Al-Hamma, Tiberias
Al-Hamma
الحمّة El Hamma, El Hammé | ||
---|---|---|
Geopolitical entity Mandatory Palestine | | |
Subdistrict | Tiberias | |
Date of depopulation | July 1949 | |
Area | ||
• Total | 1,692 dunams (1.692 km2 or 418 acres) | |
Population (1945) | ||
• Total | 290[2][3][4] | |
Current Localities | Hamat Gader |
Al-Hamma (
Etymology
The name indicates the presence of hot water springs, as hammah is Arabic for "hot spring".[7][8]
History
Emmatha, Roman and Byzantine periods
During the Roman Empire it was known as Emmatha. During this period, Al-Hamma belonged to the district of Gadara.[4]
Early Muslim period
Recent excavations have revealed a large
Ottoman period
Al-Hamma appeared in
In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village.[11]
In 1905, the Jezreel Valley railway opened, linking Haifa via
British Mandate
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Samakh and Al-Hamma were counted together, reaching a total population of 976. Of these, 922 were Muslims, 28 Jews, 1 Baháʼí and 25 Christians;[12] where the Christians were 6 Orthodox, 1 Roman Catholic, 2 Melkite, 11 Armenian and 5 Anglican.[13] At the time of the 1931 census, the village had 46 occupied houses and a population of 170 Muslims, 1 Jew and 1 Christian.[14]
In 1936, a Lebanese businessman, Sulayman Nasif, was given a concession to develop the local springs, which became a popular place to visit, both for local Palestinians and other Arabs.
1948 and aftermath
During the early part of the 1948 Palestine war, some Palestinian inhabitants of Tiberias fled to Al-Hamma during the unrest in March and April that year. A local leader from Tiberias, Sidqi al Tabari, made "desperate efforts" (according to Israeli sources) to bring the citizens back. The people who had fled to al-Hamma from Tiberias were "ordered back and, in fact, returned".[16]
According to
Until 1951, Israel had never patrolled or occupied al-Hamma. However, in the spring of that year, Israel decided to assert its claimed sovereignty over the village. The site has been converted into an Israeli tourist park (Hamat Gader), with parking facilities, swimming pools, and a small fishing pond. The deserted mosque still stands, and its minaret and marble columns are intact. Five buildings east of the village site are built of black basalt. The railroad station still exist and the name of the village is inscribed on its entrance. There are three more deserted buildings next to the station, as well as the remains of destroyed houses.[4][15]
The area of al-Hamma is mentionned in the article 24 of the Palestinian national covenant in its 1964 version (al-mithaq al-qawmi al-Filastini), together with the West Bank and the Gaza strip.
See also
- Hama (disambiguation)
- Hamat Gader, current name of the site and a tourist resort
- Gadara (now Umm Qais), the mother-city in antiquity
References
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 520
- ^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 12
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 72
- ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 518
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.122
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 172
- ISBN 978-90-04-34696-3.
- ^ Richardson, John (1829). A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English: With a Dissertation on the Languages, Literature, and Manners of Eastern Nations. London: Cox. p. LXXII. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- ^ Hartal, 2010, Hammat Gader, ‘Ein el-Jarab Preliminary Report Archived 2013-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 168
- ^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 295-298, 308
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Tiberias, p. 39
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 51
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 82
- ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 519
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 179, note 104 p. 271
- ^ a b c Morris, 2004, p. 512
- ^ UN Doc S/1353 Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine Syria Israel Armistice Agreement of 20 July 1949
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 513, note 56
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 513
- ^ a b Morris, 1993, p. 362
- ^ a b Morris, 1993, p. 363
- ^ Morris, 1993, p. 363, citing Shalev: Shituf-Peula, 168-73
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from the original on 2018-12-08. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
- Hartal, Moshe (2010-10-05). "Hammat Gader, 'Ein el-Jarab". <> (122). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel. ISSN 1565-5334.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 0-19-827850-0.
- ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- ISBN 978-90-04-25097-0. (Sharon, 2013, p. 283)