List of human hormones

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens. Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. For example, current North American and international usage uses [citation needed] estrogen and gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek digraph in oestrogen and favours the earlier spelling gonadotrophin.

Hormone listing

SN Name. Abbr. Type Tissue Cells Receptor Target tissue Effect
1 Adrenaline

(or epinephrine)

EPI Amino acid derivative adrenal gland Adrenal medulla / Tyrosine adrenergic receptor nearly all tissues increase systolic blood pressure, glycogenolysis, lipolysis , increase cardiac output, influence goosebumps, etc.
2 Melatonin MT Amino acid derivative pineal gland Pinealocyte / Tryptophan melatonin receptor CNS and peripheral tissue
sleep–wake cycle
3 Noradrenaline

(or norepinephrine)

NE Amino acid derivative adrenal gland Adrenal medulla / Tyrosine
noradrenergic receptor
 nearly all tissues increases both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycogenolysis, lipolysis increases metabolism, etc.
4 Triiodothyronine T3 Amino acid derivative peripheral tissue of
thyroid gland
 Thyroid follicular cell / Tyrosine thyroid hormone receptor nearly every cell in the body increased metabolism
5
Thyroxine
 T4 Amino acid derivative
thyroid gland
 Thyroid follicular cell / Tyrosine thyroid hormone receptor nearly every cell in the body Control carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism and control physical, mental growth of body
6 Dopamine DA Amino acid derivative substantia nigra (mainly) Phenylalanine / Tyrosine D1 and D2 system-wide regulation of cellular cAMP levels, prolactin antagonist
7 Prostaglandins PG Eicosanoid All nucleated cells prostaglandin receptor vasodilation
8 Leukotrienes LT Eicosanoid Blood
white blood cells
 G protein-coupled receptors increase vascular permeability
9 Prostacyclin PGI2 Eicosanoid prostacyclin receptor vasodilation, platelet activation inhibitor
10 Thromboxane TXA2 Eicosanoid Blood
platelets
 thromboxane receptor vasoconstriction, Platelet Aggregation
11 Amylin

(or Islet Amyloid Polypeptide)

IAPP Peptide pancreas pancreatic β-cells amylin receptor slowing down gastric emptying, inhibition of digestive secretion, in order to reduce food intake
12 Anti-Müllerian hormone

(or Müllerian-inhibiting factor/hormone)

AMH （or MIF or MIH) Peptide
testes
 Sertoli cell
AMHR2
 Inhibit release of prolactin and TRH from anterior pituitary
13 Adiponectin Acrp30 Peptide adipose tissue adiponectin receptors regulating glucose levels
14 Adrenocorticotropic hormone

(or corticotropin)

ACTH Peptide anterior pituitary
corticotrope
 ACTH receptor → cAMP synthesis of corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and androgens) in adrenocortical cells
15
Angiotensinogen
and

Angiotensin

AGT Peptide liver
angiotensin receptor
→ IP3		 vasoconstriction

release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex dipsogen.

16
Antidiuretic hormone

(or vasopressin, arginine vasopressin)

ADH Peptide posterior pituitary Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons in hypothalamus
Magnocellular neurosecretory cells in posterior pituitary
VACM-1
 Renal tubules of
Kidneys
(mainly)		 reabsorption of water in kidneys
moderate vasoconstriction
increase permeability of diastal tubule of nephrons (in Kidneys) to water
Release ACTH in anterior pituitary
17 Atrial natriuretic peptide

(or atriopeptin)

ANP Peptide heart ANP receptor → cGMP increase sodium and GFR excretion, antagonize venal constriction, inhibit renin secretion
18
Brain natriuretic peptide
 BNP Peptide heart[dubious – discuss] Cardiac myocytes NPR (To a minor degree than ANP) reduce blood pressure by:

reducing

systemic vascular resistance
, reducing blood water, sodium and
fats

19 Calcitonin CT Peptide
thyroid gland
 parafollicular cell CT receptor → cAMP Construct bone, reduce blood Ca2+
20 Cholecystokinin CCK Peptide duodenum CCK receptor Release of digestive enzymes from pancreas
Release of bile from gallbladder
Hunger suppressant
21 Corticotropin-releasing hormone CRH Peptide hypothalamus
CRF1
→ cAMP		 Release ACTH from anterior pituitary
22 Cortistatin CORT Peptide cerebral cortex inhibitory
neurons
 Somatostatin receptor depression of neuronal activity; induction of slow-wave sleep; reduction of locomotor activity; activation of cation selective currents not responsive to somatostatin
23 Enkephalin Peptide Kidney Chromaffin cells Opioid receptor Regulate pain
24 Endothelin Peptide Vascular endothelium
Endothelial cells
 ET receptor Smooth muscle contraction of medium-sized vessels
25 Erythropoietin EPO Peptide kidney Extraglomerular mesangial cells EpoR Stimulate
erythrocyte
production
26 Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH Peptide anterior pituitary
gonadotrope
 FSH receptor → cAMP In female: stimulates maturation of
Graafian follicles in ovary
.

In male:

testes

27 Galanin GAL Peptide central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract
GALR3
 modulation and inhibition of action potentials in neurons
28 Gastric inhibitory polypeptide GIP Peptide mucosa of the duodenum and the jejunum K cell GIPR Induces insulin secretion
29 Gastrin GAS Peptide stomach, duodenum G cell CCK2 Secretion of gastric acid by parietal cells
30 Ghrelin Peptide stomach P/D1 cell ghrelin receptor Stimulate appetite,

secretion of

anterior pituitary gland

31 Glucagon GCG Peptide pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
 Glucagon receptor → cAMP glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver , activates lipase enzyme in adipose tissue cells , increases blood glucose level , inhibits storage of triglyceride in liver
32 Glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP1 Peptide ileum
L cells
GLP1R, GLP2R
Islets of Langerhans
 Stimulates the adenylyl cyclase pathway, resulting in increased synthesis and release of insulin
33
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
 GnRH Peptide hypothalamus GnRH receptor → IP3 pituitary gland Release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary.
34
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
 GHRH Peptide hypothalamus GHRH receptor → IP3 pituitary gland Release GH from anterior pituitary
35 Hepcidin HAMP Peptide liver ferroportin inhibits iron export from cells
36
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
 HCG Peptide placenta syncytiotrophoblast cells LH receptor → cAMP promote maintenance of
human embryo
, serves as the basis of early pregnancy test
37 Human placental lactogen HPL Peptide placenta increase production of
IGF-1

increase insulin resistance and carbohydrate intolerance

38 Growth hormone GH or hGH Peptide anterior pituitary
somatotropes
 GH receptor stimulates
growth and cell
reproduction

Release Insulin-like growth factor 1 from liver

39
Inhibin
 Peptide
testes, ovary, fetus
granulosa cells of ovary
trophoblasts
in foetus		 anterior pituitary Inhibit production of
FSH
40 Insulin

also called hypoglycemic hormone and anti ketogenic hormone ||

Peptide pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
 insulin receptor, IGF-1, IGF-2 Intake of
neoglucogenesis
,

intake of

Krebs cycle , inhibits prodiction of ketone bodies, inactivates phosphorylase
enzyme , Other anabolic effects

41 Insulin-like growth factor

(or somatomedin)

IGF Peptide liver Hepatocytes insulin receptor, IGF-1 insulin-like effects

regulate cell growth and development

42 Leptin LEP Peptide adipose tissue LEP-R decrease of appetite and increase of metabolism.
43 Lipotropin LPH Peptide anterior pituitary
Corticotropes
melanocytes to produce melanin
44 Luteinizing hormone LH Peptide anterior pituitary
gonadotropes
 LHR → cAMP In female: ovulation

In male: stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone

45
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
 MSH or α-MSH Peptide anterior pituitary/pars intermedia Melanotroph melanocortin receptor → cAMP
melanogenesis by melanocytes in skin and hair
46 Motilin MLN Peptide Small intestine Motilin receptor stimulates gastric activity
47 Orexin Peptide hypothalamus OX1, OX2 wakefulness and increased energy expenditure, increased appetite
48 Osteocalcin OCN Peptide Skeleton
Osteoblasts
 Gprc6a
Testes
 Favors muscle function, memory formation, testosterone synthesis and energy expenditure[1]
49 Oxytocin

(or pitocin)

OXT Peptide posterior pituitary Magnocellular neurosecretory cells OXT receptor → IP3 release breast milk

Stimulates contraction of

circadian homeostasis (body temperature, activity level, wakefulness).[3]

50 Pancreatic polypeptide Peptide Pancreas
PP cells
 pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 Self-regulation of pancreatic secretions (endocrine and exocrine). It also affects hepatic glycogen levels and gastrointestinal secretions.
51 Parathyroid hormone PTH Peptide parathyroid gland parathyroid chief cell PTH receptor → cAMP increase blood Ca2+:

(Slightly) decrease blood phosphate:

  • (decreased reuptake in kidney but increased uptake from bones
  • activate vitamin D )
52 Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide PACAP Peptide multiple ADCYAP1R1, VIPR1, VIPR2 Stimulates
enterochromaffin-like cells
53 Prolactin

(or leuteotropic hormone)

PRL Peptide anterior pituitary, uterus
lactotrophs of anterior pituitary
Decidual cells
of uterus		 PRL receptor milk production in
sexual acts
54 Prolactin-releasing hormone PRLH Peptide hypothalamus Release prolactin from anterior pituitary
55 Relaxin RLN Peptide Corpus luteum, Uterus, placenta, and Mammary gland Decidual cells RLN receptor Relaxation of muscle and ligament tissues in female humans as preparation for menstruation. Anticipatory release for ductus deferens in males. Cardiac vasodilator.
56 Renin Peptide Kidney Juxtaglomerular cells Activates the
angiotensinogen
57 Secretin SCT Peptide duodenum S cell SCT receptor Secretion of
Brunner's glands

Enhances effects of cholecystokinin Stops production of gastric juice

58 Somatostatin

(or growth hormone–inhibiting hormone or

growth hormone release–inhibiting hormone or

somatotropin release–inhibiting factor or somatotropin release–inhibiting hormone)

GHIH or GHRIH or SRIF or SRIH Peptide
gastrointestinal system
 delta cells in islets
Neuroendocrince cells of the Periventricular nucleus in hypothalamus		 Somatostatin receptor Inhibit release of
gastrointestinal system

Lowers rate of gastric emptying

Reduces

alpha cells[5]
Suppress the exocrine secretory action of pancreas
.

59 Thrombopoietin TPO Peptide
striated muscle
Myocytes
 TPO receptor megakaryocytes produce
platelets[6]
60 Thyroid-stimulating hormone

(or thyrotropin)

TSH Peptide anterior pituitary
thyrotropes
 Thyrotropin receptor → cAMP
thyroid gland
 secrete
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine
(T3)
61 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone TRH Peptide hypothalamus Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons TRHR → IP3 anterior pituitary Release thyroid-stimulating hormone (primarily)
Stimulate prolactin release
62 Vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP Peptide
suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus
 Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor stimulates
gall bladder
63 Guanylin GN Peptide gut guanylate cyclase 2C (heat stable enterotoxin receptor) regulates 
epithelia
.
64 Uroguanylin UGN Peptide renal tissues guanylate cyclase 2C (heat stable enterotoxin receptor) regulates 
epithelia
.

Steroid

Main article: Steroid
Name Chemical Class Abbreviation Tissue Cells Receptor Target Tissue Effect
Testosterone androgen
testes, ovary
Leydig cells
 AR
muscle mass and strength, increased bone density
, growth and strength,

axillary hair
.

Dehydroepiandrosterone androgen DHEA
testes, ovary, kidney
Leydig cells
of testes		 AR
anabolic
Androstenedione androgen
gonads
 AR Substrate for estrogen
Dihydrotestosterone androgen DHT multiple AR 5-DHT or DHT is a male reproductive hormone that targets the prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles, penis and scrotum and promotes growth/mitosis/cell maturation and differentiation. Testosterone is converted to 5-DHT by 5alpha-reductase, usually with in the target tissues of 5-DHT because of the need for high concentrations of 5-dht to produce the physiological effects.
Aldosterone mineralocorticoid adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa) MR Increase
kidneys
(primarily)

Potassium and H+ secretion in kidney.

Estradiol estrogen E2 females:
testes
 females:
granulosa cells, males: Sertoli cell
 ER Females:

Structural:

Coagulation:

  • increase circulating level of
    plasminogen
  • increase platelet adhesiveness

Fluid balance:

Gastrointestinal tract:

  • reduce bowel motility
  • increase cholesterol in bile

Lung function:

Males: Prevent apoptosis of germ cells[8]

Estrone estrogen ovary
granulosa cells, Adipocytes
 ER
Estriol estrogen E3 placenta syncytiotrophoblast ER
Cortisol glucocorticoid adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata and zona reticularis cells) GR Stimulation of gluconeogenesis

Inhibition of glucose uptake in muscle and

adipose
tissue Mobilization of
amino acids from extrahepatic
tissues Stimulation of
fat breakdown
in adipose tissue
immunosuppressive

Progesterone progestogen
adrenal glands, placenta
(when pregnant)
Granulosa cells theca cells
of ovary		 PR Support pregnancy:[9]
  • Convert
    endometrium
    to secretory stage
  • Make cervical mucus permeable to sperm
  • Inhibit
    human embryo
    .
  • Decrease uterine smooth muscle contractility[9]
  • Inhibit lactation
  • Inhibit onset of
    labor
  • Support
    adrenal
    mineralo- and glucosteroids

Other:

Calcitriol secosteroid (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)
kidneys
 VDR Active form of
vitamin D3

Increase absorption of

kidneys
inhibit release of PTH

Calcidiol
 secosteroid (25-hydroxyvitamin D3)
kidneys
 VDR Inactive form of
vitamin D3

References

  1. PMID 26967290
    .
  2. PMID 15931222
    .
  3. ^ "Scientific American Mind, "Rhythm and Blues"; June/July 2007; Scientific American Mind; by Ulrich Kraft". Archived from the original on 2008-12-06. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
  4. ^ http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/otherendo/somatostatin.html Colorado State University - Biomedical Hypertextbooks - Somatostatin
  5. ^ a b Nosek, Thomas M. "Section 5/5ch4/s5ch4_17". Essentials of Human Physiology. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24.
  6. PMID 16687716
    .
  7. PMID 15298854
    .
  8. PMID 10843196
    .
  9. ^ a b Placental Hormones
  10. ^ Nosek, Thomas M. "Section 5/5ch9/s5ch9_13". Essentials of Human Physiology. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24.
  11. PMID 3184927
    .
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