Ein Hod
Ein Hod
עֵין הוֹד | |
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Coordinates: 32°42′05″N 34°58′48″E / 32.70139°N 34.98000°E | |
Country | Israel |
District | Haifa |
Council | Hof HaCarmel |
Population (2022)[1] | 664 |
Website | ein-hod.org |
Ayn Hawd
عين حوض | ||
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Geopolitical entity Mandatory Palestine | | |
Subdistrict | Haifa | |
Date of depopulation | 15 July 1948[5] | |
Area | ||
• Total | 12,605 dunams (12.605 km2 or 4.867 sq mi) | |
Population (1945) | ||
• Total | 650[3][4] | |
Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces | |
Current localities | Ein Hod[6][7] Nir Etzion[7] |
Ein Hod (
The village is situated on a hillside amidst olive groves, with a view of the Mediterranean Sea. Prior to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Ein Hod was the site of the Arabic village of Ein Hawd. Most of the Arab inhabitants were expelled during the war, however some remained in the area and settled nearby, forming a new village, also by the name of Ein Hawd.
After a failed attempt to create a moshav on the site, Ein Hod became an artists' colony in 1953.
History
Ayyubid Period
The village was one of the "Al-Hija" villages founded by relatives of
Abu al-Hija apparently returned to
Ottoman Period
In 1596, the village of Ayn Hawd was part of the
In 1851
In 1870, Victor Guérin visited the village. He found it had 120 inhabitants, with houses built of rammed earth or different construction aggregates. The village was surrounded by a small wall.[11]
In 1881, "Ain Haud" was described as a small village situated on the end of a spur, inhabited by fifty people who cultivated 3
The village elementary school for boys was founded in 1888,[14] and in the early twentieth century the number of inhabitants was given as 283. It was further noted that the village had a mosque.[15]
British Mandate
In the
In the 1945 statistics the population was 650, all Muslims,[3] and it had a total of 12,605 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[4] 1,503 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 4,422 for cereals,[19] while 50 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[20]
1948
Ayn Hawd and the neighboring village of
During 17–19 July, IDF units attacked and occupied the villages of Ayn Hawd, together with Kafr Lam, Sarafand and al-Mazar, with Ayn Hawd being depopulated.[23]
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Ein Hod (Ein Haud) 1932 1:20,000
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Ein Hod (Ein Haud) 1945 1:250,000
Ein Hawd: new village after 1948
Most of the 700–900 Arab villagers of Ein Hod from before the 1948 Arab–Israeli War resettled in the West Bank, many in the refugee camp in Jenin. A group of 35 original inhabitants, many of them members of the Abu al-Hija family, took shelter in a nearby wadi. Attempts to dispossess them by legal means did not succeed.[8] This new village was named Ein Hawd.[24] Initially, the Israeli authorities did not recognize the village. In 1988, residents helped to form the association of the Arab Unrecognized Villages in Israel.[25] In 1992, the state finally officially recognized the village, but it was only granted full recognition in 2005, when it was connected to Israel's electric grid.[24]
Moshav Ein Hod
In July 1949 the
Artists' colony
Ein Hod became an artists' colony in 1953. The driving spirit behind the project was Marcel Janco, an acclaimed Dada artist, who kept the village from being demolished by the security forces and convinced the government to let him build an artists' colony there.[26]
Today
Ein Hod is now a community settlement run by an elected administrative committee.
During the
Culture
Ein Hod has 22 galleries, 14 art workshops, 2 museums and 14 rooms for rent to tourists. Workshops include printing, sculpture, photography, silk screening, music (vocal), ceramics, mosaics, design, stained glass, lithography and blacksmithing. [29] The Gertrud Kraus House sponsors biweekly chamber music concerts and guest lectures.[30] During the summer months, performances of popular music and light entertainment take place in an outdoor amphitheatre. Throughout the year, free outdoor jazz concerts are held on Saturdays near the village's central square.[citation needed]
Ein Hod's main gallery has five exhibition halls, each devoted to a different artistic sector. Hall 1 exhibits art by immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia; Hall 2 is exclusively for Ein Hod artists, past and present; Halls 3 and 4 are for changing exhibitions, solo and group shows of residents and outsiders; and Hall 5 is for theme shows.[29]
The Nisco Museum of Mechanical Music in Ein Hod is the first museum in Israel dedicated to antique musical instruments.[31] The collection, accumulated over 40 years by Nisan Cohen, contains music boxes, hurdy-gurdies, an automatic organ, a reproducing player piano, a collection of 100-year-old manivelles, gramophones, hand-operated automatic pianos and other instruments.[32]
In 1992 an original part from the Berlin Wall was placed in the village, and it has since been welcoming the visitors to the main museum.[citation needed]
The Düsseldorf-Ein Hod exchange program has brought Düsseldorf artists to Ein Hod and vice versa over the past two decades. A similar program has been inaugurated for artists from New Hampshire.[33]
Notable residents
An early resident was the American children's writer and amateur archaeologist
Dan Chamizer, creator of the "Chamizer riddle," is a resident of Ein Hod. Based on an original coding system, the Chamizer riddle is widely used to teach problem-solving in schools, government agencies and high-tech companies.[29]
Ten Ein Hod residents have won the
- Genia Berger, in 1953 became one of the founders of the artists' colony
- Zahara Schatz, for painting and sculpture (1955)
- Marcel Janco, for painting (1967)
- Gertrud Kraus, for dance (1968)
- Simon Halkin, for literature (1975)
- Haim Hefer, for Hebrew songwriting (1983)
- Natan Zach, for poetry (1995)
- Michael Gross, for painting and sculpture (2000)
- Gila Almagor, for acting (2004)
Gallery
-
Benjamin Levy. Lovers in the box of sardines.
-
Benjamin Levy. Lovers on the axle of wheels.
-
Girl on Roller Skates.
-
POB world.
See also
- Visual arts in Israel
- Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
- List of villages depopulated during the Arab-Israeli conflict
- 500 Dunam on the Moon, 2002 documentary film about the fate of the 1948 Arab village
- The Promise (2011 TV serial), fictional account about the owner of a house in Ein Hod
References
- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 105
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 13
- ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 47
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. XVIII, village #170. Also gives causes of depopulation.
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. XXII, Settlement #123, established 1949.
- ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 151
- ^ a b c d e f Benvenisti, 2000, pp. 193−195
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 158. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 149
- ^ van der Velde, 1854, vol 1, pp. 314–315
- ^ Guérin, 1875, pp. 294–295
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 281. Quoted in Khalidi, p.149
- ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 180
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p.149
- ^ Mülinen, 1908, p. 279
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. 33
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 49
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 90
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 90
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 139
- ^ Filastin, 13.04.1948, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 150, cited in Slyomovics, 1998, p. 100
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 150, cited in Slyomovics, 1998, p. 100
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 438, note #138, p. 457
- ^ a b United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (7 August 2007). "Israel: An IDP village sees light at the end of the tunnel". IRIN News. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
- ^ "The Association of Forty". The Association of Forty. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
- ^ a b c "Ein Hod Articles". Ein Hod Artists' Village. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
- ^ "500 Dunam on the Moon: The Story of Three Villages in One – Ain Hawd, Ein Hod, and Ayn Hawd al-Jadida". 500 Dunam on the Moon. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
- ^ Wildfire: Homes in Ein Hod, Nir Etzion burn
- ^ a b c d e Ein Hod: A Unique Village in Israel Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Emunah
- ^ About Ein Hod
- ^ Adena Kerstein (30 September 2005). "Hurdy-Gurdy Time". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011.
- ^ "The Nisco Museum of Mechanical Music". Ein Hod Artists' Village. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
- ^ "Ein Hod Artists Official Site, EIN HOD WEB SITE, EIN HOD ARTISTS – International Projects". Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
Bibliography
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 0-520-21154-5.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
- Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Mülinen, Egbert Friedrich von 1908, Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Karmels "Separateabdruck aus der Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palëstina-Vereins Band XXX (1907) Seite 117–207 und Band XXXI (1908) Seite 1–258."
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement – Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
- Slyomovics, Susan (1998). The object of memory: Arab and Jew narrate the Palestinian village (Illustrated ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press. Albert Hourani Book Award) (p. 100)
- Velde, van de, C.W.M. (1854). Narrative of a journey through Syria and Palestine in 1851 and 1852. Vol. 1. William Blackwood and son.
External links
- Ein Hod – The Artists' Site
- Battle of Ein Hod
- The Janco Dada Museum
- Ein Hud – International architecture competition F.A.S.T.
- In and around Ein Hod 30 April 2006, Ynetnews
- ISRAEL: An IDP village sees light at the end of the tunnel IRIN, 5 August 2007
- "Hurdy-Gurdy Time", Adena Kerstein (30 September 2005), Jerusalem Post
- Ein Hod: A Unique Village in Israel, Emunah magazine
- What would Janco say? Haaretz, 12 April 2007
The historic village
- 'Ayn Hawd in the Palestine Remembered database
- 'Ayn Hawd, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: IAA, Wikimedia commons