Invertebrate paleontology

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Invertebrate paleontology (also spelled invertebrate palaeontology) is sometimes described as invertebrate paleozoology or invertebrate paleobiology. Whether it is considered to be a subfield of

By invertebrates are meant the non-vertebrate creatures of the

Relatedly, invertebrates have never had a

Invertebrate terminology in science

In the many decades since

However, there is one contemporary caveat:

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008)

Invertebrate fossilization

When it comes to the fossil record, soft-bodied and minuscule invertebrates—such as

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008)

Footnotes

Further reading

Although these books are not footnoted in this article, the following are well-illustrated, well-organized—and often well-worn—guides to invertebrate (and sometimes other) fossils:

• Paolo Arduini (1987), Simon and Schuster's Guide to Fossils (Old Tappan, New Jersey:
  ISBN 0-671-63132-2
  .
• Prentice-Hall
  ), 512 pages.
• R. S. Boardman and others (1985). Fossil Invertebrates.
• British Museum of Natural History
  (1969). British Palaeozoic Fossils (London, England: British Museum of Natural History).
• Euan N. K. Clarkson (1998). Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution (London, England:
  ISBN 978-0-632-05238-7
  .
• Peter Doyle (1996), Understanding Fossils: An Introduction to Invertebrate Paleontology (Hoboken, New Jersey:
  ISBN 0-471-96351-8
  .
• ISBN 0-486-29371-8
  .
• W. R. Hamilton and others (1974). A Guide to Minerals, Rocks and Fossils (London, England: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd.), 320 pages.
• W. B. Harland (1967). The Fossil Record (London, England: Geological Society of London
  ), 827 pages.
• V. Lehmann and G. Hillmer (1983). Fossil Invertebrates (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press).
• Harold L. Levin (1998), Ancient Invertebrates and Their Living Relatives (Boston:
  ISBN 978-0-13-748955-8
  .
• William H. Matthews III (1962). Fossils: An Introduction to Prehistoric Life (New York: Barnes & Noble), 337 pages.
• Helmut Mayr (1992). A Guide to Fossils (New York: Longman, Harlow).
• ISBN 0-07-043020-9
  .
• J. W. Murray, editor (1985). Atlas of Invertebrate Macrofossils (Princeton: Princeton University Press), 256 pages.
• Dorling Kindersley
  ).
• Frank H. T. Rhodes and others (1962). Fossils: A Guide to Prehistoric Life (New York:
  Golden Nature Guide
  ), 242 pages.
• Henry Woodburn Shimer and Robert Rakes Shrock (1944/1983). Index Fossils of North America (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press), 837 pages.
• Robert Rakes Shrock and W. H. Twenhofel (1953). Invertebrate Paleontology (New York: McGraw-Hill).
• Ronald Singer (2000),
  ISBN 1-884964-96-6
  .
• National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fossils (New York: Alfred A. Knopf
  ), 846 pages.
• ISBN 0-226-84548-6
  . A discussion focusing on invertebrates during the Paleozoic era.
• David Ward
  (2002). Smithsonian Handbook of Fossils (London, England: Dorling Kindersley), 320 pages.

• A colorful, illustrated taxonomy of extinct and living invertebrate Metazoa by the University of California Museum of Paleontology.
• The invertebrate fossil record illustrated colorfully for Metazoa provided by the U.C. Museum of Paleontology.
• Educational and colorful introduction to the three domains of the Tree of Life – as well as to the topic of "Understanding Evolution" – sponsored by the U.C. Museum of Paleontology.
• An introduction to fossils by The Paleontology Portal, a project of four American institutions funded by the National Science Foundation.
• The introduction to invertebrate fossils provided by The Paleontology Portal.
• Thousands of online pictures of invertebrate fossils. sponsored by the Peabody Museum at Yale University.
• The taxonomy of the Metazoa Kingdom of animals provided by The Tree of Life Project.
• Home site of the many volumes of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, a site sponsored by both The Paleontological Institute at the University of Kansas and the Geological Society of America.