CD68
| CD68 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | ||||||
Ensembl | ||||||
| UniProt | ||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | ||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | ||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 17: 7.58 – 7.58 Mb | Chr 11: 69.56 – 69.56 Mb | ||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | ||||
| View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
CD68 (Cluster of Differentiation 68) is a protein highly expressed by cells in the monocyte lineage (e.g., monocytic phagocytes, osteoclasts), by circulating macrophages, and by tissue macrophages (e.g., Kupffer cells, microglia).[5]
Structure and function
Human CD68 is a Type I
Chromosome 17.[7] Other names or aliases for this gene in humans and other animals include: CD68 Molecule, CD68 Antigen, GP110, Macrosialin, Scavenger Receptor Class D, Member 1, SCARD1, and LAMP4.[7][8]
The mouse equivalent is known as "macrosialin".
CD68 is functionally and evolutionarily related to other gene/protein family members, including:[6][8][9]
- the hematopoietic mucin-like family of molecules that includes leukosialin/CD43 and stem cell antigen CD34;
- the cell surface);
- the activation of macrophages.
Use in pathology and research
leukaemia (the latter being CD68 negative). Its presence in macrophages also makes it useful in diagnosing conditions related to proliferation or abnormality of these cells, such as malignant histiocytosis, histiocytic lymphoma, and Gaucher's disease.[10][11]
Anti-CD68 monoclonal antibodies that react with tissues of rodent and other species include ED1, FA-11, KP1 (a.k.a. C68/684), 6A326, 6F3, 12E2, 10B1909, and SPM130. Monoclonals that react with humans include, Ki-M7, PG-M1, 514H12, ABM53F5, 3F7C6, 3F7D3, Y1/82A, EPR20545, CDLA68-1, LAMP4-824.[12]
ED1
ED1 is the most widely used monoclonal antibody clone directed against the
bovine
species.
The ED1 anti-CD68 antibody is not to be confused with the fibronectin extra domain ED1.[17]
See also
- Cluster of differentiation
- Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein
- Scavenger receptor (immunology)
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129226 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000018774 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 7680921.
- ^ a b "CD68 - Macrosialin precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - CD68 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ a b "CD68 Symbol Report". www.genenames.org. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ a b "CD68 Gene - CD68 Protein - CD68 Antibody". www.genecards.org. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "MACROPHAGE ANTIGEN CD68; CD68". omim.org. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
- PMID 19147301.
- ^ "Product Overview: anti-CD68 Antibodies". www.antibodies-online.com. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
- PMID 3882559.
- PMID 15051326.
- S2CID 848129.
- PMID 7821959.
- PMID 8238536.
Further reading
- Human Gene Database: GeneCards CD68
- UniProt Knowledgebase (CD68_HUMAN)
- Luo C, Kallajoki M, Gross R, Mulari M, Teros T, Ylinen L, Mäkinen M, Laine J, Simell O (November 2002). "Cellular distribution and contribution of cyclooxygenase COX-2 to diabetogenesis in NOD mouse". Cell and Tissue Research. 310 (2): 169–75. S2CID 8645558.
- O'Reilly D, Quinn CM, El-Shanawany T, Gordon S, Greaves DR (June 2003). "Multiple Ets factors and interferon regulatory factor-4 modulate CD68 expression in a cell type-specific manner". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (24): 21909–19. S2CID 26171842.
- Le BH, Boyer PJ, Lewis JE, Kapadia SB (July 2004). "Granular cell tumor: immunohistochemical assessment of inhibin-alpha, protein gene product 9.5, S100 protein, CD68, and Ki-67 proliferative index with clinical correlation". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 128 (7): 771–5. PMID 15214825.
- Mazur G, Haloń A, Wróbel T, Kuliczkowski K (2004). "Macrophage/histiocytic antigen CD68 expression in neoplastic and reactive lymph nodes". Roczniki Akademii Medycznej W Bialymstoku. 49 (Suppl 1): 73–5. PMID 15638380.
- Kunz-Schughart LA, Weber A, Rehli M, Gottfried E, Brockhoff G, Krause SW, Andreesen R, Kreutz M (2003). "[The "classical" macrophage marker CD68 is strongly expressed in primary human fibroblasts]". Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie (in German). 87: 215–23. PMID 16888915.
- Kim JS, Romero R, Cushenberry E, Kim YM, Erez O, Nien JK, Yoon BH, Espinoza J, Kim CJ (2007). "Distribution of CD14+ and CD68+ macrophages in the placental bed and basal plate of women with preeclampsia and preterm labor". Placenta. 28 (5–6): 571–6. PMID 17052752.
- O'Reilly D, Greaves DR (September 2007). "Cell-type-specific expression of the human CD68 gene is associated with changes in Pol II phosphorylation and short-range intrachromosomal gene looping". Genomics. 90 (3): 407–15. PMID 17583472.
- Lee CH, Espinosa I, Vrijaldenhoven S, Subramanian S, Montgomery KD, Zhu S, Marinelli RJ, Peterse JL, Poulin N, Nielsen TO, West RB, Gilks CB, van de Rijn M (March 2008). "Prognostic significance of macrophage infiltration in leiomyosarcomas". Clinical Cancer Research. 14 (5): 1423–30. S2CID 10778386.
- Chen WS, Chen CH, Lin KC, Tsai CY, Liao HT, Wang HB, Chen YK, Yang AH, Chen TC, Chou CT (2009). "Immunohistological features of hip synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis with advanced hip involvement". Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 38 (2): 154–5. S2CID 36057425.