List of ancient Greek tribes
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The ancient Greek tribes (
syncretic culture through absorption and assimilation of previous and neighboring populations into the Greek language and customs. Greek word for tribe was Phylē (sing.) and Phylai (pl.), the tribe was further subdivided in Demes (sing. Demos, pl. Demoi) roughly matching to a clan
.
The name Pelasgians was used exclusively by the ancient Greek writers, who referred to the populations they considered the ancestors of the Greeks or "pre-Hellenic". Some, mainly later ones, use it to describe purely Greek populations.
With the dominion of land passing on from one tribe to the other, cultural exchange through art and trade, and frequent alliances toward common goals, the ethnic character of the different tribes had become primarily political by the dawn of the
Roman conquest of Greece, the subsequent division of the Roman Empire into Greek East and Latin West, as well as the advent of Christianity, molded the common ethnic and political Greek identity once and for all to the subjects of the Greek world
by the 3rd century AD.
Ancestors
- Proto-Indo-Europeans (Proto-Indo-European speakers
- (?) Proto-Graeco-Phrygians (proposed subgroup of Proto-Graeco-Phrygian speakers)[1]
- (?) Proto-Graeco-Armenians (proposed subgroup of Proto-Graeco-Armenian speakers)[2]
- (?) Proto-Graeco-Aryans (proposed subgroup of Proto-Graeco-Aryan speakers)[3]
- Proto-Greeks (Proto-Greek speakers)
Greek tribes
This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2018) |
Late Bronze Age: Homeric Age of the Iliad (circa 1200 BC)
Hellenes
- Dorian Invasion)
- Central and Eastern Greek tribes (Aeolians, Achaeans and Ionians)
- Achaeans (Broader sense)
- Central Greek tribes (Aeolians and Achaeans)
- Aeolians
- Acarnanians, Pre-Dorian Acarnanians
- Dulichiumians/Doulicheis (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Taphians and Teleboans - in the Echinades Islands
- Kefalonia, Ithaca (homeland of Odysseus), Leucas/Lefkada and Zakynthos (Southern Ionian Islands) (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Aenis
- Boeotians
- Aones (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Aetolians (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Dryopes - Pre-Dorian dwellers of Doris
- Locrians - Pre-Dorian Locrians (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Phoceans - Pre-Dorian Phoceans (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Thessalians
- was their mythical king)
- Myrmidons (Myrmidónes) (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships) (people of Achilles in the Iliad)
- Perrhaebi (Perraiboí) (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Achaeans (Narrower sense) - Pre-Doric people of Peloponnese Peninsula (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Arcadians (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Argos (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Epeans (el) of Elis (Epeioí) - Pre-Doric people of Elis (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Lacedaemonians - Pre-Doric people of Lacedaemonia, later doric Sparta (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- )
- Symians (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Aeolians
- Eastern Greek tribes (Ionians)
- Ionians
- Oldest tribes (Phylai)
- Attics
- Athenians (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Euboeans
- Salamineans (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Ionians
- Central Greek tribes (Aeolians and Achaeans)
- Achaeans (Broader sense)
- Western Greek tribes (Dorians and Magnetes)
- Dorians
- Magnetes (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Central and Eastern Greek tribes (Aeolians, Achaeans and Ionians)
Iron Age: Archaic and Classical Greece (from circa 800 BC)
Dorian Invasion
Hellenes
- Central and Eastern Greek tribes (Aeolians, Achaeans and Ionians)
- Mycenean Greek that was the ancestor of Aeolic, Arcado-Cypriot and Ionic Greek dialects of Classical Greece.
- Central Greek tribes (Aeolians and Achaeans)
- Mycenean Greekfeatures).
- )
- Island).
- Macedon.
- Achaeans, Phtiothis - They lived in Achaea Phthiotis.
- Thessaliantribe)
- Histiaeoteans - They lived in Histiaeotis, Thessaly's Northwest district.
- Thessalians Proper - They lived in Thessaliotis.
- Aeolian Diaspora
- Asia Minor Aeolians - They lived in Aeolis, Northwestern Anatolian coast.
- Lesbians - They lived in Lesbos Island.
- Mycenean Greekfeatures).
- Greek tribal confederation.
- Azanes
- Eleans.
- Amphidolians
- Letrinians
- Marganians
- Achaean Diaspora
- Cypriots - They lived in Cyprus Island
- Pamphylians - They lived in Pamphylia (South-West Anatolia).
- Greek tribal confederation.
- Eastern Greek tribes (Ionians)
- Koiné and its descendant Modern Greek).
- Oldest tribes (Phylai)
- )
- Aiantis (named after Ajax) (Aeschylus was a member of this tribe)
- Aigeis (named after Aegeus)
- was a member of this tribe)
- Antiochis (named after Antiochus, son of Heracles) (Socrates was a member of this tribe)
- Erechtheis (named after Erechtheus) (Critias may also have been a member of this tribe)
- Hippothontis (named after Hippothoon)
- Kekropis (named after Cécrops)
- Leontis (named after Leos, son of Orpheus) (Themistocles was a member of this tribe)
- Oineis (named after Oeneus)
- Pandionis (named after Pandion)
- Euboeans (West Ionians) - They lived in EuboeaIsland.
- Abantes
- Euboean Diaspora
- Chalcidicians, Euboean - They lived in the Peninsula of Chalcidicia (many were descendants from Euboean colonies from the cities of Chalcis and Eretria).
- Catanians - They lived in Catania, Magna Graecia (many were descendants from a Euboean colony from the city of Chalcis).
- poleis in southern Italy coast, including Nea Polis (New City), today's Naples (it was to the West and close of Naples).
- Neapolitans - They lived in Naples (many were descendants from Rhodean and Ionic colonies, the last ones were more numerous).
- Ionians, Cycladian (Central Ionians) - They lived in Cyclades Islands. Delos Island that had the important Delos sanctuary was in this group of islands.
- Cycladian Diaspora
- Chalcidicians, Cycladian - They lived in the Peninsula of Chalcidicia (many were descendants of a colony from Andros Island).
- Cycladian Diaspora
- Salamina Island
- Ionian Diaspora
- Asia Minor Ionians (East Ionians) - They lived in Ionia, Western Anatolian coast.
- Siris in Lucania/Basilicata eastern coast (many were descendants of a colony from the city of Colophon, in the Western Anatoliancoast).
- Asia Minor Ionians (East Ionians) - They lived in Ionia, Western Anatolian coast.
- Central Greek tribes (Aeolians and Achaeans)
- Western Greek tribes (Dorians and Macedonians)
- Proto-Greeklanguage).
- Northwestern Doric Greek tribes - They spoke North-West Doric Greek dialect
- Acarnanians, Northwestern Greek - They lived in Acarnania(this region had two groups of Greeks: the native Northwestern Greek Acarnanians and the Dorians Proper Acarnanians, many of whom were descendants from Corinthian colonies).
- Northwest Greek dialect but with a stronger Achaean Greek substrate. They spoke Achaean Doric Greek(not to be confused with Achaean Greek).
- Achaean Dorians of Peloponnese - They lived in Achaea (whose older name was Aegialus/Aegialea and was dwelt by Ionians) (North Peloponnese Peninsula).
- Achaean Dorians Diaspora
- Crotoneans - They lived in Crotone (Eastern Calabria coast), Magna Graecia (many were descendants from an Achaean colony from the city of Rhypes).
- Achaean Dorians Diaspora
- Achaean Dorians of the Islands
- Doulicheis - Older dwellers of Leucas/Lefkada Island (before Corinthian colonization).
- Ithacians - They lived in Ithaca Island (the land of the legendary Odysseus, the main character of the Odyssey and also one of the main ones in the Iliad whose author is traditionally thought to be Homer).
- KephaloniaIsland.
- Zakynthians - They lived in Zakynthos Island.
- Achaean Dorians of Peloponnese - They lived in Achaea (whose older name was Aegialus/Aegialea and was dwelt by Ionians) (North Peloponnese Peninsula).
- Aeniania/Ainis.
- .
- Amphilochia.
- Eleans - They lived in Elis (West Peloponnese Peninsula). Olympia, where the Ancient Olympic Games were held, was in Elis.
- Epirotes (Epirotic Dorians) - They lived in Epirus.
- Amantes[5] (?) (there is ongoing debate on if the tribe was Epirote Greek or Illyrian.)
- .)
- Chaonians - They lived in Chaonia.
- Subtribes or Clans: Dexaroi
- Molossia.
- Apheidantes - They were named after king Apheidas.
- Arktanoi[7]
- Athamania
- was in their land.
- Orestaes - They lived in Orestis.
- Mountains.
- Paroraioi (Paroraei) - They lived in the western slopes of Mount Tymphe, Northern Pindus Mountains.
- Pelagones[9] - They lived in Pelagonia.
- Mount Pindus and in the neighborhood of Mount Tomarus.
- Tymphaeans - They lived in Tymphaea, eastern slopes of Mount Tymphe.
- Thesprotians - They lived in Thesprotia.
- Subtribes or Clans: Torydaeoi.
- Subtribes or Clans:
- Locrians - They lived in Locris.
- Malia/Malis. Thermopylaewas in their land.
- Oeteans - They lived in Oetaea, included Mount Oeta.
- Phoceans - They lived in Phocis. Delphi sanctuary and oracle was in their land (on the southern slopes of Mount Parnassus).
- Dorians Proper They spoke Doric Greek dialects.
- Oldest tribes (Phylai)
- Argolis (East PeloponnesePeninsula).
- Greek colonies were of Corinthian origin (i.e. Corinth was the Metropolis- Mother City, the origin of many Greek colonies).
- Corinthian Diaspora
- Acarnanians, Dorians Proper - They lived in Acarnania(this region had two groups of Greeks: the native Northwestern Greek Acarnanians and the Dorians Proper Acarnanians, many of whom were descendants from Corinthian colonies).
- Ambracians - Descendants of a Corinthian colony. They lived in Ambracia.
- Phaeacians may have been the original inhabitants and called their island Scheria).
- ) Island.
- colony).
- Corinthian Diaspora
- Cretans - They lived in Crete Island.
- Kythera/Kythira) Island, south of PeloponnesePeninsula.
- Dorians (of Doris) - They lived in Doris (Upper Cephissus river valley). They were viewed as a people close to the land were Dorians originated - roughly south Epirus and Aetolia in Northwest Greece (when they migrated towards south).
- Laconia (South PeloponnesePeninsula).
- Laconia (South PeloponnesePeninsula).
- Spartan Diaspora
- Tarantinoi - They lived in Taranto, Magna Graecia (many were descendants from a Spartan colony).
- Spartan Diaspora
- Megareans - They lived in Megaris.
- Messenians - They lived in Messenia (South-West Peloponnese Peninsula).
- Thira Island (Santorini).
- Dorian Diaspora
- Northwestern Doric Greek tribes - They spoke North-West Doric Greek dialect
- Macedonians-Magnetes
- Macedonians (Makedónes) - They lived in Ancient Macedonia and may have spoken a version of the Doric dialect.
- Magnetes - They lived in Magnesia (most of Thessaly's coastal region). They were seen by ancient Greeks as a people that shared a common ancestor with the Macedonians.
Pre-Greek and non-Greek tribes (later Hellenized)
Pre-Greek and non-Greek tribes who became hellenized and whom some of the later Greek tribes claimed descent from
- Anatolians?
- Cadmeans
- Eteocypriots ("True Cypriots") - They lived scattered through Cyprus island.
- Minoan Cretans (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- True Cretans") - They lived in the eastern region of Creteisland.
- Bottiaeans? - They originally lived in Bottiaea, after Macedonian conquest many of them migrated to Bottike
- Minyans (Minyes) (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships)
- Mysians?
- Pelasgians (mentioned in Iliad's Catalogue of Ships and in Trojan Battle Order) - They lived scattered through several regions of ancient Greece (like Pelasgiotis) in enclaves.
- Mount Pindus and in the neighborhood of Mount Tomarus.
- Attican Ionian Greekethnic identity.
- Thessalonika).
- Cydonia/modern Chania).
- Gallipoli Peninsula) and some parts on the coast of the other side of the Hellespontus or Dardanelles strait (on the Asian side) before the Thracianexpansion and conquest of that peninsula.
- Athens at the end of the 6th century BC and later assimilated into an Ionian Greek identity. Some of them moved to the peninsula's promontory of Actē (today's Mount Athos).
- Arcadia) were the same people, two branches of an original people or even if they were directly related.
- Lycaeus.
- Mount Parnon.
- Hyantes Pelasgians (legendary or partly based on a true people and historical events) - Former Pelasgians inhabitants of Boeotia, from which country they were expelled by the followers of Cadmus (Peck; Pliny's Natural History, iv.12).
- Pelasgiotes - They lived in Pelasgiotis (eastern Thessaly that included Thessaly's own capital Larissa).
- Marmara Sea), mostly in Cyzicus.
- Athens at the beginning of the 5th century BC and later assimilated into an IonianGreek identity.
- Phrygians?
- Thracians?
- Pieres - They originally lived in Pieria, after Macedonian conquest many of them migrated to Pieris
- Tyrrhenians?
- Hellenistic Cultures
- Greco-Bactrians - A small Hellenistic Kingdom created after the conquest of Macedonia.
- Indo-Greeks - Another Hellenistic Kingdom which revolted against the Seleucid empire.
- Dayuans - The descedants of the Greco-Bactians. They were conquered by the Chinese and the Kossands.
See also
- Greeks
- Regions of ancient Greece
- List of Celtic tribes
- List of Germanic peoples
- List of ancient peoples of Italy
- List of Ancient Iranian peoples
- List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes
References
- ^ Ligorio, Orsat; Lubotsky, Alexander (2018). "Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics". De Gruyter: 1816–1831.
- ^ Ebert, Max (1924). Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte: unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgelehrter (in German). W. de Gruyter. pp. 219–226.
- ISBN 978-3-85124-550-9.
- ^ Roger D. Woodard (2008), "Greek dialects", in: The Ancient Languages of Europe, ed. R. D. Woodard, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 51.
- ^ The Illyrian Atintani, the Epirotic Atintanes and the Roman Protectorate N. G. L. Hammond, The Journal of Roman Studies Vol. 79 (1989), pp. 11-25 "There were Illyrian Amantini in Pannonia and Greek Amantes in North Epirus"
- ^ Wilkes, John. The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe). Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, p. 97.
- ^ Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen. An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 345.
- ^ Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen. An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 338.
- ^ a b John Boardman and Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond. The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 3, Part 3: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 284.
- ^ Woodhouse, William John. Aetolia: Its Geography, Topography, and Antiquities. Clarendon Press, 1897, p. 70. "Ptolemy, however, makes them neighbours of the Epirot tribe of the Kassopaioi, who lived on the coast of the Ionian sea."
External links
- Source texts of ancient Greek and Roman authors
- Strabo's The Geography (Geographica). Books 7, Chapter 7 and Books 8, 9 and 10 are about Greece (each region has a chapter).