Sarafand al-Amar
Sarafand al-Amar
صرفند العمار Sarafand al-Kubra | |
---|---|
Village | |
Etymology: from a personal name[1] | |
Nir Zevi |
Sarafand al-Ammar (
The village's adult male population was
Today it is part of the Israeli area of Tzrifin.
Etymology
Sarafand or Sarafend (Ṣarafand / صرفند) is an Arabic rendition of the Phoenician place-name *Ṣrpt. Al-Ammar means "the built, inhabited".[6]
History
Ottoman period
Sarafand al-Amar was also known as Sarafand al-Kubra ("the larger Sarafand") to distinguish it from its nearby sister village,
In 1596, Sarafand al-Kubra was under the administration of the
The
In 1838,
In 1863 Victor Guérin found here cut stones belonging to some old buildings, and two cisterns, apparently ancient. He thought the site was probably that of an old city called Sariphaia, mentioned as having been the seat of a bishop, one of its bishops took part in the Council of Jerusalem of the year 636.[11]
An Ottoman village list of about 1870 indicated 60 houses and a population of 205 in Sarfend el Ammar, though the population count included men, only.[12][13]
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Sarafand al-ajar as a village built of adobe bricks and situated on rising ground; a few olive trees were scattered around it.[14]
British Mandate
In December 1918, after World War I but prior to the Mandatory Palestine, New Zealand soldiers from the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade camped near the village massacred its inhabitants as retribution for the murder of a New Zealand soldier. Between 40 and 137[15] people are believed to have been killed in the massacre, and many houses in the village were burnt to the ground.[16]
In the
In the
Sarafand al-Amar was the site of a popular shrine for Luqman al-Hakim (Luke the Wise). The village had two elementary schools, one for boys and one for girls. The boys' school was founded in 1921 and became a full elementary school in 1946–47 with an enrollment of 292 students. The girls' school was founded in 1947 and had an enrollment of 50 students. Adjacent to it was the al-Raja ("Hope") Orphanage set up for the children of Palestinians killed during the
In the
1948 war and aftermath
On the morning of January 2, 1948, Arab workers at the British Army camp in Sarafand al-Amar discovered twelve timed charges set to explode at noon, a time when they would have been lined up to collect their wages. The Palestinian Arab newspaper
On April 15, 1948, a group of
Israel established the Tzrifin IDF military base on the ruins of Sarafand al-Amar and the British military base in 1949, and the town of Nir Tzvi was built on village lands in 1954. According to Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, "the site, which contains what may be the largest Israeli army camp as well as an airbase, has been designated as a military base. No more than six houses remain; most of them are deserted, but one or two are occupied by Israelis. The school is also deserted..."[23]
References
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 219
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 30
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 68.
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xix, village #225. Morris gives both cause and date of depopulation as "not known".
- ^ a b c d e f g h Khalidi, 1992, p. 411
- ^ Marom, Roy; Zadok, Ran (2023). "Early-Ottoman Palestinian Toponymy: A Linguistic Analysis of the (Micro-)Toponyms in Haseki Sultan's Endowment Deed (1552)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 139 (2).
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 152, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 411
- ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 171 Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3. p. 45, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 411
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3. Second appendix, p. 121
- ^ Guérin, 1868, pp. 33-34; as given in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 275
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 160
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 138 also noted 60 houses
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 254
- ^ Daley, Paul. Beersheba: travels through a forgotten Australian victory.
- ^ Elliott, Tim: Massacre that stained the Light Horse, The Age, 24 July 2009.
- ^ Shamir, 2013, pp. 116-118
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. 21
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 23.
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.117
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 167
- ^ Filastin, 03.01.1948, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 411
- ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p.412.
Bibliography
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
- Guérin, V. (1868). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
- ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Shamir, Ronen (2013). Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804788687.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
External links
- Welcome To Sarafand al-'Amar
- Sarafand al-'Amar, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Sarafand al-‘Amar, from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center