Awlam
Awlam
عولم 'Ulam | ||
---|---|---|
Etymology: possibly from the Arabic form of “a full well”[1] | ||
Geopolitical entity Mandatory Palestine | | |
Subdistrict | Tiberias | |
Date of depopulation | April 6, 1948[4] | |
Area | ||
• Total | 18,546 dunams (18.5 km2 or 7.1 sq mi) | |
Population (1945) | ||
• Total | 720[2][3] | |
Cause(s) of depopulation | Abandonment on Arab orders |
Awlam (
History
Awlam is identified as Oulamma, an important town that existed during the Roman era of rule in Palestine.[5]
Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.[6]
The
Ottoman era
Awlam was incorporated into the
A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the place, named as El Awalem.[10]
In 1838 it was noted as a village, 'Aulam, in the Tiberias District.[11][12]
In 1859 there were 120 souls in the village, and the cultivation was 14
“Ancient materials are plentiful there. I noticed in particular a number of column stumps and various fragments of sculptures coming from some building now destroyed. A church, converted later into a mosque, then into a stable, is quite well preserved. It had been built with alternately white and black stones, the former limestone, the latter basalt. On the lintel of the main entrance door one may observe, in the centre, a small circle, which formerly enclosed a cross, today completely effaced. Inside, some column shafts are lying on the ground, with their capitals broken.[14]
In 1882, it was described as an agricultural village of 120, built of adobe bricks.[13] The Ottomans built an elementary school in this time period.[5]
A population list from about 1887 showed Aulam to have about 575 inhabitants; all Muslims.[15]
British Mandate era
The 'Arab al-Muwaylhat Bedouin tribe settled in the village by the time Awlam was a part of the British Mandate of Palestine. The village had a mosque, but its school was closed down.[5]
In the 1922 census of Palestine, Ulam had a population of 496; 487 Muslims, 8 Jews and 1 Christian,[16] where the one Christian was of the Orthodox faith.[17] The population had increased to 555 in the 1931 census, all Muslims, in a total of 139 houses.[18] The villagers cultivated grain, figs, grapes, and pomegranates. They drew their drinking and domestic water from six different springs.[5]
By the 1945 statistics, the village population was 720 Muslims,[2] and the total land area was 18,546 dunums of land.[3] 360 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards, 11,139 used for cereals,[19] while 28 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) land.[20]
1948, and aftermath
During the
References
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 159
- ^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 12
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 73
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xvii, village #107. Also gives cause of depopulation
- ^ a b c d e f g Khalidi, 1992, p. 514
- ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 732
- ^ Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 136, No 515; cited in Pringle, 1998, p. 372
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 189. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 514
- ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
- ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 167 Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, Appendix 2, p. 131
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, p.219
- ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 82
- ^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 136- 137; as translated in Pringle, 1998, p. 372
- ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 186
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table xi, Sub-district of Tiberias, p. 39
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table xvi, p. 51
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 85
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 123
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 173
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2015-04-23.
- ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ISBN 0-521-39037-0.
- Rhode, H. (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2017-11-03.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
- Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
External links
- Welcome To 'Awlam
- 'Awlam, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 9: IAA, Wikimedia commons