CD81
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 11: 2.38 – 2.4 Mb | Chr 7: 142.61 – 142.62 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
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CD81 molecule, also known as CD81 (Cluster of Differentiation 81), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD81 gene.[5][6] It is also known as 26 kDa cell surface protein, TAPA-1 (Target of the Antiproliferative Antibody 1), and Tetraspanin-28 (Tspan-28).
Gene
The gene is located on the plus strand of the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p15.5). It is 20,103 bases in length and encodes a protein of 236 amino acids (predicted molecular weight 25.809 kDa).[6]
The protein does not appear to be post translationally modified and has four transmembrane domains. Both the N-terminus and C-terminus lie on the intracellular side of the membrane.
The gene is expressed in
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the
The tetraspanin family includes
CD81 interacts directly with immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 (
Clinical significance
This protein plays a critical role in Hepatitis C attachment and/or cell entry by interacting with virus' E1/E2 glycoproteins heterodimer.[9] The large extracellular loop of CD81 binds the hepatitis E2 glycoprotein dimer. HCV-E2 and CD81 binding Kd is 1.8 nM. HCV-E2 engaged CD81 is only 30% internalized after 12hr, suggesting CD81 may be primarily an attachment receptor for HCV.[10]
It also appears to play a role in liver invasion by Plasmodium species.[11] CD81 is required for Plasmodium vivax sporozoite entry into human hepatocytes and for Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite entry into murine hepatocytes.[12]
HIV gag proteins use tetraspanin enriched microdomains (containing minimally CD81, CD82, CD63) as a platform for virion assembly and release. Purified HIV produced by MOLT\HIV cells contains CD81. Anti-CD81 antibodies downregulate HIV production 3 fold, however the CD81 protein free virus is more infectious.[13] Engagement of CD81 lowers the signaling threshold required to trigger T-Cell\CD3 mediated proviral DNA in CD4+ T cells.[14]
CD81 appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of influenza.[15]
Interactions
CD81 has been shown to
Ligands
Benzyl salicylate[26] and terfenadine[27] have been shown to bind to CD81.
See also
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110651 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037706 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: CD81 CD81 molecule".
- ^ S2CID 31032048.
- PMID 11673522.
- ^ PMID 9597125.
- PMID 12913001.
- PMID 10775621.
- PMID 18389082.
- S2CID 6290736.
- PMID 19284574.
- PMID 15767432.
- PMID 24130495.
- PMID 9360996.
- S2CID 23655762.
- S2CID 32942467.
- ^ PMID 9804823.
- PMID 8630057.
- PMID 11278880.
- PMID 11087758.
- PMID 12036870.
- PMID 10229664.
- PMID 12175627.
- PMID 22740401.
- PMID 18560330.
Further reading
- Berditchevski F (2002). "Complexes of tetraspanins with integrins: more than meets the eye". J. Cell Sci. 114 (Pt 23): 4143–51. PMID 11739647.
- Ye J (2007). "Reliance of Host Cholesterol Metabolic Pathways for the Life Cycle of Hepatitis C Virus". PLOS Pathog. 3 (8): e108. PMID 17784784.
- Bradbury LE, Kansas GS, Levy S, et al. (1992). "The CD19/CD21 signal transducing complex of human B lymphocytes includes the target of antiproliferative antibody-1 and Leu-13 molecules". J. Immunol. 149 (9): 2841–50. S2CID 23655762.
- Andria ML, Hsieh CL, Oren R, et al. (1991). "Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the TAPA-1 gene". J. Immunol. 147 (3): 1030–6. S2CID 31032048.
- Oren R, Takahashi S, Doss C, et al. (1990). "TAPA-1, the target of an antiproliferative antibody, defines a new family of transmembrane proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (8): 4007–15. PMID 1695320.
- Levy S, Nguyen VQ, Andria ML, Takahashi S (1991). "Structure and membrane topology of TAPA-1". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (22): 14597–602. PMID 1860863.
- Takahashi S, Doss C, Levy S, Levy R (1990). "TAPA-1, the target of an antiproliferative antibody, is associated on the cell surface with the Leu-13 antigen". J. Immunol. 145 (7): 2207–13. S2CID 30999229.
- Matsumoto AK, Martin DR, Carter RH, et al. (1993). "Functional dissection of the CD21/CD19/TAPA-1/Leu-13 complex of B lymphocytes". J. Exp. Med. 178 (4): 1407–17. PMID 7690834.
- Nagira M, Imai T, Ishikawa I, et al. (1994). "Mouse homologue of C33 antigen (CD82), a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily: complementary DNA, genomic structure, and expression". Cell. Immunol. 157 (1): 144–57. PMID 8039242.
- Virtaneva KI, Emi N, Marken JS, et al. (1994). "Chromosomal localization of three human genes coding for A15, L6, and S5.7 (TAPA1): all members of the transmembrane 4 superfamily of proteins". Immunogenetics. 39 (5): 329–34. S2CID 22971645.
- Radford KJ, Thorne RF, Hersey P (1996). "CD63 associates with transmembrane 4 superfamily members, CD9 and CD81, and with beta 1 integrins in human melanoma". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222 (1): 13–8. PMID 8630057.
- Szöllósi J, Horejsí V, Bene L, et al. (1996). "Supramolecular complexes of MHC class I, MHC class II, CD20, and tetraspan molecules (CD53, CD81, and CD82) at the surface of a B cell line JY". J. Immunol. 157 (7): 2939–46. S2CID 18389389.
- Berditchevski F, Tolias KF, Wong K, et al. (1997). "A novel link between integrins, transmembrane-4 superfamily proteins (CD63 and CD81), and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (5): 2595–8. PMID 9006891.
- Berditchevski F, Chang S, Bodorova J, Hemler ME (1997). "Generation of monoclonal antibodies to integrin-associated proteins. Evidence that alpha3beta1 complexes with EMMPRIN/basigin/OX47/M6". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (46): 29174–80. PMID 9360995.
- Tachibana I, Bodorova J, Berditchevski F, et al. (1997). "NAG-2, a novel transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF) protein that complexes with integrins and other TM4SF proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (46): 29181–9. PMID 9360996.
- Hu RJ, Lee MP, Connors TD, et al. (1998). "A 2.5-Mb transcript map of a tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment from 11p15.5, and isolation and sequence analysis of three novel genes". Genomics. 46 (1): 9–17. PMID 9403053.
- Pileri P, Uematsu Y, Campagnoli S, et al. (1998). "Binding of hepatitis C virus to CD81". Science. 282 (5390): 938–41. PMID 9794763.
- Serru V, Le Naour F, Billard M, et al. (1999). "Selective tetraspan-integrin complexes (CD81/alpha4beta1, CD151/alpha3beta1, CD151/alpha6beta1) under conditions disrupting tetraspan interactions". Biochem. J. 340 (Pt 1): 103–11. PMID 10229664.
- Tachibana I, Hemler ME (1999). "Role of Transmembrane 4 Superfamily (Tm4sf) Proteins Cd9 and Cd81 in Muscle Cell Fusion and Myotube Maintenance". J. Cell Biol. 146 (4): 893–904. PMID 10459022.
- Higginbottom A, Quinn ER, Kuo CC, et al. (2000). "Identification of Amino Acid Residues in CD81 Critical for Interaction with Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E2". J. Virol. 74 (8): 3642–9. PMID 10729140.
External links
- CD81+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Human CD81 genome location and CD81 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.