Tall al-Turmus

Coordinates: 31°43′33″N 34°46′22″E / 31.72583°N 34.77278°E / 31.72583; 34.77278
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Tall al-Turmus
تل الترمس
Tell at-Turmus
Etymology: "The mound of the lupine"[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Tall al-Turmus (click the buttons)
Geopolitical entity
Mandatory Palestine
SubdistrictGaza
Date of depopulationJuly, 1948[4]
Area
[3]
 • Total11,508 dunams (11.508 km2 or 4.443 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total760[2][3]
Cause(s) of depopulationFear of being caught up in the fighting
Current LocalitiesTimorim[5]

Tall al-Turmus (

1948 Arab-Israeli War.[5]

History

In 1838, Edward Robinson saw Tall al-Turmus located northwest of Tell es-Safi, where he was staying.[6] He further noted that the name meant "Hill of lupines".[7]

In 1863 the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, where he found about 100 houses. The villagers had a very deep well, and used animals to draw water from it.[8] An Ottoman village list of about 1870 counted 17 houses and a population of 34, though the population count included men only.[9][10]

British Mandate era

In the

Muslims,[11] increasing in the 1931 census, to 504 Muslims in 136 houses.[12]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Tell et Turmus consisted of 760, all Muslims,[2] and the total land area was 11,508 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, 154 dunams were used for citrus and bananas, 627 for plantations and irrigable land, 10,403 for cereals,[13] while 35 dunams were built-up areas.[14]

Tall al-Turnus 1930 1:20,000
Tall al-Turnus 1945 1:250,000


The villagers constructed their houses of adobe, building them first on the hill and later expanding the village site eastward and westward. It shared a school with the neighboring village of Qastina, and the school had 160 pupils by the mid-1940s. Agriculture was the mainstay of the economy.[5]

1948, and aftermath

Israeli forces from the First Battalion of the Givati Brigade captured Tall al-Turmus early in Operation An-Far on July 9–10, 1948. During this operation, the inhabitants of the village were among a minority of Palestinian villagers in the area to have been driven from their village towards the Gaza Strip rather than eastwards towards Hebron. Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel and the moshav of Timorim was established the lands of Tall at-Turmus in 1954.[5]

The Israeli settlement of Arugot is close by,[15] but on the land of Qastina, not Tall al-Turmus.[16]

In 1992 the village site was described:"The debris of the houses are strewn over the site and can be found near the clumps of cactuses and the sycamore and eucalyptus trees that grow there."[5]

Archaeology

A salvage excavation at Tell Turmus was conducted by the

Early Bronze Age.[17] Two fragments of a Chalcolithic incised scapula were found at Tall al-Turmus.[18]

References

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 275
  2. ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 32
  3. ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 46
  4. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xix, village #276. Also gives cause of depopulation,
  5. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 138
  6. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 364
  7. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 232
  8. ^ Guérin, 1869, p. 87
  9. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 162
  10. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 133 also noted 17 houses
  11. ^ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 8
  12. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 6
  13. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 88
  14. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 138
  15. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #66
  16. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 131
  17. ^ Zelin, 2004, Tell et-Turmus Final Report
  18. ^ Reese, 2002, On the incised cattle scapulae from the East Mediterranean and the Near East

Bibliography

External links

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