Lists of office-holders

These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.

A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.

Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (

State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year

.

Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g.

military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state

.

Heads of international organizations

President of the European Council
President of the European Commission
United Nations Secretary-General
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
International Monetary Fund Managing Directors
Director-General of the World Trade Organization
NATO Secretaries General
FIFA presidents
International Olympic Committee Presidents

Heads of state or government

Africa

Eastern Africa

Rulers of Burundi
Comoros:
- Rulers of Comoros
- Sultans on the Comoros
Rulers of Kenya
Rulers of Madagascar
- Monarchs of Madagascar (until 1897)
- Colonial Heads of Madagascar
- List of presidents of Madagascar
Malawi (former Nyasaland, former British Central Africa Protectorate)
- Heads of state of Malawi
- Heads of government of Malawi
- Colonial heads of Malawi (Nyasaland)
  - Rulers of Malawi
  - Rulers of Nkamanga
  - Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Jere (Qeko)
  - Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani)
Mauritius
- Queen of Mauritius
- Presidents of Mauritius
- Governors-General of Mauritius
- Prime Ministers of Mauritius
Mozambique
- Heads of state of Mozambique
- Heads of government of Mozambique
- Heads of National Resistance Government of Mozambique
- Colonial heads of Mozambique
  - Colonial heads of Delagoa Bay
Rwanda
- Kings of Rwanda
- Presidents of Rwanda
- Prime Ministers of Rwanda
Seychelles
- Presidents of Seychelles
Tanzania
- Presidents of Tanzania
- Prime Ministers of Tanzania
- Presidents of Zanzibar
- Prime Ministers of Zanzibar
  - Governors-General of Tanganyika
  - Presidents of Tanganyika
  - Sultans of Zanzibar
Uganda
- Governors-General of Uganda
- Presidents of Uganda
- Prime Ministers of Uganda
- Kings of Nkole
- Kings of Buganda
Zambia
- Presidents of Zambia
Zimbabwe
- Munhumutapa emperors
- Prime Ministers of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
- Prime Ministers of Rhodesia
- Presidents of Rhodesia
- Presidents of Zimbabwe

Horn of Africa

Rulers of Djibouti
Rulers of Eritrea
Rulers of Ethiopia
Somalia: Presidents of Somalia
Presidents of Somaliland
Puntland: Presidents of Puntland

Middle Africa

Angola
- Heads of state of Angola (see also: Presidents of Angola
  with information specific to that post)
- Heads of government of Angola (see also: Prime Minister of Angola
  with information specific to that post)

Cameroon
- Heads of state of Cameroon
- Heads of government of Cameroon
- Colonial heads of British Cameroon (Cameroons)
  - Heads of government of British Cameroon (Cameroons)
  - Colonial heads of French Cameroon (Cameroun)
  - Heads of government of French Cameroon (Cameroun)
  - Colonial heads of German Cameroon (Kamerun)
  - Colonial heads of Ambas Bay (Victoria Colony)
  - Rulers of Bamoun (Mum)
  - Rulers of Mandara
Central African Republic
- Heads of state of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
- Heads of government of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
- Colonial heads of Central Africa (Oubangui-Chari)
Chad
- Heads of state of Chad
- Heads of government of Chad
- Colonial heads of Chad
  - Rulers of Baguirmi
  - Rulers of Wada’i
- Kanem-Bornu emperors
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire/'Congo-Kinshasa')
- Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Heads of government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Heads of state of the Congo Free State
- Colonial heads of Congo
  - Rulers of Katanga
  - Rulers of Kuba
  - Rulers of Luba
  - Rulers of Ruund (Luunda)
  - Rulers of Kasongo Luunda (Yaka)
  - Rulers of Kongo
  - Kongo
- Rulers of Kongo
Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville)
- Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
- Heads of government of the Republic of the Congo
  - Colonial heads of French Equatorial Africa
Equatorial Guinea
- Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea
- Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea
- Colonial heads of Equatorial Guinea (Fernando Poo/Spanish Guinea)
Gabon
- Heads of state of Gabon
- Heads of government of Gabon
- Colonial heads of Gabon
  - Rulers of Orungu
São Tomé and Príncipe
- Heads of state of São Tomé and Príncipe
- Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe
- Presidents of the Regional Government of Príncipe
- Colonial Heads of São Tomé and Príncipe

Northern Africa

Algeria
- People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
  - Heads of state of Algeria
  - Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria
    with information specific to that post)
- French Algeria (French departements)
  - French Governors of Algeria
- Ottoman regency of Algiers
  - Ottoman Pashas and Deys of the Regency of Algiers
- Tlemcen (Western Algeria) before the Ottomans
  - Ziyanid
    dynasty
- Western Ifriqiya (Eastern Algeria) before the Ottomans
  - Hammadid dynasty
Egypt
- Rulers of Egypt
- Heads of government of Egypt
- Colonial heads of Egypt
- Pharaohs
- Egyptian dynasties
- Bahri dynasty
  of Egypt
- Burji dynasty
  of Egypt
- Ayyubid dynasty
- Fatimid Caliphs
- Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty
Libya
- Heads of state of Libya
- Heads of government of Libya
- Colonial heads of Libya
  - Colonial Heads of Tripolitania
  - Colonial heads of Cyrenaica
  - Colonial heads of Fezzan
- Governors of Spanish and Hospitaller Tripoli
- Rulers of Ottoman Libya
- Chiefs of the Senussi order
- Cyrene: Kings of Cyrene
Morocco
- List of rulers of Morocco
- Heads of government of Morocco
  - French Resident Ministers in Morocco
  - Spanish High Commissioners in Morocco
  - Administrators of the Tangier International Zone
- Alaouite dynasty
- Saadi dynasty
- Wattasid dynasty
- Marinid dynasty
- Almohad dynasty
- Almoravid dynasty
- Idrisid dynasty
- Presidents of Western Sahara
Sudan (formerly Anglo-Egyptian -)
- Presidents of Sudan
- Prime Ministers of Sudan
- Presidents of Southern Sudan
- Vice-Presidents of Southern Sudan
- Kings of Makuria
- Kings of Sennar
- Kush
  - Kushite Kings
  - List of Egyptian viceroys of Kush
Tunisia
- Presidents of Tunisia
- Prime Ministers of Tunisia
- Beys of Tunis
- Hafsid dynasty
- Zirid dynasty
- Aghlabid
  dynasty
- Carthage: Kings of Carthage

Southern Africa

Botswana
- Heads of state of Botswana
- Heads of government of Botswana
- List of commissioners of Bechuanaland
  - Rulers of baKgatla
  - Rulers of baKwêna
  - Rulers of Balete (baMalete)
  - Rulers of baNgwaketse
  - Rulers of Bangwato (bamaNgwato)
  - Rulers of baRôlông
  - Rulers of baTawana
  - Rulers of baTlôkwa
Lesotho
- Kings of Lesotho
- Heads of government of Lesotho
Namibia
- Presidents of Namibia
- Prime Ministers of Namibia
South Africa
- List of Bhaca kings
- List of Hlubi Kings
- List of Mpondo Kings
- List of Mpondomise Kings
- List of Ndebele Kings
- List of Thembu Kings
- Chiefs
- List of Zulu kings
- Governors-General of South Africa
- State President of South Africa
- Prime Ministers of South Africa
- Homelands Leaders:
  - Heads of state of Bophuthatswana
  - Heads of state of Ciskei
  - Chief Ministers of Gazankulu
  - Chief Ministers of KaNgwane
  - Chief Ministers of KwaNdebele
  - Chief Ministers of KwaZulu
  - Chief Ministers of Lebowa
  - Chief Ministers of QwaQwa
  - Heads of government of Transkei
  - Heads of state of Transkei
  - Heads of state of Venda
- President of South Africa
- South African Premiers
Swaziland
- Kings of Swaziland
- Heads of government of Swaziland

Western Africa

Benin (former Dahomey)
- Heads of state of Benin
- Heads of government of Benin
- Colonial heads of Benin (Dahomey and Porto-Novo)
  - Colonial heads of São João Baptista de Ajudá
  - Rulers of Hogbonu (Ajashe/Porto-Novo)
- Bariba (Borgu) states
  - Rulers of the Bariba state of Kandi
  - Rulers of the Bariba state of Kwande
  - Rulers of the Bariba state of Nikki
  - Rulers of the Bariba state of Paraku
- Berba states
  - Rulers of the Berba state of Gwande
- Ewe states
  - Rulers of the Ewe state of Agwe
- Fon states
  - Rulers of the Fon state of Alada (Allada)
  - Rulers of the Fon state of Danhome (Agbome) (Dahomey)
  - Rulers of the Fon state of Savi Hweda
- Gurmanche states
  - Rulers of the Gurmanche state of Jugu (Sugu)
- Mahi states
  - Rulers of the Mahi state of Fitta
  - Rulers of the Mahi state of Savalu
- Yoruba states
  - Rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa
  - Rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha
  - Rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu
  - Rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe
Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta)
- Heads of state of Burkina Faso
- Prime Minister of Burkina Faso
  with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
- List of rulers of Liptako
- Mossi States
  :-
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Gwiriko
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo
  - Rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu
  - Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela
Cape Verde
- Heads of state of Cape Verde
- Prime Minister of Cape Verde
  with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Cape Verde
Ivory Coast
The Gambia
- Governors-General of the Gambia
  )
- Heads of government of the Gambia
- Colonial Heads of the Gambia
Rulers of Ghana
- Heads of state of Ghana
- Emperors of Ghana
Guinea
- Heads of state of Guinea
- Heads of government of Guinea
- Colonial heads of Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
- Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau
- Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau
- Colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea
  - Colonial heads of Bissau
  - Colonial heads of Cacheu
Liberia
- Presidents of Liberia
- Agents and Governors of Liberia
  - Colonial heads of Maryland
  - Colonial heads of Mississippi
  - Colonial Heads of Port Cresson and Bassa Cove
Mali (former French Sudan)
- Heads of state of Mali
- Heads of government of Mali
- Colonial heads of Mali
- Emperors of Mali, see Mali Empire
- Kings of Mali, see Mansa
- Songhai emperors, see Songhai Empire
Mauritania
- Heads of state of Mauritania
- Heads of government of Mauritania
- Colonial heads of Mauritania
Niger
- Heads of state of Niger
- Heads of government of Niger
Nigeria
- Governors-General of Nigeria
- Presidents of Nigeria
- Presidents of Biafra
- List of Sultans of Sokoto
Senegal
- Presidents of Senegal
Sierra Leone
- Governors-General of Sierra Leone
- Presidents of Sierra Leone
- Heads of government of Sierra Leone
Togo
- Heads of State of Togo
- Heads of government of Togo

Americas

Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda
- Governors-General of Antigua and Barbuda
- Prime Ministers of Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
- Governors-General of the Bahamas
- Heads of government of the Bahamas
- Colonial heads of the Bahamas
Barbados
- Presidents of Barbados
- Prime Ministers of Barbados
Cuba
- First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (de facto leader)
- Presidents of Cuba
- Premiers of Cuba
- Colonial heads of Cuba
Dominica
- Presidents of Dominica
- Prime Ministers of Dominica
Dominican Republic
- Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Grenada
- Governors-General of Grenada
- Prime Ministers of Grenada
- Colonial heads of Grenada
- Colonial heads of the Windward Islands
Haiti
- List of colonial governors of Saint-Domingue
- Presidents of Haiti
Jamaica
- Governors-General of Jamaica
- Prime Ministers of Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Governors-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
- Governors-General of Saint Lucia
- Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Governors-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Prime Ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
- Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago
- Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago

Central America

Belize
- Governors-General of Belize
- Prime Ministers of Belize
- Maya rulers of Caracol, see Caracol
Costa Rica
- Presidents of Costa Rica
El Salvador
- Presidents of El Salvador
Guatemala
- Presidents of Guatemala
- Maya rulers of Tikal, see Tikal
Honduras
- Presidents of Honduras
- Maya kings of Xukpi, see Copán
Nicaragua
- Presidents of Nicaragua
Panama
- Presidents of Panama

North America

Canada
- Office-holders of Canada
Mexico
- Presidents of Mexico
- Mexican monarchs
- Hueyi Tlatoani
- Maya rulers of Calakmul, see Calakmul
- Maya rulers of Palenque, see Palenque
- Maya rulers of Tonina, see Tonina
- Toltec rulers
- Viceroys of New Spain
United States
- Office-holders of the United States

South America

Argentina
- Presidents of Argentina
Bolivia
- Presidents of Bolivia
Brazil
- Brazilian monarchs
- Presidents of Brazil
  - Governors of Distrito Federal
  - Governors of Minas Gerais
    - Mayors of Belo Horizonte
  - Governors of Rio de Janeiro
    - Mayors of Rio de Janeiro
  - Governors of São Paulo
Chile
- Presidents of Chile
  - Governors of Cardenal Caro
    - Mayors of Pichilemu
- Kings of Easter Island
- Royal Governors of Chile
Colombia
- Presidents of Colombia
  - List of governors of Quindío Department
Ecuador
- Presidents of Ecuador
- Heads of State of Ecuador
Guyana
- Governors-General of Guyana
- Presidents of Guyana
- Prime Ministers of Guyana
Paraguay
- Presidents of Paraguay
Peru
- Presidents of Peru
- Incan emperors, see Inca Empire
- Viceroys of Peru
Suriname
- Presidents of Suriname
Uruguay
- Presidents of Uruguay
Venezuela
- Presidents of Venezuela

Asia

South Asia

Afghanistan
- Afghan Transitional Administration personnel
- Leaders of Afghanistan
- Prime ministers of Afghanistan
  - Rulers of Kabul
  - Rulers of Herat
  - Rulers of Kandahar
  - Rulers of Peshawar
  - Rulers of Ghazni
- Ghaznavid emperors, see Ghaznavid Empire
- Kabul Shahi dynasty
  - Turk Shahi
    dynasty
  - Hindu Shahi
    dynasty
Bangladesh
- Presidents of Bangladesh
- Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
Bhutan
- Kings of Bhutan
- Prime Ministers of Bhutan
India

List of Indian monarchs

List of head of states of India

List of prime ministers of India

Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators of Indian States and Union Territories

Chief Ministers of Indian States
Maldives
- Sultans of the Maldives
- Presidents of the Maldives
Nepal
- List of monarchs of Nepal
- Prime Ministers of Nepal
Pakistan
- Presidents of Pakistan
- Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Sri Lanka
- Presidents of Sri Lanka
- Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka

Western Asia

Armenia
- Kings of Urartu
- List of Armenian Kings
- Kings of Kommagene
- Shaddadid
  dynasty
- President of Armenia
- Prime Minister of Armenia
Azerbaijan
- Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania
- Mihranids
- Presidents of Azerbaijan
- Prime Ministers of Azerbaijan
- Presidents of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
Bahrain
- Monarchs of Bahrain
Cyprus
- Kings of Cyprus
  - Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus
- Presidents of Cyprus
- Presidents of Northern Cyprus
- Prime Ministers of Northern Cyprus
Georgia
- Lists of Georgian monarchs
- Colchis
- Kingdom of Abkhazia
  - Divan of the Abkhazian Kings
- List of sovereigns of Kakheti
- Kingdom of Imereti
  - Gurieli
- Emirs of Tbilisi
- List of leaders of Georgia
- Prime Minister of Georgia
- Chairman of the Government of Adjara
- Presidents of Abkhazia
- Prime Ministers of Abkhazia
- Presidents of South Ossetia
- Prime Ministers of South Ossetia
Iran
- List of heads of state of Iran
- List of monarchs of Persia
- Supreme Leader of Iran
- List of presidents of Iran
- List of premiers of Iran
- List of prime ministers of Iran
Iraq
- Sumer
  - List of Mesopotamian dynasties
- Akkad
  - Kings of Akkad
- Gutian kings
- Kings of Assyria
- Kings of Babylon
- Rulers of Adiabene
- Abbasid Caliphs
- Annazid
  dynasty
- Kings of Iraq
- Presidents of Iraq
- Prime Ministers of Iraq
- Civilian Administrator of Iraq
Israel
Jordan (formerly Transjordan)
- Kings of Jordan
- Rulers of Nabatea
Kuwait
- Emirs of Kuwait
- Al-Sabah
Lebanon
- Presidents of Lebanon
- Prime Ministers of Lebanon
- Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon
Oman (formerly Muscat (and Oman))
- Sultans of Oman
Qatar
- Emirs of Qatar
Saudi Arabia
- Sharif of Mecca
- Kings of Saudi Arabia
Syria
- Presidents of Syria
- Prime Ministers of Syria
- Kings of Syria
- Osroene
- Rulers of Damascus
- Zengid dynasty
- Counts of Edessa
- Princes of Antioch
  - Officers of the Principality of Antioch
- Emirs of Shaizar
- Ghassanid kings
- Rulers of Aleppo
- Hanilgalbat: Kings of Hanilgabat, see Hanilgalbat and Mitanni
- Kings of Ugarit
Turkey
- List of Hittite kings
- Kings of Arzawa
- Kings of Lydia
- Kings of Bithynia
- Kings of Cappadocia
- Attalid Kings of Pergamon
- Kings of Pontus
  - Pharnacid Dynasty
- Kings of Galatia
- Byzantine Emperors
  - Tetrarchy
- List of Latin Emperors
- Empire of Trebizond
- Seljuk sultans of Rüm
- Anatolian beyliks
- List of Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
- Prime Ministers of Turkey
- Presidents of Turkey
United Arab Emirates
- Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates
- Presidents of the United Arab Emirates
Yemen
- Presidents of Yemen
- Prime Ministers of Yemen
- Presidents of North Yemen
- Prime Ministers of North Yemen
- Presidents of South Yemen
- Prime Ministers of South Yemen

Europe

Eastern Europe

Belarus
Moldova
- Presidents of Moldova
- Prime Ministers of Moldova
- Governors of Gagauzia
- Presidents of Transnistria
- Prime Ministers of Transnistria
Romania
- Dacian kings
- Rulers of Wallachia
- Rulers of Moldavia
- Rulers of Transylvania
- List of heads of state of Romania
- Prime Ministers of Romania
Russia and the Soviet Union
- List of Russian monarchs
- Leaders of the Soviet Union
- President of the Soviet Union
- Premier of the Soviet Union
- Presidents of Russia
- Prime Ministers of Russia
- Khans of the Golden Horde
- List of Kazan khans
- List of Khazar rulers
- Rulers of Kievan Rus'
- Grand Prince of Tver
Ukraine
- Rulers of Kievan Rus'
- List of rulers of Halych and Volhynia
- Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks
- List of Crimean khans
- Presidents of Ukraine
- Prime Ministers of Ukraine

Northern Europe

Denmark
- Danish monarchs
- Prime Ministers of Denmark
- List of legendary kings of Denmark
- Faroe Islands
- Faroese monarchs
- Prime Ministers of the Faroe Islands
- Governor of the Faroe Islands
- Greenland
- Prime Ministers of Greenland
- Governors of Greenland
- Inspectors of Greenland
Estonia
- Estonian rulers
- Heads of government of Estonia
- Presidents of Estonia
- State Elders of Estonia
Finland
- Prime Ministers of Finland
- Presidents of Finland
- Finnish rulers
- Provincial Governors of Finland
- Premiers of Åland
Iceland
- Presidents of Iceland
- Prime Ministers of Iceland
- Icelandic rulers
- List of lawspeakers, see Lawspeaker
Ireland:
Rulers of Ireland
Latvia
- Presidents of Latvia
- Prime Ministers of Latvia
Lithuania
- List of Lithuanian rulers
- Presidents of Lithuania
- Prime Ministers of Lithuania
Norway
- Norwegian monarchs
  - Line of succession to the Norwegian Throne
- Legendary kings of Norway
- Norwegian Prime Ministers
Sweden
- Swedish monarchs
- Prime Ministers of Sweden
- Swedish Field Marshals
- County Governors of Sweden
- Swedish semi-legendary kings
- Mythological kings of Sweden
- Kings of Geatland

Blekinge Governors
Dalarna Governors
Gävleborg Governors
Gotland Governors
Halland Governors
Jämtland Governors
Jönköping Governors
Kalmar Governors
Kronoberg Governors
Norrbotten Governors
Skåne Governors
Stockholm Governors
Södermanland Governors
Uppsala Governors
Värmland Governors
Västerbotten Governors
Västernorrland Governors
Västmanland Governors
Västra Götaland Governors
Örebro Governors
Östergötland Governors

United Kingdom:
List of rulers of the United Kingdom and predecessor states

Central Europe

Austria
- Rulers of Austria
- Emperors of Austria
- Foreign Ministers of Austria-Hungary
- Ministers-President of Austria
- Federal Presidents of Austria
- Chancellors of Austria (Vice Chancellors of Austria
  )
- Habsburg
- Babenberg
- Margraves, dukes, and archdukes of Austria
- Dukes of Styria, see Styria (duchy)
- Dukes of Carinthia, see Carinthia (duchy)
Czech Republic
- Rulers of Bohemia (Czech lands)
- List of presidents of Czechoslovakia
- List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia
- List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
- Presidents of the Czech Republic
- Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic
Germany:
Rulers of Germany
Hungary
- List of Hungarian rulers
- List of heads of state of Hungary
- Prime Ministers of Hungary
Liechtenstein
- Princes of Liechtenstein
- Liechtenstein Heads of Government
Poland
- Polish rulers
- Dukes of Silesia
- Dukes of Mazovia
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Łęczyca
- Dukes of Sieradz
- Duchy of Cieszyn
- Dukes of Pomerania
- List of prime ministers of Poland
- List of Polish presidents
Slovakia
- Presidents of Slovakia
- Prime Ministers of Slovakia
- Parliament leaders of Slovakia
Switzerland
- Members of the Swiss Federal Council
  - Presidents of the Confederation
  - Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see Military of Switzerland
  - Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see International relations of Switzerland
  - Heads of the
    Department of Home Affairs
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Finance
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
  - Heads of the
    Federal Department of Economic Affairs
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Justice and Police
- Federal Chancellors of Switzerland
- Presidents of the Swiss National Council
- Presidents of the Swiss Council of States
- Members of the Swiss National Council
- Members of the Swiss Council of States
- Chief Justices of the Swiss Supreme Court
- Presidents of the Swiss Diet
  (before 1848)

Southern Europe

Albania
- List of rulers of Illyria
- Monarchs of Albania
- Prime Ministers of Albania
- Presidents of Albania
Andorra
- Co-Princes of Andorra
  - Bishop of Urgell
- Prime Ministers of Andorra
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- List of rulers of Bosnia
- Members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
- Thracian kings
- Kings of Odrysia
- Roman governors of Lower Moesia
- Bulgarian monarchs
- Prime Ministers of Bulgaria
- Presidents of Bulgaria
Croatia
- List of rulers of Croatia
- Presidents of Croatia
- Prime Ministers of Croatia
  - Governors and Heads of State of Fiume
  - Heads of state of Krajina
  - Heads of government of Krajina
Greece:
Rulers of Greece
Italy:
Rulers of Italy
Kosovo
- Presidents of Kosovo
- Prime Minister of Kosovo
North Macedonia
- Presidents of North Macedonia
- Prime Ministers of North Macedonia
Malta
- Presidents of Malta, 1974–present
- Prime Ministers of Malta
  , 1921–1933, 1947–1958, 1962–present
- Monarchs of Malta
  , 1091–1798, 1800–1974
- Grand Masters of Malta
  , 1530–1798
- Civil Commissioners of Malta
  , 1799–1813
- Governors of Malta
  , 1813–1964
- Governors-General of Malta
  , 1964–1974
Montenegro
- Rulers of Montenegro
- List of presidents of Montenegro
- Prime Minister of Montenegro
Portugal
- Portuguese monarchs
- Dukes of Braganza
- Princes of Beira
- Prime Ministers of Portugal
- Presidents of Portugal
- List of Portuguese monarchs
San Marino
- Captains Regent of San Marino
  , 1900–present
- Captains Regent of San Marino, 1700–1900
- Captains Regent of San Marino, 1500–1700
- Captains Regent of San Marino, 1243–1500
Serbia
- Presidents of Serbia
- Prime Ministers of Serbia
- President of the Government of Vojvodina
- List of heads of state of Yugoslavia
- Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
- President of Serbia and Montenegro
- Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
- Monarchs of Serbia
- Princes of Zeta
Slovenia
- Presidents of Slovenia
- Prime Minister of Slovenia
Spain
- Rulers of Spain
- Presidents of Spain
- Prime Ministers of Spain
Vatican City/Holy See

Western Europe

Belgium
- Belgian monarchs
- Prime Ministers of Belgium
- Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
- Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region
- Minister-President of Flanders
- Minister-President of Wallonia
- Minister-President of the French Community
- Minister-President of the German-speaking Community
France:
Rulers of France
Luxembourg
- Prime ministers of Luxembourg
- Monarchs of Luxembourg
Monaco
- Princes of Monaco
  - Succession to the Monegasque Throne
- Ministers of State
- Prime Ministers of Monaco
Netherlands
- Dutch monarchy
- Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
- List of rulers of the Netherlands
- Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
- Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium):
- Rulers of East Frisia
- Rulers of Frisia
- Prince of Orange
- Duke of Brabant
- Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom
- Dukes and counts of Guelders
- Duke of Lower Lorraine
- Count of Bouillon
- Count of Flanders
- Count of Hainaut
- Count of Holland
- Counts of Leuven
- Bishop of Utrecht
- Marquis of Namur

Oceania

Australasia

Australia
- Monarchs of Australia
- Governors-General of Australia
- Cabinet of Australia
  - Prime Ministers of Australia
  - Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia
  - Attorneys General for Australia
  - Ministers for Defence
  - Ministers for Foreign Affairs
  - Treasurers of Australia

Premiers of New South Wales
Premiers of Queensland
Premiers of South Australia
Premiers of Tasmania
Premiers of Victoria
Premier of Western Australia
Heads of government of Norfolk Island
Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory
Governors of New South Wales
Governors of Queensland
Governors of South Australia
Governors of Tasmania
Governors of Victoria
Governor of Western Australia
Administrative Heads of Norfolk Island
Administrator of the Northern Territory
Administrative Heads of Jervis Bay
Administrative Heads of Australian Antarctic Territory
Administrative Heads of Macquarie Island

Cocos Islands
- King of the Cocos Islands
New Zealand
- Governors-General of New Zealand
- New Zealand Cabinet
  - Prime Ministers of New Zealand
  - Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
  - Ministers of Finance
  - Ministers of Foreign Affairs
- Speakers of the House of Representatives
- Māori Kings and Queens
Mayors of Auckland
Mayors of Christchurch
Mayors of Dunedin
Mayors of Wellington

Melanesia

Fiji
- Chairmen of Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs
- Chief Justice of Fiji
- Colonial Governors of Fiji
- Fijian Heads of State
- Foreign Ministers of Fiji
- Governors-General of Fiji
- House of Representatives of Fiji (abolished in 2013)
- Ministers for Fijian Affairs
- Presidents of Fiji
- Prime Ministers of Fiji
- Senate of Fiji (abolished in 2013)
- Speakers of the Fijian House of Representatives
- Vice-Presidents of Fiji
Papua New Guinea
- Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
- Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
- Governor-General of Solomon Islands
- Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
- President of Vanuatu
- Prime Minister of Vanuatu

Micronesia

Kiribati
- President of Kiribati
Marshall Islands
- Presidents of the Marshall Islands
Federated States of Micronesia
- President of the Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
- President of Nauru
Palau
- President of Palau

Polynesia

Religious leaders

Christian

List of current Christian leaders

List of Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops

Catholic Church

List of popes
- Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller
  - Priors of St John of Jerusalem in England

Anglican Communion

List of Archbishops of Canterbury
Anglican Primates

Other denominations

General of The Salvation Army
Moderator of the United Church of Canada
President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Patriarchs of Constantinople

Judaism

Chief Rabbis of the United Kingdom
Chief Rabbis of Israel

Islam

Caliphate
Shi'a Imam
Grand Mufti

Hinduism

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Arya Samaja

Buddhist

Other lists

Ministers by portfolio

Defence minister
Finance minister
Foreign minister
Interior minister
Justice minister

Municipal leaders

External links

Current Heads of State
Archontology, by Oleg Schultz
Rulers, by B. Schemmel – detailed lists (including regional and religious leaders) from 1700.
World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon
World Political Leaders, by Roberto Ortiz de Zárate

This article includes an officeholders-related list of lists.