Qumya
Qumya
قوميه Kumieh, Qumiya | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Qumya, 1948 | |
| Etymology: "Stature", or "Support"[1] | |
.jpg) 1870s map .jpg) 1940s map.jpg) modern map .jpg) 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Qumya (click the buttons) | |
Baysan | |
| Date of depopulation | 26 March 1948[4] |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,898 dunams (4.898 km2 or 1.891 sq mi) |
| Population (1945) | |
• Total | 440[2][3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Fear of being caught up in the fighting |
| Current Localities | Ein Harod (Ihud)[5] |
Qumya (
Located 12.5 kilometers north of
Location
The village was located 12.5 kilometers northwest of
History
Qumya was well known for its archaeological sites, including Khirbat Qumya which contained rectangular structures, caves, and rock-hewn cisterns. About 800 meters south-west of the village was Ayn Jalut, an archaeological site where Roman artifacts, including milestones and a large pool cut in the rock, have been found.[5]
Ottoman era
By 1596, under the rule of the
Pierre Jacotin named the village Kouni on his map from 1799.[8]
In 1870/1871 (1288
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the village of Qumya as located being located on a knoll in the middle of a valley, surrounded by gardens of prickly pear.[10]
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the Mandatory Palestine authorities, Qumiyeh had a population of 401, all Muslims,[11] decreasing in the 1931 census to 386, still all Muslims, in 88 houses.[12]
The village had one elementary school for boys.[5] In 1945 the village had 440 Muslim inhabitants,[2] with 4,898 dunums of land.[3] Of this, a total of 4,205 dunums were used for cereals and 33 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards,[13] while 15 dunams was built-up land.[14]
1948, and after
In his diary, Weitz wrote of the inhabitants of Qumya and al-Tira in the Bisan valley on the 26 March 1948:
"Not taking upon themselves the responsibility of preventing the infiltration of irregulars ... They must be forced to leave their villages until peace comes.[15][16]
Meron Benvenisti noted that the JNF guided military operations to evacuate and expropriate the land of Palestinian villages in 1948, including that of Qumya. In writing of the capture and evacuation of Qumya and Endur (the biblical Endor), he wrote that "The Jews were particularly interested in the village of Qumya, which was entirely surrounded by JNF land...".[17][18]
In an Israeli cabinet meeting on June 16, 1948, Aharon Zisling seems to argue that the Palestinian refugees should be allowed to return. However, he made an exception for the villagers Qumya, the lands of which overlooked his own home in Ein Harod.[20][21] By July, 1948, Ein Harod formally asked for the land of Qumya to be given them.[22]
Following the war the area was incorporated into the
The
In 1992, Walid Khalidi described the remaining village structures, noting:
"The whole site is fenced in. Almond, mulberry, and pomegranate trees and cactuses grow around the rubble that dots the village site. Cypress trees grow among the ruins of the village school."[24]
See also
- Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
References
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 163
- ^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 7
- ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 43
- ^ a b Morris, 2004, p. xvii, village #120. Also gives cause of depopulation
- ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 57
- ^ Welcome to Qumya, Palestine Remembered, retrieved 2007-12-03
- ^ Al-Bakhit and al-Hamud, 1989, p. 18; cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 57
- ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 169 Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 256.
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 85. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 57
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, p.31
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 79
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 85
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 135
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 132, note #538
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 160, note #538
- ^ Benvenisti, 2000, p. 132
- ^ Financing Racism and Apartheid:Jewish National Fund's Violation of International and Domestic Law (PDF), Palestine Land Society, August 2005, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-09, retrieved 2007-12-03
- ^ Esber, 2008, p. 340, note #79. Ayshi Mahmud Khalid was interviewed by the author in Irbid camp, Jordan, in 2001
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 319, note #44
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 336, note #44
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 363
- ^ Fischbach, 2012, p. 13
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 58
Bibliography
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 978-0-520-23422-2.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 978-0-9815131-7-1.
- Fischbach, Michael R. (2012). Records of dispossession: Palestinian refugee property and the Arab–Israeli conflict (Illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12978-7.
- Hadawi, S (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
- ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 0-521-00967-7.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links
- Welcome to Qumya
- Qumya, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 9: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Qumya, from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
