  19. ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. 22
  20. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 23.
  21. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 117
  22. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 167
  23. ^ Morris, 2004, p. 355, note #86
  24. ^ Morris, 2004, p. 400, note #86

Bibliography

External links

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